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34 巻, 7 号
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生物学的機能と生合成小倉 協三1978 年 34 巻 7 号 p. P221-P228
発行日: 1978/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (667K) -
中野 詔彦, 長谷川 澄子1978 年 34 巻 7 号 p. T285-T294
発行日: 1978/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe relation between some mechanical properties and mechanism of the fracture of polystyrene has been studied by the morphological observation of the fracture surface when molecular weight, temperature and strain rate have been changed.
The morphology of fracture surface varies with the molecular weight, temperature and strain rate. The area of mirror region becomes larger as the temperature becomes higher and has a maximum value at certain temperature, covering all the fracture surface. The temperature, at which this maximum is observed, is shifted to higher one with the molecular weight of polystyrene and is depressed with lowering the strain rate. The maximum becomes distinct with the molecular weight.
The depression of the tensile strength with the temperature becomes more pronounced with the molecular weight and the strain rate. These tensile strength behaviors are well explained on the basis of the morphological observation on the fracture surface.
The elongation of polystyrene is found to be more closely related with the morphological observation. With the occurrence of crazes, the elongation goes down until it reaches a minimum value, where all the fracture surface becomes the mirror region, i.e., covered with crazes. The effects of temperature, the molecular weight and the strain rate on the elongational behavior are also discussed in terms of the morphological observations.
Summarizing these results, it is found that the tensile strength and the elongation of polystyrene are reasonably correlated with detailed morphological observations on the fracture.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3931K) -
藤倉 嘉昭, 鈴木 孝制, 松本 昌一1978 年 34 巻 7 号 p. T295-T300
発行日: 1978/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe thermal radiation of polymers depends on their chemical structures and a composite of two polymers with different chemical structures shows complicated thermal radiation behaviour.
This paper describes the effects of the kinds of component homopolymers and their ratios in the polymer composite on the thermal radiation.
The polymer composite is classified according to i_??_frared absorption spectra of each component:
1) One component has a strong, broad absorption spectrum and the other component a weak, narrow one in the same frequency range. An example is a composite of polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene. The thermal radiation of the composite of this type shows predominantly the effect of the strongly absorbing component.
2) Each component has the strong absorption spectrum in different bands, e.g., a composite of nylon-6 and polydimethyl siloxane. Thermal radiation of such composite is larger than the thermal radiation of each component because of the thickness effect.
3) The absorption spectrum of each component polymer is located in almost the same band, e.g., a composite of polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl chloride. The thermal radiation of such composite varies approximately in proportion to the component ratio.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (384K) -
野飼 享, 野沢 安治, 鳴海 裕1978 年 34 巻 7 号 p. T301-T309
発行日: 1978/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーFiber assemblies are used as insulating or lagging materials in addition to the use for clothings and bedclothes. Hence the analysis of the heat transfer property is important. In this paper, the temperature distributions in the fiber assemblies put between heated vertically parallel two plates are measured, and the free-convectional heat transfer in them is analysed in terms of the numerical solution of proper equations. The following matters are clarified.
(1) The temperature distribution in fiber assemblies is approximately parabolic, and it approaches to uniform one with the increase in the vertical distance (X/L).
(2) The mean heat transfer coefficient increases with the decrease of the volumetric percentage of fiber or the temperature ratio between two heated plates, R.
(3) With the decrease in (kx/bl) Gr. Pr, the mean Nusselt number decreases and approaches to (1-R).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1220K) -
永田 実, 清造 剛, 内野 規人1978 年 34 巻 7 号 p. T310-T315
発行日: 1978/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPolyamides were prepared from 2, 5-dibromoterephthalic acid (TBr2) with hexamethylenediamine, piperadine, p-phenylenediamine or 4, 4′-diaminodiphenylether. Polyesters were also prepared from TBr2 with bisphenol-A or ethylene glycol. Synthesis and properties of these polymers were compared with homologous polymers prepared from terephthalic acid (T) or 2, 5-dichloroterephthalic acid (TCl2) in order to investigate the effect of halogen substitution.
