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Volume 26, Issue 3
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Masataka Kurokawa, Takashi Konishi, Fumio Tako, Toranosuke Hashimoto1970 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 95-101
Published: March 10, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe plastic deformation of a drawn filament of nylon 6•10 under compression perpendicular to the fiber axis has been investigated. The internal structure of the drawn filament is altered from the fibrous structure to the lamellar one by annealing at a temperature near the melting point. Evidences for the structual change are observed in wide-angle and small-angle X-ray patterns and in loadelongation curves. The form of plastic deformation under compressive forces perpendicular to the fiber axis depends also on the type of the internal structure. In the case of the specimen of the lameller type, observation with a polarizing microscope reveals that compression produces two sets of fine bands which intersect each other making a particular angle. Such bands do not appear in the specimen of the fiber-type. When a specimen of the fiber-type is compressed at a higher temperature, coarse deformattion bands appear and these are considered to be similar in character to the usual slip bands produced by shearing a plastic solid.View full abstractDownload PDF (4431K) -
Junzo Masamoto, Akihiro Miyake, Chihiro Oizumi, Hidehiko Kobayashi1970 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 102-108
Published: March 10, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNylon 3 was-spun in the ethyl acetate coagulation bath, using formic acid as the dope solvent. Spinning conditions, especially the drawing conditions were investigated.
Boiling water, steam and glycerine, which are well-known drawing medias for ordinary polyamides were not suitable as the drawing media for nylon 3 fibers. While in such media as silicone oil, wood's metal or hot air, which are thought to have no interaction with polyamides, nylon 3 fibers were able to be stretched above the glass transition temperature (170_??_180°C). The drawn nylon fibers thus obtained showed fairly good mechanical properties as textile fibers, i. e. strength, 2_??_3g/d, elongation; 10_??_20%.
Relations between mechanical properteis and spinning conditions were also investigated. Mechanical properties of drawn nylon 3 fibers thus obtained were not so much affected by coagulation conditions and spinning dope conditions, but remarkably affected by drawing conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1093K) -
Atsushi Suzuki, Michiyasu Ohira1970 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 109-116
Published: March 10, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany methods for measuring fabric moisture-permeability are discussed. Usually, weighing method and water-level method are used to determine the rate of moisture-transfer in fabrics.
The applicability of the humidity-gradient method for measurement of moisture-transfer through fabrics was investigated in this paper and the following results are obtained:
(1) The humidity distributions close to water-surface and fabric-surface can be observed with the hygrometer.
(2) Regions of linear gradient of water-vapour pressure are found in water-surface and fabricsurface. These regions are considered as the diffusion layers, and the rates of water-evaporation are calculated from Fick's diffusion formula.
(3) Gradient of vapour-pressure, vapour-pressure on water-surface and effective thickness of diffusion layer estimated from the distribution curve of vapour-pressure near the water-surface depend on temperature, humidity and air velocity.
(4) The above three values depend on fabric moisture-transfer properties. The rates of fabric moisture-transfer obtaind from the humidity-gradient method and the weighing method are in a satisfactory agreement. So, it is concluded that fabric moisture-permeability can be measured by the humidity-gradient method.
(5) According to the humidity-gradient method, the diffusion coefficient of water-vapour in fabrics, the surface coefficient of fabric moisture-transfer and the total resistance of fabric moisturepermeability can be calculated.
(6) The effective thickness of diffusion layer is related to the surface constructions and materials of fabrics.View full abstractDownload PDF (555K) -
Katsuo Kanno, Toshiro Iijima1970 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 117-123
Published: March 10, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe diffusion of 1:2 metal complex dyes into biaxally drawn nylon 6 film from an infinite dyebath has been studied by the film roll method. The concentration profiles of the dyes in nylon were found to be Fickian, i.e. the diffusio_??_ coefficient calculated was concentration independent. Furthermore, changes in dyebath concentration in a between 1.5×10-5mol/l and 3.5×10-4mol/l had no effect on both the shape of Fickian profile and the pentration distance at a given time. It is concluded that the dyes in the polymer do not interact solely with the terminal amin endogroups in the nylon.
Using the surface concentration (equal to equilibrium adsorption) calculated from the profiles, the adsorption isotherms wa found to be curvature like Freundlich type. A possible explanation on the isotherm and the interaction between polymamide and the dye was made. The activation energy of diffusion in a temperature range from 75°C to 90°C was about 25kcal/mol.View full abstractDownload PDF (548K) -
Tatsuya Hongu1970 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 124-137
Published: March 10, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of different treatments on cotton fabrics with various epoxides in the presence of alkali catalysts on the W & W properties and other properties was investigated. The treatments investigated for cotton fabrics impregnated with epoxides were the wet timing (T), steaming (S), and curing (C). The epoxides used were diglycidyl ether (I), ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (II), glycerin diglycidyl ether (III), and diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (V). Sodium hydroxide was used in most of experiments, in which the catalyst was padded before (B) or after (A) epoxidepadding or the catalyst and the epoxide were padded at the same time from a solution of the mixture (W).
The effectiveness of epoxides to improve wet crease recovery in B-T process was in the order, I>III>II>V.
The effectiveness of the epoxide-treatment under wet conditions for improving wet crease recovery and W & W properties was in the order W-T>B-T>W-S>A-T>A-S. Tear strength decreased as the add-on of the epoxide and the wet crease recovery angle increased. Little increase in dry crease recovery was observed in these treatments.
The effectiveness of the epoxide-treatment under curing conditions on both dry and wet crease recovery angles (dry<wet) was in the order, W>A>B.
The most effective catalyst for T precess with I was sodium methoxide, and that for S was sodium peroxide. The effect of the solvent of I was investigated. The improvement of the wet crease recovery obtained by treatments under wet conditions was in the order, water>methanol>ethanol>iso-propanol>acetone>dioxane>tetrahydofuran>benzene.
The effect of combination of the epoxide-treatment and the conventional resin finishing with DMDHEU was also studied. When resin-finished fabric fabrics were followed by the epoxide-treatment under wet conditions, high dry and wet crease recovery angles resistant to washing and higher retention in tear strength was achieved.
The reactions involved in the treatments described above are discussed in connection with the change in the fabric properties as a result of the treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1172K) -
Junzo Masamoto, Chihiro Oizumi, Hidehiko Kobayashi1970 Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 138-144
Published: March 10, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to improve the mechanical properties of nylon 3 fibers, especially to increase tensile elongation, the heat treatment were investigated. By treating drawn nylon 3 fibers in such media as hot silicone oil and hot air which were thought to have no interaction with polyamides, elongational properties were not improved. However, by treating the drawn nylon 3 fibers in such media as hot water, steam and hot glycerine which were thought to have some interaction with poly amides, elongational properties were improved. Further, the effects of spinning conditions, especially drawing conditions on the elongational properties of heat treated fibers were investigated. With increased drawing temperature and draw ratio, shrinkage of nylon 3 in boiling water was decreased. From these results a mechanism of hot water treatment of nylon 3 fibers was proposed. Mechanical properties of nylon 3 fibers obtained by heat treatment were as follows: strength; 2-3g/d, elongation; 20-30% Young's modulus; 800-1200kg/mm2.
The copolymerization of nylon 3 and its wet spinning were also investigated to improve the mechanical properties. Relations between mechanical properties of nylon 3 fibers and its copolymer composition of nylon 3 fibers were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (455K)
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