繊維学会誌
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
35 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1~8を表示しています
  • インテリア,建材分野
    工藤 要一, 吉田 浩一
    1979 年 35 巻 2 号 p. P45-P49
    発行日: 1979/02/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 諸岡 英雄
    1979 年 35 巻 2 号 p. P50-P55
    発行日: 1979/02/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 小西 孝, 丹生 由幸, 黒川 昌孝
    1979 年 35 巻 2 号 p. T53-T58
    発行日: 1979/02/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The changes from α to γ structure of nylon 6 filaments by iodine were studied. Drawn nylon 6 filament was immersed in an iodine-potassium iodide aqueous solution and the sorbed iodine was washed out from the nylon with acetone-water, methanol-water and acetone-methanol solvents.
    The crystal structure of nylon 6 changed from α to γ form. The filaments were investigated by the measurements of density, weight loss and wide and small angle Xray scattering (WAXS and SAXS) to make clear the γ form structure.
    WAXS patterns showed that the crystal structure of γ nylon 6 filaments were not affected by the nature of desorption solvents, condition of water rinsing and drying. But the density and SAXS observations revealed that they caused structural variations such as micro void formation and disorientation of crystallites. When γ nylon 6 filaments were further rinsed in water, the micro voids disappeared, the density increased to a constant density, 1.134 (g/cm3), and SAXS pattern changed to distinct meridian interference patterns.
  • 福原 節雄, 鈴木 康雄, 桑山 長三, 勝島 憲治, 町田 守久
    1979 年 35 巻 2 号 p. T59-T66
    発行日: 1979/02/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    (1) The tensile strength and ηinh of Kevlar tire cord decreased markedly by steam-heat treatment above about 160°C for 1 hr., but they did not change by dry-heat treatment at 200°C for 1 hr. The specific gravity increased with the increase in treating temperature. From these results, it was concluded that the decrease in the degree of polymerization by hydrolysis and the change of fine structure of the steam-heat treated Kevlar tire cords are the causes for the decrease in the tensile strength and fatigue resistance.
    (2) Heat shrinkage of Kevlar tire cords was lower than that of nylon 6, polyester and rayon tire cords. Change of X-ray wide angle diffraction pattern in steam-heat treated (tensionless state) Kevlar filaments was very small as compared with that of nylon 6 filaments. On the other hand, we found by DTA and TGA analysis that the decomposition of Kevlar begins at about 500°C and it decomposes at about 605 C. From these results, it was considered that the change of entropy (ΔS) in Kevlar by heat is very small as compared with that of nylon 6, because the molecular conformation of Kevlar is in trans-form and has extended-chain structure with very little flexibility.
    (3) a: We observed the fibrillation of Kevlar filaments at the fracture after fatigue test and also at the broken area of the Kevlar tire cords which were tested after steam- and dry-heat treatments by the tensile strength test.
    b: Fatigue resistance increased with increasing twist of Kevlar tire cords, but the tensile strength decreased with increasing twist.
    c: During fatigue test, the temperature of the air in rubber tube samples which contain Kevlar tire cords was lower than that of polyester tire cords and was equal to that of nylon 6 tire cords.
  • 河合 厚, 小田 孝則
    1979 年 35 巻 2 号 p. T67-T73
    発行日: 1979/02/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Relationship between stretching conditions and morphology of filaments containing s-hydroxymethyl cellulose xanthate (HMCX) was studied. Unstretched coagulated filaments showed uniformly skin stained cross section. After being stretched in hot water bath under low tension, they showed heterostructural cross section like bicomponent fibers. However when they are stretched under high tension, uniform skin-core structure was formed. The heterostructure was emphasized by relaxing the filaments in a bath which had a swelling effect to HMCX, and a new polynosic fiber having many microcrimps was obtained. (experimental name Fiber “C-311”)
    Differential staining of the fiber showed that the portion of the fiber which gave core staining was located inside of the curl. (“Core inside type”). The three dimensional microcrimps of fiber “C-311” was found to straighten out when the fiber was immersed in water and then recovered after drying the fiber again.
    The skin-core structure of conventional crimped rayon was formed in the coagulating bath and little change was observed by stretching. Horio and Kondo showed that the portion of core-staining was located outside the curl in the case of conventional crimped rayon stretched in hot water bath. (“core outside type”). However it was found that crimps of “core inside type” were obtained in the conventional crimped rayon when the filament was stretched in air. The crimps of conventional crimped rayon did not show water reversibility irrespective of “core outside” or “core inside” type.