ηsp/C decreased in the order for polymers from T>TCl2>TBr2 by low temperature solution polymerization, and T>TBr2>TCl2 by interfacial polymerization. Melting point decreased in the order for polyamides from T>TBr2>TCl2, and polyesters from T>TCl2>TBr2. TG curves of polymers from TBr2 showed lower decomposition temperature and higher residue than those of polymers from T or TCl2. Self-ignition temperature increased remarkably by halogen substitution especially for polyamides, and polymers from TBr2 showed longer ignition lag than polymers from TCl2. Polyesters from TBr2 had better solubility to organic solvents than polyesters from TCl2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (367K) -
新宅 救徳, 吉村 元一, 岩木 信男1978 年 34 巻 7 号 p. T316-T322
発行日: 1978/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーA portion of yarn is unwound from the rotating bobbin when yarn breaks in the spinning, the doubling and the covering process. This portion is called the lashing-end and the distance from the center to the free extremity is called the lashing-end radius, which is related to the bobbin radius, air-drag and centrifugal force. These relations are investigated by Mack and Smart on the assumption that air-drag per unit length is K times the square of the normal component of air velocity and acts in the same direction. For discussing fully the effect of air-drag on the shape of the lashing-end curve, the theoretical and the experimental investigation of the curve should be carried out. The theoretical lashing-end curve is compared with those of cotton 30s, 60s, twisted polyester yarn 250 den and thick nylon yarn 1420 den on the tangential coordinate and the following results are obtained.
(1) By plotting the length of the perpendicular from the center to the tangent at the radius against the radius, the influence of air-drag on the shape of the lashing-end curve can be found easily. The actual curve on the polar coordinate can be obtained by using an approximate equation.
(2) K for cotton yarn decreased with increasing radius. K for twisted polyester yarn and thick nylon yarn increased in the vicinity of the free extremity.
(3) The relations between the lashing-end curve and air-drag coefficient are investigated for the point which locates at 0.7 times the lashing-end radius. The effective diameter for air-drag of cotton 30s is 1.8 times as large as the yarn diameter measured by a profile projector.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (409K) -
加藤 弘1978 年 34 巻 7 号 p. T323-T330
発行日: 1978/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe penetration of acid dyes in silk fibroin gut with circular cross section was studied. The dye penetration coefficient (p) was determined by measuring the penetration distance (X) in dyed gut section by means of a microspectrophotometer using the following equation,
where t is the dyeing time.
The results obtained were as follows:
(1) The penetration distance was proportionate to the square root of dyeing time except for prolonged dyeing.
(2) The penetration distance was affected remarkably by dyeing temperature, and also was very much dependent on dye species. However, in the apparent activation energy of penetration, there was no large difference among the dyes giving 6-8kcal/mol.
(3) The penetration coefficients of A. Orange 7, A. Food Yellow 3 and A. Red 18 increased with the decrease in dye-bath pH, but the coefficient of A. Red 88 remained unchanged. The penetration coefficient of A. Red 18 increased with the dye concentration in the dye-bath.
(4) For dyes having the same sulphonic acid group number, the penetration coefficients decreased with increasing molecular weight or the number of atoms, or with decreasing inorganic/organic ratio of the dyes.
Comparison of the penetration coefficients of the dyes with the same bone structure, indicated that the coefficient decreased with the number of sulphonic acid groups, the extent of which were much different for pH above or below 4.0.
(5) If great care is taken in uniform thickness of cross sections, it was found possible to obtain the diffusion coefficient D(c) through this experimental technique. The diffusion coefficient of A. Red 18 was observed to be dependent on dye concentration within the gut.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1924K) -
梶 加名子, 岡田 紀夫1978 年 34 巻 7 号 p. T331-T335
発行日: 1978/07/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーChlorinated polyester fabric with upto 20% chlorine content was prepared by irradiating the fabric in chlorine gas at about atmospheric pressure with γ-rays at room temperature.
When the chlorinated fabrics were subjected to an alkali-treatment such as heating up to 100°C in aqueous solution of sodium carbonate, it caused, more or less, a weight loss and a decrease in mechanical strength of the fabrics. The extent of damage of the fabrics was dependent on the condition of alkali-treating. The chlorinated fabrics after any alkali-treatment, however, exhibited improved dye-uptake. Hygroscopicity of the treated fabric was examined by measuring wicking time, which decreased considerably by the alkali-treatment after the chlorination, indicating increased hygroscopicity.
Scanning electron microscopic observation of the fabric before and after the alkali-treatment revealed that a large number of pores (the size up to 10μ) were formed by the treatment on the surface of the fabric. Enhancement of the dye-uptake and improvement of hygroscopicity may be at least partially attributed to the formation of these pores by the alkali-treatment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2247K)
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