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Successor
Volume 32, Issue 12
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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KENZO FUSEGAWA1976 Volume 32 Issue 12 Pages P445-P453
Published: December 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (606K) -
AKIO FURUYA1976 Volume 32 Issue 12 Pages P454-P458
Published: December 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (426K) -
Teruo Hori, Yoji Oida, Kenji Hira, Toru Shimizu1976 Volume 32 Issue 12 Pages T507-T514
Published: December 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reactions of a dichlorotriazinyl reactive dye with three amino acids (glycine, ε-aminocaproic acid and its dimer) in water was studied in the pH 2 to 12, as a fundamental investigation of the reactive dyeing of nylon.
The results obtained were explained in terms of the second-order rate constants. From the estimation of the pH-dependence of the reactions it was concluded that the amino acids used existed in the form of zwitter ion at the pH of each isoelectric point. In acidic solutions the second-order rate constants increased with decreasing pH because of the formation of more reactive protonated dye. In contrast to low yields of products in the reactions of the dye with amino acids in acidic solutions, the highest fixation on nylon was found near pH 3-4, provably because of the high amount of adsorbed dye.View full abstractDownload PDF (541K) -
Chizuko Yatome, Yoshimi Takase1976 Volume 32 Issue 12 Pages T514-T517
Published: December 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe proton chemical shifts of water were measured in solutions of mixtures of quaternary ammonium salts (Me4NCl and Me3BeNCl) and metal chlorides (LiCl, KCl, CsCl and MgCl2) as a function of the metal chloride molality. Two additivity rules were examined: (1) eq. (1) which evaluates the contribution of the metal salt by the actual concentration in the mixture solution. where Δν′_??_ means the difference between the chemical shifts of the mixture solution and the reference ammonium salt solution, a1, b1 are the constants, x1 is the mole fraction of the metal chloride and mt is the molality of the salt mixture in solution, and (2) eq. (2) which evaluates the metal salt contribution per mole by the total concentration of the salt mixture. The difference, Δν′_??_, for the mixtures including Me4NCl was explained by rule (2), but not by rule (1). On the other hand, the difference for the mixtures including Me3BeNCl was not accounted for by either rule. We suggest that this divergence may be related to Me3BeN+-Me3BeN+ interaction in the relevant solutions.View full abstractDownload PDF (276K) -
Toru Takagishi, Koichi Imajo, Nobuhiko Kuroki1976 Volume 32 Issue 12 Pages T518-T523
Published: December 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe binding of methyl orange, ethyl orange, and propyl orange by polycations involving various apolar pendant groups has been investigated in thee presence of sodium chloride by the equilibrium dialysis method. The polycations used in this experiment were copolymer of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and sulfur dioxide (PAS-1), copolymer of diethyldliallylammonium chloride and sulfur dioxide (PAS-2), and copolymer of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and sulfur dioxide (80%)-methyldodecylbenzyldiallylammonium chloride and sulfur dioxide (20%) (PAS-4). The first binding constants and the thermodynamic parameters for the binding were calculated in various concentrations of NaCl in order to clarify the effects of the salt on the binding behaviors and to gain some insight into the nature of binding energy.
It was found that the first binding constants decrease with an increase in the salt concentration and tend to approach a constant value above 1.0 mole NaCl. This might be due to the shielding of the electric field around the binding system on addition of the salt and the competition between the dye anion and Cl- ion for loci of cationic attachment on the polymer molecules. Therefore, it is likely that the electrostatic force in the binding decreases with increasing salt concentration and then disappears around 1.0 mole NaCl or above. Thus, the electrostatic force for the binding of methyl orange by PAS-2 was estimated to be -3210 cal and the other binding forces -4980 cal. The hydrophobic interaction in addition to the electrostatic one seems to play an important role in the binding. The change in conformation of the polymer induced by the addition of the salt and the effect of the conformational change on the binding forces are discussed. Also the intrinsic binding constant of the polycation for Cl- ion was evaluated from a binding isotherm introduced for two competitive binding species, dye anion and Cl- ion.View full abstractDownload PDF (437K) -
Toyoko Sakai, Keizo Miyasaka, Kinzo Ishikawa1976 Volume 32 Issue 12 Pages T524-T529
Published: December 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dye penetration coefficient of C. I. Disperse Red 15 in PET fiber was measured as a function of extension given to the fiber in dyeing, and the following results were obtained; The penetration coefficient remarkably increased with increasing extension. In order to explain the effect of the extension on the rate of diffusion of dye, the density and the intensity of small angle x-ray diffraction were also measured as a function of the extension. The changes of both of them strongly suggest that the density of the amorphous region decreased by extension, implying that the remarkable increase in the rate of diffusion of dye may be due to the increase in the free volume with extension. The change in the specific volume with the extension was calculated from the changes in the density and the small angle x-ray intensity. Specific volume calculated from the intensity was greater than that from the density. The increase in the specific volume thus estimated from the density was reduced into the temperature increase by use of the thermal expansion coefficient of the fiber. The penetration coefficient assumed from the temperature thus estimated, by use of W. L. F. relation for the temperature dependence of diffusion of the dye in the fiber, was much larger than that actually observed. From these results it was concluded that the remarkable increase in the rate of dye diffusion is attributable to the increase in free volume by extension, although the increase in the free volume effective for diffusion of dye seems smaller than that expected from the increase in the specific volume of the fiber.View full abstractDownload PDF (409K) -
Fukashi Shimizu, Kyohei Jyoko, Ikuzo Sakaguchi1976 Volume 32 Issue 12 Pages T529-T534
Published: December 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe adsorption of chromium(VI) from potassium bichromate solutions on the silk fibroin fiber was investigated. The following results were obtained:
1) The amounts of adsorbed Cr(VI) decreased with elevating pH of treating solutions. This decreases were arised from electrostatic repulsion between Cr(VI) anions and charged silk negatively, because the charges of silk become negative with elevating pH.
