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Volume 22, Issue 5
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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(I) INVESTIGATION OF DRY SPINNING CONDITIONKazuo Koyano, Hideo Nagao, Seiichi Inoue1966 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 191-196
Published: May 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dry spinning condition for obtaining acrylic continuous filaments, using dimethylformamide as a solvent, was investigated by the experiment of orthogonal array of 215 type, as to the longitudinal dispersion of denier, residual solvent content, and fluff. The factors taken up in the experiment were, the temperature of a spinning shaft, the temperature of hot air, the temperature of spinning solution, draft (stretching ratio during spinning), six two-factor interactions of these four factors, a rectifier for hot air, and staic pressure at the outlet of the shaft. It was found that:
1. the higher the temperature of spinning solution, the smaller the longitudinal dispersion of denier; and attaching a rectifier for hot air above a spinneret makes the dispersion of denier smaller. Although this effect of the rectifier gets smaller when the temperature of the spinning solution becomes 150°C, at this temperature a long steady spinning is impossible without exchange of a spinneret. Furthermore, smaller draft makes the dispersion of denier smaller. The smallest value of dispersion of denier estimated is 8.56±2.04 denier in the range of 10 samples (converted to the stretched filament of 50 denier, at 5% level of significance, the number of efficient repetition=6.4).
2. The residual solvent content of the filament wound up is smaller, as should be, when the temperature of spinning solution is higher; and although smaller draft also makes the residual solvent content smaller. this effect of draft vanishes as the temperature of hot air becomes 270°C. The smallest value of residual solvent content estimated is 16.25±0.81% (at 5% level of significance, the number of efficient repetition=6.4).
3. There are no factors significant for fluff. From the results 1 and 2 above, it is interpreted that the longitudinal dispersion of denier is caused by the disturbance of the hot air below the spinneret, where the filament just formed is not completely dried yet, while the fluff is considered to arise from causes which could not be controlled.View full abstractDownload PDF (392K) -
Nobuo Yamada, Yuji Sano, Toshiyuki Nanbu1966 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 197-205
Published: May 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTemperature and diameter changes of filament in quenching process were investigated.
Temperature changes, neglecting radial temperature distributions, is calculated by the following equations;
Temperature changes, considering radial temperature distributions, is calculated by the solutions obtained from thermal conduction equation of infinite cylinder assuming parabolic radial temperature distributions.
The experimental results satisfy these calculations. Temperature distributions along the spinning path were determined by air conditions and polymer output per nozzle hole and almost independent on winding velocity (denier or draft). It is suggested from the rate equations and temperature change calculations that the degree of the crystallization which takes place in quenching process is small.
Trouton viscosity was calculated from diameter changes of filaments in quenching process. The effects of du/dl on Trouton viscosity may be neglected for the experimental range, du/dl<25 [1/sec]. The activation energy is almost one half of that of shear viscosity.View full abstractDownload PDF (495K) -
I. OPTICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE MONOAXIAL STRETCHING II. OPTICAL INVESTIGATION OF BIAXIAL STRETCHINGSaburo Okajima, Kazuhiko Kurihara1966 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 206-216
Published: May 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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I. EFFECTS OF SOME FACTORS ON THE GRAFTINGYasuhiko Hori, Toru Takahashi, Masanori Nagata, Ichiro Sato1966 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 217-223
Published: May 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of some factors were studied on the graft copolymerization onto gel-cellophane. A given weight of gel-cellophane was submerged and exchanged every 5min.
Ceric ammonium nitrate was used here as initiator and acrylamide, as vinyl monomer.
The grafting yield was found to change as reaction time progressed, and to reach the maximum yield grafting at a given constant repeating.
This maximum yield is affected by some factors such as cellulose concentration, HNO3 concentration, dissolved oxygen content and temperature. The maximum point was recognized to shift to a short time duration as cellulose concentration and temperature increase, and dissolved oxygen content decrease.
By increasing HNO3 concentration, the effective grafting reactivity is prolonged, but the maximum point disappeares at the concentration above 0.015mol/l and saturated form is shown in the curve. In addition, the maximum grafting percentage is at 0.015mol/l.
Further, the dependency of reaction time on the grafting at the initial stage is different from that at the latter stage in which the maximum point appeares. The grafting percentage is constant for 5min. at the initial stage, but it increases proportionally to reaction time at the final stage.
On the basis of the results obtained here, the grafting mechanism is presumed to be different at the initial stage from that of final stage of the continuous polymerization.View full abstractDownload PDF (486K) -
PART 1 LOGICAL TREATMENT OF PATTERN PRODUCING SIGNALSNoboru Aisaka, Tatsuya Kawakami1966 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 224-228
Published: May 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the method of logical treatment of pattern producing signals is described.
