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Volume 19, Issue 11
Displaying 1-35 of 35 articles from this issue
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Rinzo Ono, Hiroshi Maeda, Atsuo Ishimoto1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages 865-874
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs has been reported earlier, repeated compression of rayon tire cord produces, in contrast to repeated extension, some structural changes in crystalline region. That is, in compression fatigue, the (101) planes, whose cohesion in the lattice is weakest, suffer inter-planar slip. This slip, together with fibrilation occurring at the same time, leads to gradual weakening of filaments. In the pressent paper, the source of this slip has been investigated by means of X-ray and several other measurements. Observation of compression of cords in transparent resin (Polyvinyl butyral) and investigation of stress-strain relationships in extension and compression regions of Goodrich Disk Test piece, reveal that so-called compression of tire cord is, in fact, a flexion of filaments. Here, on the basis of these observations, Rotor Flex type tester has been used for “compression” fatigue test on several types of rayon tire yarn samples, which are of various internal fine structures.
As fatigue increases, residual filament strength is lowered slowly in the earlier stage and rather rapidly after some point is reached. Although degree of crystallinity as obtained by means of X-ray measurements according to P. H. Hermans, shows no apparent change, (101) half value width increases in the similar way as residual filament strength decreases. Average radius of crystallites shows gradual decrease. Fibrilation of filaments as observed by the method of H. Mark et al. occurrs. These changes occurr more rapidly in samples containing more voids or imperfection of crystallinity or of less mobility of crystallites.
It has been concluded from above that stress concentration at voids in crystalline region and resulting slip play important roles in flexion or compression fatigue.View full abstractDownload PDF (2445K) -
Hiromu Takeda1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages 875-880
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between solvent removal in filament and fiber properties was investigated using butanol coagulation bath as an example of a bath of weak coagulating power compared with solventwater coagulation system.
The results are as follows:
(1) The diffusion constant of solvent in filament ranges from 0.97×10-6 to 1.56×10-6cm2/sec and its activation energy is 1.99 kcal/mol. The influence of dope concentration on the diffusion constant of solvent is small.
(2) As for the relation between drawability of the filament and solvent removal phenomena, the time required in attaining the constant drawability of filament during wet spinning process and the time required for the approximate equilibirum of solvent diffusion to be reached were different at low coagulation bath temperatures, while they agreed at high temperatures.
(3) Variation of mechanical properties of fiber is related to the solvent removal phenomena in a similar way to the drawability of the filament, but the relation is not as clear as in the latter case.View full abstractDownload PDF (1065K) -
(IX) THE INFLUENCE OF FREE THIOGLYCOLLIC ACID ADSORBED IN WOOL ON SETTING ABILITYYoshiharu Nakamura, Yoshio Nemoto, Takashi Kondo1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages 881-888
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo obtain some information on the mechanism of the setting of the worsted fabrics with thioglycollic acid (TGA), the influences of -SH group in wools treated with TGA on the setting ability were studied.
The determination of “combined-SH” group resulting from cysteine residue and “free-SH” group resulting from adsorbed TGA in wools reduced over a wide range of pH values was made by the polarographic method, on which the authors reported previously. Also curves were obtained by plotting those -SH contents versus pH value of TGA solutions. The curves of “free-SH” and “total-SH” showing a sum of “free-SH” and “combined-SH” had respectively a peak on acidic side but the latter ascended with increase of pH value on the basic side.
The “total-SH” curve is analogous to the curve of “percent set” versus pH values of TGA solutions, and wool takes a larger amount of TGA as free acid mostly in acidic medium except in lowest pH value.
These result lead to the conclusion that “free-SH”, resulting from adsorption of TGA, is useful on setting process for the worsted fabrics on acidic side, where it may react as a catalyser on disulfide exchange reaction in those fabrics.View full abstractDownload PDF (599K) -
(X) HISTOCHEMICAL STUDE ON WOOL TREATED WITH THIOGLYCOLLIC ACIDYoshiharu Nakamura, Takashi Kondo1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages 888-893,881
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study on the setting-process of the worsted fabrics with thioglycollic acid (TGA), the swelling of the wool fibres with TGA-treatment and the isoelectric point of the TGA-treated wool were measured with histochemical methods.
Obtained results and some consideration based on them are as follows:
1. Wool fibres swelled more markedly with TGA-treatment than by butter-treatment at the same pH value, but the length of the wool fibres does not shorten with either treatment. When the untensioned worsted fabrics are similarly treated with TGA, they contract remarkably regardless of length-change of single fibres in them. This phenomenon may be due to the geometrical shrinkage-so-called swelling shrinkage-of the twisted yarns in fabrics, and some of spaces against the swelling of single fibres in those yarns is left at a right angle direction to yarn axis. If, at this time, wool fabrics are fixed on the setting machine, the force to occur the geometrical shrinkage would be converted to stronger tension on the fabrics and be useful on the setting effect.
2. When the wool fibres are treated with TGA in acidic medium, they take up more of TGA at their A (para)-cortex than B (ortho)-, and A-cortex increases affinity for basic dyes. This result is analogous to the tendency on adsorption of acidic dyes into wool in acidic medium.
3. Isoelectric point of wool fibre treated with TGA in acidic medium does not descend to the pH value of TGA solution and remaines at such a value that disulfide exchange reaction could occur in the treated wool.View full abstractDownload PDF (2216K) -
Tsutomu Nakamura, Toshiji Takemura1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages 894-899
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dominant wavelengths corresponding to hue of tyrosine, tryptphane and their mixed solutions by exposing to light were 576±0.5mμ respectively. Judging on their results from the measuring exactitude, it was therefore difficult to elucidate whether the yellowing of silk by exposing to light is mainly caused by tyrosine or tryptphane, due to the difference in their dominant wavelength. If the values below 1mμ on these results have any meaning, the dominant wavelength of the yellowing silk exposed to light becomes just in the middle of these of tyrosine and tryptphane.
Next, as for the coloring of the solution mixed with tyrosine and tryptphane by exposing to light, it is recognized that there exists a remarkable sensitization between them. And the coloring concentration of the solution mixed with tyrosine and tryptphane exposed to light is twice as large as the sum of each in the case of exposing independently.
The authors moreover obtained the following formulae with regard to the function present between the percentage transmittance T (%) of monochromatic light or luminosity Y (%) of transmitting light, and the time of exposure t (hr).
And then the value of each constant k in these formulae changes with changed spectral wavelength, that is, from 10 (400mμ) to 15 (600mμ). These constants mean that the coloring of their mixed solutions make scarcely their appearance till k (hr) of exposure time is elasped.View full abstractDownload PDF (447K) -
VIII. THE ESTIMATION OF RADIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DYE IN VINYLON FIBERS. IX. THE EFFECT OE DISTRIBUTION OF DYE IN FIBER ON THE COLOR-DEPTH AND COLOR-SHADE OF DYEINGAkifumi Nasuno, Kenichi Tanabe1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages 900-910
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages 911-926
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S12-S15
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S15-S19
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S20-S21
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S21-S24
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S25-S35
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S35-S41
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S41-S50
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S50-S56
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S57-S66
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S66-S73
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S73-S76
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S76-S82
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S83-S91
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S91-S98
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S98-S100
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S101-S107
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S107-S114
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S115-S121
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S122-S123
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S123-S126
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S127-S128
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S128-S129
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S130-S132
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S133-S135
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S135-S136
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S137-S138
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S138-S140
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 11 Pages S140-S142
Published: November 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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