    Fiber “C-311” showed mechanical and fine structural characteristics equivalent to those of conventional polynosic fibers.
  • Akira Kai
    1979 年 35 巻 2 号 p. T74-T79
    発行日: 1979/02/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Through measurements of GPC and viscosity, characterization was determined for nitrated samples from hydrolyzed residues of cotton which had been treated with alkali solution of various concentrations. A comparative investigation was carried out on the results with cotton, Valonia and ramie and inquiry was directed toward the differences in their cellulose chain morphologies and their fine structures.
    In all cases, the hydrolyzed residues of cotton, disregarding the conditions of alkali pre-treatment, gave unimodal distribution curves. These peaks shifted to the lower molecular weight side as the alkali concentration in the pre-treatment became high. In addition at the very beginning of the hydrolysis reaction of partially mercerized samples, there were, temporarily, considerable shiftings in their distribution curves to the lower molecular weight side. That is to say, the position of the peak corresponding to the sample hydrolyzed for 30 minutes was on the lower molecular weight side in comparison to the peak for the sample treated for a period of 60 minutes. Moreover, as the time duration for hydrolysis became longer, the peak gradually shifted to the lower molecular weight side.
    Except for about a 2% higher alkali concentration as the initial condition of mercerization, the results with cotton were almost the same as those on ramie; however, they were completely different from those on Valonia.
  • 梶 加名子, 大倉 啓, 岡田 紀夫
    1979 年 35 巻 2 号 p. T80-T89
    発行日: 1979/02/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    For the purpose of making polyethylene terephthalate (polyester) fabric, flame-retardant grafting of oligomeric vinyl phosphonate was carried out using electron-beams either from a Van de Graaff or a Transformer-Rectifier type accelerator at a dose rate of up to 3.3×106 rad/sec.
    The fabric impregnated with a selected amount of oligomer was irradiated for the grafting. In the present report “grafting” means only an apparent one and it is very probable that most of the oligomer is deposited on the surface of the fibers as insoluble polymer due to cross-linking.
    When 20% methanol solution of the oligomer was used, an average amount of oligomer take up was about 25% and an add-on by grafting up to 20% was obtained at a dose of 20 Mrad with oligomer utilization higher than 75%.
    Flame retardance of the fabric is much improved by the grafting. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) increases from 18.5 of original fabric to 26.0 of the fabric containing 12% phosphorus. The fabric of 10% add-on (phosphorus content 2.2%) was proved to be self-extinguishing when it was exposed to open flame according to a netting basket flame-retardance test. The flame-retardance is obtained at LOI of 23.0.
    The graft fabric exhibited much improved anti-static property. At about 3% add-on the frictional electric charge was lowered to the same level as that cotton fabric. Thermal stability of the graft fabric tested by thermogravimetric analysis shows that it is far better than the chlorinated fabrics.
    No or a very little change in tensile properties of the fabric was observed upon grafting oligomeric vinyl phosphonate. The graft fabric has an excellent hand.
  • 高沢 弘明, 片山 明, 黒木 宣彦
    1979 年 35 巻 2 号 p. T90-T96
    発行日: 1979/02/10
    公開日: 2008/11/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The relation between the diffusion coefficient of acid dyes in nylon 6 fiber, and the amino end group content in the fiber (AGC) and the affinity parameter A was studied. The affinity parameter A, defined as the [slope of tangent of absorption isotherm at origin]/[AGC], corresponds to the first binding constant of the dye on the substrate. The diffusion coefficient was determined by the use of Hill's equation from the rate-of-dyeing curve. AGC was found to be 25, 54 and 95meq./kg for Nylon (1), (2) and (3), respectively. Results are as follows.
    1) The diffusion coefficient is nearly constant in the range θ=0.35-0.50, where θ is the fraction of AGC occupied by the acid dye. This result is in contrast with the well known results that the diffusion coefficient of acid dye in nylon depends on θ.
    2) The diffusion coefficient at pH=4-6 decreases with increasing AGC.
    3) The diffusion coefficient depends on the shape, size and the dissociation state of the dye.
    4) Affinity parameter A increases as AGC is increased and the diffusion coefficient of the dye used at various pH decreased with increasing the parameter A.
    From these results, we conclude that the main factor which influences the diffusion coefficient is the affinity parameter A.
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