The signals are given by the form of the electrical binary digits and treated through logical circuits. The digit“1” is sent to an actuator when the actuator selects a cylinder needle to knit, and “0” is sent when it selects a needle to miss.
The actuators, which are responsible for selecting needles in the cylinder to knit the pattern, are provided around the needle cylinder at each yarn feeder.
A pattern register stores the pattern producing signals of one course of the design. The signals in the resister are continuously circulating by the command which synchronizes with the rate of the needle movement, and each actuator reads out the stored signals repeatedly passing a particular bit in the register as long as one course of the pattern fabric is knitted. the bit for each actuator is decide by the following equation: T=1+(B-1)M/N-(B+a)l where, T: bit number of the register, B: numerical order of the actuator, M: numbers of the cylinder needles, N: numbers of the actuators, l: pattern width, a: an integer which satisfies the relation l_??_T>0.
After reading out the one course signals, the stored signals in the register are replaced with the next course signals.
These reading and writing actions of the pattern producing signals are performed sequentially at a period synchronous with the knitting action of the machine.View full abstractDownload PDF (342K) -
Kunizo Ohkubo1966 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 229-234
Published: May 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIodine treatment of nylon 6 (polycaproamide) accompanied with α-γ transition is well known, and in this report the changes in the fine structure and properties of nylon 6, treated with bromine-potassium bromide aqueous solution, are studied by means of absorption isotherm, X-rav diffraction, infrared absorption, and relative viscosity. In a diluted bromine solution, bromine penetrates the amorphous part of nylon 6, and as the bromine concentration increases, it enters the crystalline part and finally causes the change into γ-form.
Bromine absorption isotherm of nylon 6 differs from the one with iodine and is somewhat similar to the phenol absorption isotherm. It is found that in the various heat treated nylon 6 different degree of the recrystallization of the para-crystalline part into the γ-form occurs and that nylon 6 absorbed with bromine becomes insoluble in usual solvents of nylon 6.
It is noted that bromine treated nylon 6 is depolymerized by water even at room temperature, and more rapidly at higher temperature. Thus depolymerized nylon 6 has a lower melting point than normal nylon 6, and it can be ground into powder.View full abstractDownload PDF (931K) -
PART (XII). RELATIONS BETWEEN THE DYEING PROPERTIES, THE COUPLING POSITION AND THE POSITIONS OF SULPHONIC ACID GROUPS OF BENZIDINE DIRECT DYE SERIESKenzo Nishida, Takehiro Akimoto, Akira Kotera1966 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 235-237
Published: May 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelations beween the dyeing properties, the coupling position and the positions of sulphonic acid groups were investigated. Benzopurpurine 4 B (C. I. Direct Red 2, C. I. 23500) (I), o-tolidine _??_laurent's acid (II), o-tolidine _??_cleve-6-acid (III), o-tolidine _??_ cleve-7-acid (IV) and o-tolidine _??_ peri acid (V) were used. These dyes were prepared from the intermediates and purified by the method of Robinson and Mills. The method of dyeing and preparating the cotton was given in the previous reports (K. Nishida, J. S. D. C., 76, 551 (1960)). The dyes were removed from the cotton by treatment with 25% aqueous pyridine after dyeing and the concentration of the resulting solution was determined colorimetrically. The time required to attain equilibrium was determined by preliminary experiments adequate for the system to come to equilibrium. The standard affinity of these dyes at 90°C is shown in the Table. The coupling of (III), (IV) and (V) of these dyes takes place in the p-position to the amino group. The difference in dyeing properties may be explained on the following grounds; In (I) and (II) of these dyes, the intramolecular hydrogen bond occurs between the NH2 groups and -N=N- group in the dye molecules. This hydrogen bond, (N…H-N) which corresponds to the requirments of coplanarity increases the substantivities of (I) and (II). The substantivities of (III), (IV) and (V) of these dyes are nearly equal and make little difference between (I) and (II). The position of the sulphonic group in these dyes indicates very little effect on the dyeing action.View full abstractDownload PDF (221K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1966 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 238-241
Published: May 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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1966 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 241
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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HACHIRO HIYAMA, OSAMU MANABE1966 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages S125-S130
Published: May 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (486K) -
YOSHINOBU OHTA1966 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages S131-S137
Published: May 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (598K) -
TORU KAWAI1966 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages S138-S142
Published: May 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1991K) -
YUTAKA TANAKA1966 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages S152-S157
Published: May 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
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[in Japanese]1966 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages S158-S163
Published: May 10, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (385K)
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