Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
Volume 34, Issue 5
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
  • KENZO KOSAKA
    1978 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages P155-P161
    Published: May 10, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • REISUKE OKADA
    1978 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages P162-P167
    Published: May 10, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • TSUNEO BETSUNO
    1978 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages P168-P172
    Published: May 10, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • HIROSHI NAKANO
    1978 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages P173-P177
    Published: May 10, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Masayuki Hayashi, Tetsuya Sakai, Nobuya Kuroda, Yoshito Miura
    1978 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages T193-T200
    Published: May 10, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was attempted to relate the liquid capillary flow through a yarn with its structural factors. The flow around a fiber was divided into several sections, and an appropriate distribution function of velocity in each section was assumed. The distributions of distances and angles between fibers were supposed to follow the Poisson distribution. The total flow was calculated by this model.
    The samples used were low twist yarn and high twist yarn of poly (ethylene telephthalate). One end of the yarn was soaked into 5% aqueous NaCl solution and the rest of the yarn was placed horizontally between two press edges. The permeation rate of the salt solution was measured by contact pins embedded in the lower press edge at 5mm intervals. The load on the yarn ranged from 0.5 to 6.0kg/cm.
    For the low twist yarn, the experimental total flow agreed well with that calculated from the total flux of all sections. For the high twist yarn, the value calculated from the average of each section agreed with the experimental one.
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  • Mitsunobu Chino, Megumu Suzuki
    1978 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages T201-T206
    Published: May 10, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In designing the weaving of fancy fabrics, it is important to forecast accurately the shrinkage, which is influenced by the yarn count, the weaving density and the warp or weft yarn tension. In this paper, these factors are investigated theoretically and experimentally on fancy fabrics of cotton and wool.
    The results obtained are as follows:
    1) The fabric shrinkage increases with decreasing the warp yarn tension or with decreasing both the weft yarn tension and the weaving density of weft.
    2) It increases with decreasing the bending resistance and the yarn diameter.
    3) It increases with increasing the deformation of the yarn cross section and with the crosspoint number in the woven structure.
    4) The shrinkage of fancy fabrics ε, can be represented by the following expression: where, λ is the difference of yarn intervals in on-loom and off-loom fabrics, Kr2 and Kc2 are the densities per 1cm of non-bent and bent sections of the off-loom fabric respectively, m and n are the numbers of non-bent and bent sections per 1 perfection of the fabric respectively, and ψ is the shrinkage ratio of the on-loom fabric.
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  • Noriko Choji, Mikio Karasawa
    1978 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages T207-T211
    Published: May 10, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Concentration distributions of dyes in composite film rolls are measured in the non-steady state. The composite film roll, which is used as a model of a composite membrane, is in the form of laminations of substrates A and B alternating with each other. We shall designate it as a repeating composite.
    The films used are nylon 6, PET, and cellulose diacetate. P-aminoazobenzene and 1, 4-diamino-anthraquinone are used as dyes.
    The original concentration profiles in the repeating composites show very intricate shapes. Smooth profiles, however, are obtained by the plots of the concentration per repeating unit, and apparent diffusion coefficient Dc and surface dye concentration Ccs are evaluated by means of Sekido and Matsui's method.
    The Dc agreed with the over-all diffusion coefficient Ds which is proposed by Ash et al.7) considering the partition of dye between A and B. It is found that the Ccs is the equilibrium concentration of the dye in the repeating composite.
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  • Toshihiko Ogawa, Eiichi Idaka, Tatsuhiro Kumazaki
    1978 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages T212-T215
    Published: May 10, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The waste waters of industries that is drained in the municipal sewage plants bring often about the lowering of the purificatory ability because of the toxic properties for the microbes in the activated sludge. In order to elucide these toxic properties of the components in the waste water, the oxygen uptake rates of the microbes were measured in the media containing aromatic compounds such as anilines, phenols, naphtholsulphonic acids or acid azo dyes, and thereby the effects of the substituents of these compounds on the respiratory inhibition were investigated. The results are as follows. All of the compounds used are inhibitory to the respiration of the microbes in the activated sludge. The introduction of some substituents e. g. -CH3, -NO2, -SO3H, -COOH etc. to the compounds or the replacement of the benzene ring by the naphthalene ring weakens the inhibition, while the introduction of -Cl or -Br strengthens it.
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  • Toru Masuko, Yoshio Homma, Mikio Karasawa
    1978 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages T216-T224
    Published: May 10, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A sublimative desorption study of model disperse dyes, p-nitroaniline (PNA), p-amino-azobenzene (PAAB) in polyvinylacetate has been carried out with dye content from 0.01 to 0.25 in g-dye/g-polymer. The desorption temperature ranged from 80 to 130°C. The apparent diffusion coefficients of these dyes increased linearly with an increase in dye concentration; diffusion of PNA showed much stronger concentration dependence than that of PAAB. These features of dye diffusivity could be explained quantitatively in terms of Fujita's free volume theory of diffusion. On the other hand, increasing dye concentration had an effect on lowering the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the colored polymer. Both depression of Tg and increase in dye diffusivity with dye concentration were considered as resulting from the same functional increase in fractional free volume in polymer-dye mixture with increasing dye content.
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  • Isamu Hashimoto
    1978 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages T225-T231
    Published: May 10, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of ten steaming media and hot-air on the diffusion coefficient of C. I. Disperse Red 17 in nylon 6, poly (ethylene terephthalate) and cellulose triacetate film were investigated from a viewpoint of the Williams-Landel-Ferry equation (WLF-equation). The diffusion coefficient was determined by the film-roll method. Following results were obtained.
    (1) In the cases of steaming and hot-air, temperature dependence of the dye diffusion coefficient obeys a WLF equation which has been observed for the diffusion of disperse dye in organic solvent dyeing. The values of constants in the WLF equation, C1 and C2, are the same values as in the organic solvent dyeing.
    (2) The standard temperature varies with the solvent species. The effects of solvents on the dye diffusion coefficient are explained in terms of the lowering of standard temperature due to the lowering of glass transition temperature of polymer by absorbing the solvent in steaming.
    (3) At any temperature, the difference of the dye diffusion coefficients in the steamed and solvent dyed polymer is correlated with the vapour pressure of the solvents, showing a decrease with increasing the vapour pressure of the solvents.
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  • Shinji Ogasawara, Masayasu Ishiyama, Shigetaka Kuroiwa
    1978 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages T232-T235
    Published: May 10, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effect of the change in the fine structure of nylon 6 film treated with tannic acid on the diffusion of monoazo acid dyes was investigated. Orange II (C. I. Acid Orange 7) and Diacid Supra Red 3 B (C. I. Acid Red 35) were used.
    The apparent diffusion coefficients of these dyes (Dapp) in the nylon were measured by means of the steady diffusion method in the temperature range 40 to 85°C.
    The activation energy of the dye diffusion (E) evaluated from the slope of Arrhenius plot of Dapp showed a break at a temperature (Tα) characterized by nature of the dye and tannic acid content in nylon 6.
    For both dyes, Dapp decreased and E increased as the tannic acid content in the nylon 6 was increased. These results were associated with retardation of the dye diffusion. However, while the glass transition temperature, Tg, was elevated, Tα was lowered as the tannic acid content was increased. This phenomenon was discussed in terms of the change in the fine structure of the amorphous region in the nylon 6.
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