2) Most of the adsorbed Cr(VI) on the silk were desorbed by washing with distillated water or N/100 NaOH solution. But the Cr(III) resulted from the reduction of Cr(Vl) in the silk at 80°C were not desorbed.
3) The adsorption isotherms of Cr(VI) were showed by Freundlich's equation at 25°C where the side reaction of Cr(VI)→Cr(III) did not occur.
4) The initially adsorbed amount of Cr decreased with elevating temperature due to the elevated pH of Cr(VI) solution and Cr(VI)→Cr(III) side reaction.
5) The second step adsorption of Cr at 60°C and 80°C was recognized to be of Fickian type.View full abstractDownload PDF (369K) -
Toshinari Nakajima, Hitomi Hattori, Atsuko Uno1976 Volume 32 Issue 12 Pages T535-T539
Published: December 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was suggested in our preceding paper that water sorption for acrylonitrile(AN)/acrylamide(AAm) random copolymers behaved as the ideal mixtures of the corresponding homopolymers, whereas that for polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/polyacrylamide(PAAm) blends were affected by hydrogen bonds between CONH2 groups at low relative humidities.
In the present paper, this effect of hydrogen bonds between polar groups on water sorption of acrylic polymers was ascertained using PAN/poly N, N-dimethylacrylamide (PDMAAm) blends which had no interchain hydrogen bonds.
Plots of equilibrium water sorption values at each relative humidity against polymer composition showed that PAN/PDMAAm blends had the same sorptive capacity as the ideal mixtures over the whole range of humidity examined. Nm obtained by B. E. T. plots were converted into the number of water molecules per a polar group. It was shown that these values of Nm were constant at every composition of polymers, so the sorptive site of a polar group was constant in this system.
Clustering function G11/V1 of homopolymers and blends were less than minus one as the same at low relative humidities, which is interpreted in terms of localized sorption of water molecules on specific polymer site. And in this range of humidity the values of φ1G12/V1 were larger as compared to the corresponding values of φ1G11/V1 for PAN/PDMAAm blends and AN/AAm copolymers, whereas φ1G12/V1 were smaller than φ1G11/V1 for PAN/PAAm blends.View full abstractDownload PDF (298K) -
Noriko Choji, Mikio Karasawa, Hitoshi Nagasawa1976 Volume 32 Issue 12 Pages T540-T545
Published: December 10, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA solution is given for unsteady state concentration distribution of diffusing substance in an infinitely long circular cylinder around an impermeable rod. In the case in which the circular cylinder has zero initial concentration and the surface r=b is maintained at constant C0 for t>0 while the other surface r=a is impermeable, the equations for the concentration are where D is diffusion coefficient.
The final result is where Jm and Ym are Bessel functions of the first and second kind respectively, of order m (m=0, 1) and βn are the positive roots of
The expression for the amount of diffusing substance entering the circular cylinder in time t is given by
The curves of C/C0 and Mt/M∞ are plotted for different values of a/b. It seems that the diffusion in the circular cylinder is approximated by that in a plane sheet with thickness 2(b-a) when the value of a/b is larger than 0.95.
Dye concentration distributions in nylon 6 were obtained by a film roll on a glass rod. The concentration distributions agreed with the theoretical curves calculated from eq. (5).View full abstractDownload PDF (314K)
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