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Volume 34, Issue 10
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YOSHIHIKO MIYASHITA, YOSHINOBU MUTA1978 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages P312-P318
Published: October 10, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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HIROAKI YANAGIDA, TADAO SHIMIZU1978 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages P319-P322
Published: October 10, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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EIJI HORIE1978 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages P323-P330
Published: October 10, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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SHOGO SAITO1978 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages P331-P336
Published: October 10, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Tsuyoshi Kiyotsukuri, Yasumichi Miura1978 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages T435-T441
Published: October 10, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNylon 6T-66 and nylon 6T-610 copolymers in which T denotes terephthalic acid were prepared by interfacial copolycondensation in CCl4 or CHCl3 solvent. Film specimens were made by casting the copolymers from dichloroacetic acid solutions. It is supposed from DTA and X-ray analyses for the film specimens that the copolymers prepared in CCl4 have longer block sequences than those prepared in CHCl3, and that nylon 6T-66 copolymers are isomorphous. Effects of longer block sequence are observed in the following phenomena; smaller increase in dynamic modulus at 40°C, smaller decrease in half width and smaller increase in maximum value of primary dispersion. Effects of isomorphism are observed in the following phenomena; decrease in dynamic modulus at 40°C, increase in temperature and half width and decrease in maximum value of primary dispersion. Nylon 6T-66 copolymer prepared in CCl4 has relatively high dynamic modulus, which suggests the usefulness of isomorphous copolymer having long block sequence.View full abstractDownload PDF (460K) -
Atsushi Kawai1978 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages T442-T446
Published: October 10, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to make clear the salting out effect of inorganic salts in the wet spinning of viscose fibers, coagulating effect of various inorganic salts in the spinning of polynosic fibers was studied.
By the method previously reported, effects on stretching and deswelling of viscose filaments of Na2SO4, K2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, NaCl and NaNO3 were investigated.
In the case of the sulfates, the coagulation of viscose filaments in earlier stage was suppressed with increasing salt concentration, and the suppression effect of salts became less as the salting out ability was larger. As for NaCl and NaNO3, coagulation in earlier stage was promoted with increasing salt concentration in the order of the salting out ability.
As for the deswelling of viscose filaments in the latter stage, sulfates suppressed the deswelling in lower concentration and promoted it in higher concentration. In this case, the salts of high salting out ability showed high deswelling effect.
On the contrary to sulfates, chloride and nitrate promoted deswelling in the latter stage in low concentration. However they suppressed the deswelling in higher concentration, and such trend was more marked in the salt of high salting out ability.View full abstractDownload PDF (335K) -
Takeaki Miyamoto, Masao Sugitani, Hiraku Ito, Fumio Taki, Hiroshi Inag ...1978 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages T447-T454
Published: October 10, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSorption behavior of heavy metal ions by various kerateine gels, whose thiol groups were substituted with different groups, were investigated. For this purpose, the thiol groups of kerateine gels were modified by (i) functional residues with chelate-forming or ion-binding nature, (ii) residues with large group moments, and (iii) non-specific alkyl groups. In acid media, the sorption behavior of Hg2+ by these kerateine gels depended strongly on the substituent introduced, although introduction of any substituent could cause no appreciable increase in the uptake. The results were discussed in relation to the chemical structure of kerateine gels. On the other hand, prominent increases in the Hg2+ uptake were observed for all types of kerateine gels independent of their substituent, when the pH of medium goes from neutral to alkaline. The sorption isotherms of Hg2+ observed at pH 9.0 for S-alkyl kerateine gels were almost the same as that for the thiol-type gel. A series of experiments on Hg2+ desorption from the gel showed that the sorption characteristics of S-substituted kerateine gels were more advantageous than that of the thiol-type gel from the standpoint of recovering Hg2+ once sorbed by the kerateine gel. In addition, it was found that the sorption behavior of some metal ions, i. e., Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+, varied to some extent with the substituents introduced, although all types of kerateine gels exhibited predominantly higher uptakes for Hg2+ than those for these metal ions.View full abstractDownload PDF (501K) -
Masuhiro Tsukada, Kiyoshi Hirabayashi, Tadashi Komoto, Tohru Kawai1978 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages T455-T458
Published: October 10, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe structure of liquid proteins in the silk gland was studied by means of solution viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy of the eluded proteins in water as a function of the extraction time. The viscosity of the extract was quite low up to the extraction time of 0.5hr. The extract obtained in this stage gave the same DSC curve and IR spectrum as those of low molecular weight sericin, indicating that the silk sericin fraction was gradually extracted. In the subsequent stage of the extraction, the solution viscosity increased abruptly due to the elusion of high molecular weight fibroin. Indeed, the DSC and IR data indicated that the silk fibroin fraction in the extract increased with the increasing extraction time.View full abstractDownload PDF (303K) -
Atsushi Kawai1978 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages T459-T465
Published: October 10, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelationships between coagulating bath conditions and stretching and deswelling behaviors of polynosic filaments in coagulating baths of the wet spinning was studied. Diameter, velocity distribution and volume of the filaments were measured using the methods previously reported.
The results are summarized as follows.
(1) Stretching point of the filament (positions where stretching of the viscose filaments takes place) gets near to the spinnerette surface as H2SO4 concentration in coagulating bath becomes higher. Deswelling of the filament is accelerated by higher H2SO4 concentration.
(2) Addition of Na2SO4 makes the stretching point of the filament more distant from the spinnerette surface. Relatively low concentration of Na2SO4 suppresses deswelling of the filament, but higher concentration of Na2SO4 accelerates the deswelling.
(3) Small amount of ZnSO4 makes the stretching point of the filament near to the spinnerette surface markedly. ZnSO4 accelerates the deswelling at the early stage and suppresses at the later stage.
(4) When formaldehyde is added to the coagulating bath, stretching point of the filament gets near to the spinnerette surface. The deswelling is accelerated slightly.
(5) Higher γ-value of viscose makes the stretching point of the filament near to the spinnerette surface.
Comparing the changes in the diameter, velocity and volume of the filament, it was found that the decrease of the diameter of the filament in the early stage was attributed to the stretching of the filaments, whereas the decrease in the later stage was attributed to the deswelling of the filament. Conversely, one can estimate the stretching and the deswelling behaviors separately from the diameters of the filament, if they are measured accurately.View full abstractDownload PDF (416K) -
Haruko Sasano, Tohru Kawai1978 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages T466-T468
Published: October 10, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this note we try to clarify the reason why the X-ray long period decreases with annealing time in the case of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The “amorphous” PET films annealed at 140 and 210°C, respectively, were treated with monoethylamine at 30°C for 24hrs. and their X-ray long periods before and after the treatment were measured. From these results we deduced in explanation of the abnormal behaviors that the amorphous materials occluded among the lamellae are squeezed out in the direction of the lamellar growth and crystallized slowly in the course of the annealing.View full abstractDownload PDF (191K) -
Isamu Hashimoto1978 Volume 34 Issue 10 Pages T469-T473
Published: October 10, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of solvent properties on the swelling and solution behaviors of various polymers were investigated in terms of the three dimensional solubility parameter concept. The balance of solubility parameters are represented by f-values which are defined as follows, where δd stands for the component due to dispersion forces, δh the component due to hydrogen bonding and δp the component due to polar forces.
By considering the balance of three dimensional solubility parameters a considerably improved correlation was obtained between f-values and the extent of interactions of solvent molecules with polymers. The f-values are correlated with the substantial solvent-polymer interactions too, e. g. fd for polypropylene, fh for nylon 6 and fp for polyacrylonitrile have a great influence on their swelling and solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (237K)
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