Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
Volume 24, Issue 7
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • Hirokazu Takahara, Hiromichi Kawai
    1968 Volume 24 Issue 7 Pages 311-322
    Published: July 10, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The orientation behavior of crystallites during uniaxial stretching and its recovery behavior during heat-treatment without tension for highly isotactic as well as lowly isotactic polypropylenes, are interpreted in terms of a spherutlite deformation mechanism modified from that proposed by Sasaguri, Yamada and Stein.
    Four deformation parameters characterizing the spherulite deformation mechanism, i. e., fraction of the folded-chain type crystal within crystal lamella at undeformed state, easiness of crystal transition from folded-chain type to fringed-micellar type and that from fringed-miceller type to folded-chain type, and easiness of lamella detwisting, showed reasonable changes with degree of tacticity of the polymer, conditions of annealing and stretching of the bulk polymers.
    The prefered orientation recovery of crystal c-and b-axis than a′-axis during heat-treatment of stretched bulk polymer without tension, may be interepreted in terms of almost reversible deformation recovery of the spherulite and that of lamella detwisting, but irreversible crystal transitions between fringed-micellar tye and folded-chain type.
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  • Kazuhisa Saito
    1968 Volume 24 Issue 7 Pages 323-329
    Published: July 10, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Temperature-shrinkage curve of acrylic fiber was mearured in aqueous 80% (v/v) dimethylformamide solution and the effects of polymer composition, stretching and thermal treatment were investigated as follows:
    1) The temperature at which the maximum shrinkage is observed decreases with increasing in comonomer content.
    2) The percent of the maximum shrinkage increases with increasing in stretching ratio and it gives a practical measure for fiber orientation.
    3) The shape of temperature-shrinkage curve is affected by heat treatment. By relating to the studies of iodine adsorption and X-ray diffraction, it is concluded that the shape of the curve reflects lateral order distribution of acrylic fiber.
    4) The structural feature of acrylic fiber was also discussed in terms of the concept that polyacrylonitrile is laterally ordered as a single phase combining the properties of both crystalline and amorphous.
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  • (6) RELATION BETWEEN THE DESTRUCTION DEGREE DUE TO OXIDATION AND THE PECULIAR DEPRESSION PHENOMENA OF SILK FIBRON OF BOMBYX MORI
    Akira Kuwahara
    1968 Volume 24 Issue 7 Pages 330-335
    Published: July 10, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper deals with the relation between the destructing degree of destruction due to oxidation and the pelicular depression phenomena of silk fibroin of Bombyx mori.
    Silk fibroin of Bombyx mori was oxidized in textural form with 2 mol hydrogen peroxide solution for the different length of time (2_??_12 hours) at 70°C and then the observation of the surface was done mainly on the peculiar depression phenomena with the electron microscope.
    The results obtained are are follows;
    In the Oxidation Bombyx mori under the previous treatments a peculiar depression phenomenon was observed, but not seen papers6, 7, 8, 9, 10).
    Due to the oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, destruction and degradation develop accompanied by many dotted hollows, linear or circular and rectangular depression and growth of fissures.
    Judging from the above results and variation of the physical properties, it may be conceived that those peculiar depression phenomena become significant with advancing of the oxidation and are related to tyrosine in silk fibroin.
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  • CRYSTALLINITY AND DEGREE OF MERCERIZATION OF BAMBOO PULP FROM X-RAY DIFFRACTION
    Reisaburo Oye
    1968 Volume 24 Issue 7 Pages 336-342
    Published: July 10, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Using the X-ray diffractometer, crystallinity index (Cr. I.) was measured on the bomboo dissolving pulp as well as linter and wood pulps. Crystallinity index, proposed by L. Segal, changed a little according to the extent of prehydorlysis and sulfate cooking, however, Cr. I. of the bamboo pulp was nearly exual to those of wood pulps.
    The bamboo pulp was treated with 8-18% NaOH solutions in the same way as with linter and wood pulps and regenerated with acetic acid solution. The degree of mercerization of the samples was determined quantitatively by the X-ray diffractometer using standard mixture samples of linter and its mercerized pulp. The bamboo pulp does not mercerize so easily as wood pulps, though not so hard as with linter pulp. Mercerization is retarped with temperature. This was observed on the bamboo and wood pulp, when these pulps were treated with 14% NaOH solution.
    The difference of behavior at mercerization between the bamboo and wood pulps with nearly equal degree of crystalligation was supposedly due to in the fine structure, especially in the lateral order.
