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Volume 36, Issue 4
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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TOSHIRO ITAKURA1980 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages P115-P122
Published: April 10, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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KUNIO MAKISHIMA1980 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages P123-P129
Published: April 10, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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SEIJI YAMAZAKI1980 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages P130-P135
Published: April 10, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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The Beginning of Japanese Cotton SpinningSEINOSUKE KAKIAGE1980 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages P136-P142
Published: April 10, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Toshio Kitao, Yoshi-ichi Sekita1980 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages T151-T156
Published: April 10, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of composites were prepared from a high density polyethylene (HDPE) and a carbon fiber (CF) using an extrusion technique. Thin sheets of these composites containing CF from 5 to 20 wt% were molded in a hot-press at 250°C, and then crosslinked by the irradiation of β-ray ranging from 10 to 40 Mrads.
The dispersion of CF, observed with an optical and a scanning electron microscope, seemed to be homogeneous if the concentration of CF was 10 wt% or less. Some local aggregations of CF were found in the composites containing CF more than 15 wt%.
The efficiency with respect to the crosslinking, evaluated by an extraction technique in boiling xylene, increased slightly by adding CF in HDPE. It could not be concluded, however, whether or not the crosslinking between HDPE and CF had occurred during the β-ray irradiation, because the efficiency was independent of the CF content. The mixing of CF upto 15 wt% into HDPE was effective for improving the elastic modulus of the resulted composites: the static modulus, estimated using a tensile tester, increased as a function of CF content. In addition, the storage modulus evaluated by using a dynamic viscoelastometer, increased with increasing the amount of CF in the mixtures. However both moduli tended to decrease at CF content of 20 wt%. This may be attributable to the inhomogeneous dispersion of CF in HDPE matrix.
Finally it is noteworthy that these composites have shown rather high elastic modulus even at 110°C. In other words, the mixing of CF improves the mechanical properties of HDPE at elevated temperatures.View full abstractDownload PDF (1127K) -
Tsuyoshi Kiyotsukuri, Youichi Tada1980 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages T157-T161
Published: April 10, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCommercial nylon 66 fiber was heated in N2 atmosphere or in vacuum to several temperatures below the melting point. ηsp/C of the polymer solution increased strikingly with heating in vacuum but little with heating in N2. The activation energy for the post-polymerization in vacuum is found to be 16.6 kcal/mol. Tensile strength, elongation and Young's modulus decreased with heating except the heating in vacuum at 253°C, by which the elongation was little influenced. The crystallinity measured by the density method increased with heating noticeably in comparison with that measured by X-ray method. The crystalline and amorphous orientations changed little with heating in vacuum. Superheating at the melting point measured by DTA method occurred slightly with heating in vacuum. The little decrease in the tensile elongation of the fiber heated in vacuum at 253°C could be explained by the formation of tie molecule and cross linkage during the post-polymerization. The formation of cross linkage is supported by the increased tensile properties upon moisture absorption.View full abstractDownload PDF (288K) -
Haruo Nakayasu, Shuji Kawai, Shigetoshi Amiya, Takeshi Akahane, Yoshim ...1980 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages T162-T165
Published: April 10, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe coagulation of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solutions under the actions of various electrolytes has been studied.
The quantities of the electrolytes required for the coagulation of the PVA solutions become smaller as the polymerization degree of PVA, the PVA concentration and the temperature become higher. For PVA concentrations lower than a critical value that depends on the polymerization degree, the end point of coagulated gel formation was hard to recognize in the titration of the solution by the electrolyte solution. 1H NMR and dynamic viscoelasticity measurements on the samples before and after coagulation suggest that some degree of the mobility of PVA chain is required for the coagulation and that the mobility is decreased as the coagulation proceeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (289K) -
HIGH SPEED MELT SPINNING OF ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS Tensile Properties of Hard Elastic FibersJiro Shimizu, Norimasa Okui, Yoshitaka Imai1980 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages T166-T174
Published: April 10, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsotactic polypropylene filaments have been produced by high speed melt spinning method in the take-up velocity range 500 to 4000m/min at various extrusion temperatures. Elastic properties of the as-spun fibers and their annealed fibers were studied as functions of spinning and annealing conditions. On a stress-strain curve, an elastic modulus I (corresponding to the initial Young's modulus), an elastic modulus II (corresponding to the bending modulus of lamella crystal) and an elastic region (corresponding to the extension region where the plastic fracture of lamella crystal is neglected) are proposed to evaluate the hard elastic fiber property in addition to an elastic recovery used as a general method. Hard elastic properties were strongly affected by the fiber orientation structure yielded by the spinning. Among the fibers spun under various spinning conditions, as-spun fibers with a birefringence value of 16-17×10-3 showed the maximum elastic recovery. When they were annealed, their elastic recoveries fairly increased, but were largely dependent on the historities of the as-spun fiber orientation structure. Elastic recovery was affected not only by the spinning conditions but also by the extension of the fiber. The maximum recovery was also shown at the extension, corresponding to the critical elastic deformation. The method proposed above to evaluate the hard elastic fiber behavior may be useful to explain the deformation of the hard elastic polypropylene fibers obtained by high speed melt spinning method, such as the change in stacked lamellae structure and fibrillation of lamellae on stretching and the voids created by peeling between lamellae.View full abstractDownload PDF (595K) -
Masaru Mitsuishi, Arved Datyner1980 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages T175-T178
Published: April 10, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiffusion coefficients of Methyl Orange, Ethyl Orange, Propyl Orange, and Butyl Orange in 0.03M NaCl, and 0.025M dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide have been obtained by means of diaphragm diffusion procedures with a Stokes'type cell. In NaCl solution, the radii of diffusion particles of MO, EO, PO, and BO are 4.01, 4.33, 5.05, and 6.02×10-8cm, respectively. Diffusion coefficients of MO and PO in the surfactant solution are 2.15 and 2.24×10-6cm2 sec-1, respectively. MO and PO diffuse with the surfactant micell having about 12×10-8cm radius.View full abstractDownload PDF (229K) -
Isao Ikeda, Takashi Hukuzawa, Kimihiro Suzuki1980 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages T179-T183
Published: April 10, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe anionic graft-polymerization of propylene sulfide (PS) on the alkali-metallated nylon 6 fibers and the adsorption of heavy metal salts such as AgNO3 and HgCl2 on the grafted fibers were investigated.
PS is easily graft-polymerized in the polar aprotic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl-formamide and etc., and is hardly graft-polymerized in the nonpolar solvent such as benzene. AgNO3 and HgCl2 are adsorbed by the poly (PS) graft-chains of the grafted fibers. Application of Langmuir's equation to the adsorption of AgNO3 shows that the amount of saturated adsorption per repeating unit of poly (PS) is 0.50_??_0.54 mol.View full abstractDownload PDF (267K) -
Masako Maekawa, Akiyo Hayashi, Mamoru Nango, Akira Katayama, Nobuhiko ...1980 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages T184-T187
Published: April 10, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, we have studied the dyeing of cellulose by Chrysophenine G (C. I. Direct Yellow 12) in aqueous sodium alginate solution and have concluded by the membrane equilibrium theory that the dye ion is concentrated into the internal solution of fiber due to the presence of sodium alginate in the bulk solution. Sodium alginate is subject to hydrolysis during the course of dyeing, which may make the interpretation somewhat dubious. In the present study we have chosen sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) as a synthetic polyelectrolyte which is not subject to hydrolysis and have studied the dyeing of cellulose by Chrysophenine G in aqueous NaPSS solution. It is found that our model assumed in the previous paper explains the obtained results by assigning an appropriate degree of dissociation of sodium ion to NaPSS in solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (240K)
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