    The charactaristic behavior of bamboo in mercerization should be considered our practical preparation of alkali-cellulose for viscose.
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  • Yoshishige Tanaka, Yasumasa Oki, Yoshiji Ishii
    1968 Volume 24 Issue 7 Pages 343-348
    Published: July 10, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the previous paper it was shown that aminoanthraquinones gave corresponding anthrahydro-quinone by exposure to the light in ethyl alcohol.
    The present paper deals with the effects of several compounds on the rate of the fading reaction of 1, 4-bisoctylaminoanthraquinone. The compounds in with similar chemical constitution to textile materials were sellected, such as ethyl acetate (I), 1, 3-propanediol (II), propylene trimer (III) and n-hexane (IV).
    Spectral changes of the dye due to light exposure in ethyl alcohol, adding to which one of the compounds, were measured in the visible region.
    Following results were obtained:
    a) In irradiation of the dye solution, new band of the spectrum having maximum at 500_??_460mμ revealed as shown in earlier report. The rats of fading reaction was remakably accelerated by the addition of the compounds I and II.
    b) In addition of the compound III no spectral change was observed except the reduction of optical densities, and the rate of the reaction was not modified.
    c) In addition of the compound IV the rate of fading reaction decreased. Also, developement of the new band by light sxposure in n-hexane was obserbed at 600_??_560mμ.
    This intermediate product was identical in the spectra with 1, 4-diaminoanthraquinone and its melting point was not depressed by mixing with synthesized 1, 4-diaminoanthraquinone.
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  • Katsuyoshi Shibata, Toshihiko Ogawa, Yoshimi Takase
    1968 Volume 24 Issue 7 Pages 349-353
    Published: July 10, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The sensibilities of some solubility tests were examined to estimate the degree of damage to wool during the textile processing.
    Merino tops were used as samples. The residual grease on wool was removed by Soxhlet extraction with methylene chloride in order to minimize a possible damage due to the rise of temperature. The samples were then rinsed thoroughly in distilled water and dried at the room temperature. Samples subjected to alkaline treatments of increasing severity were prepared by treating the above-mentioned Merino tops in sodium carbonate solution.
    The amounts of cystine, lanthionine and total sulphur in wool modified by the alkaline treatment were determined by phospho sodium tungstate method proposed by Zahn, paper chromatography proposed by Dowling, and Calius method. The time of half-dyeing of each sample was then measured to find the relations between the degree of damage and the rate of dyeing.
    Urea-bisulfite solubility tests proposed by Lees and Elsworth is very sensible to the alkaline treated wool. In the present paper, the sensibilities were examined using thiourea, thiodiglycol and ε-caprolactum in place of urea. It was found that thiourea-bisulfite solubility test is more sensible than to urea-bisulfite solubility test and that the results by the former showed smaller dispersion values than by the latter. The time of half-dyeing and the urea-bisulfite solubility were decreased by the alkaline treatment.
    A part of cystine in wool is transformed into lanthionine by the alkaline treatment, and this reaction proceeds in a fairly short time and markedly at temperatures above 50°C.
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  • Masamitsu Nagano, Teiji Sawaki, Shohei Taniguchi
    1968 Volume 24 Issue 7 Pages 354-359
    Published: July 10, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of twist, temperature, and sizing on the tensile strength, dynamic Young's modulus, and tanδ of stainless streel filaments (12μ×300) made in U.S.A. were studied.
    (a) The relations of the number of twists to the tensile strength and to dynamic Young's modulus of metal filaments were obtained as follows:
    where, F: Strength (kg). N: Number of twist/5cm. E: Dynamic Young's Modulus. A, B, K, X, α: Constant.
    In this case;
    A=12kg, B=0.98, K=2.08×104 X=0.8, α=0.025
    (b) As to the effect of the number of twists and sizing on the tanδ, the value increases with the increasing number of twists, having its maximum value.
    The polymers used for the sizing considerably affected the value of tanδ, as generally shown in the following equation.
    where, G1: Dynamic Young's modulus of polymer. G2: Dynamic Young's modulus of metal filament. ω=2πf:Frequency. η1: Viscosity coefficient of polymer.
    The equation (4), which obtaines by substituting E=G2=Ke-_??_N into (3), shows the relation of tanδ to the number of twists and the characteristic of polymer and has the good agreement with the experimental results.
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