巻号一覧
37 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1～8を表示しています
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断面不均一構造清水 二郎, 奥居 徳昌, 鞠谷 雄士1981 年 37 巻 4 号 p. T135-T142
発行日: 1981/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPET filaments have been produced by the high speed melt spinning method in the range of take-up velocity 1, 000 to 9, 000m/min. With the increase in the velocity, a fiber structure developes to highly orientation state. Above 7, 000m/min, the density and birefringence of the fibers begin to decrease, whereas the degree of crystallinity measured by heat of fusion shows levelling-off.
In addition, SAXS pattern changes from “X” shaped four spot reflection to two spot meridial reflection. Crystalline region has almost fully oriented structure, whereas the degree of amorphous orientation is relatively low and shows a maximum at 6, 000m/min. From the results of SAXS and WAXS patterns for the fibers before and after an alkali treatment and of dye penetration coefficients of as-spun fibers, it is pointed out that the fibers spun at extremely high take-up speed involve a large amount of void in the skin layer. The degree of molecular orientation and crystallinity are higher at the skin than at the core and the difference in the birefringence between skin and core (radial variation in fiber) increase with increasing take-up velocity. Development of the radial variation is attributed to temperature and stress distribution in the fiber cross section which are caused by the rapid quenching from the skin layer and by the increase in the crystallization rate induced by the molecular orientation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2059K) -
清水 二郎, 奥居 徳昌, 鞠谷 雄士, 小野 明宏, 高久 明1981 年 37 巻 4 号 p. T143-T152
発行日: 1981/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーNylon 6 fibers have been produced by high speed melt spinning method in the range of take-up velocity 500 to 7, 000m/min. Birefringence of the fibers enormously increased within an hour after spinning. The increase in the birefringence can be interpreted as the result of the crystallization induced by water which penetrates from the surface of the fiber. The increase in the birefringence showed a maximum at a take-up velocity 2, 000m/min, and above 4, 000m/min, became small and the stable fiber structures were observed.
Birefringence of conditioned fibers drastically increased with an increase in take-up velocity up to 3, 000m/min, and on the subsequent increase in the velocity a little increase in the birefringence was observed. On the other hand, there was no change in the density of the fiber until 3, 000m/min and after that, the density began to increase significantly. These results suggest that big change in the fiber structure arises at 3, 000_??_4, 000m/min. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns were analyzed based on the three structures, viz., α, γ and pseudohexagonal (h) structures. Until the take-up velocity reached 5, 000m/min, (γ+h) crystalline index (Iγ+h) increased and α crystalline index (Iα) decreased. On the other hand, from 5, 000 to 7, 000m/min, Iγ+h decreased and Iα increased. Initial Young's modulus and tenacity showed maxima at 5, 000m/min (25g/d, 4.5g/d respectively). Extension at break decreased with an increase in take-up velocity and reached 75% at 7, 000m/min. Peculiar change in the crystalline indices and the mechanical properties above 5, 000m/min can be explained in terms of the heterogeneity in the cross section of the filaments.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1564K) -
稲垣 訓宏1981 年 37 巻 4 号 p. P152-P159
発行日: 1981/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (532K) -
柳 徳桓, 宮田 清蔵1981 年 37 巻 4 号 p. T153-T157
発行日: 1981/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThe changes of high order structure of a ramie plant during the growing process were investigated by X-ray analysis. The ramie specimens were prepared from spring, summer and autumn crops of the Boehemeria nivea harvested in the middle region of Korea. The orientation of (040) plane was calculated by the use of the Hermanns's equation. Both paracrystalline disorder (GII%) and average crystalline size were determined by the Hosemann plot of (020), (040) and (060) planes in the meridional direction. The method was used to analyze for three parts of the bast fiber bundle (bottom, medium and tip) with different growth rates.
The results are summarized as follows.
1) The degree of orientation of a ramie plant is much larger in the medium part than those in the bottom and tip parts.
2) Although the degree of orientation changes with the growth rate during growth process, it is saturated to about 0.95 when the growth rate dH/dT (cm/day) becomes 2 or 3.
3) The paracrystalline disorder (GII%) of medium part is smaller, indicating more perfection of crystals, than those of other parts. This tendency is the same for all the crops harvested in any seasons.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (367K) -
松本 昌一, 折原 勝男1981 年 37 巻 4 号 p. T158-T163
発行日: 1981/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーEffect of γ-ray irradiation in vacuo and in water at ambient temperature were studied for samples of copoly(ethylene-vinyl alcohol) (EVAL) having various compositions.
In vacuo, samples having less than 62mol% ethylene contents were degraded and those having more ethylene contents were cross-linked, when they were irradiated at 100Mrad. In water, however, all the samples with various compositions were cross-linked even at 1 Mrad, and gel fractions were obtained as 69-90wt% at 77 Mrad. The gel fraction depended upon the ethylene content of EVAL samples showing a minimum at ca. 50mol% at any dose.
Dose necessary for the gel formation of EVAL should be about 10-50 times of those for PE and PVA homopolymers. These results were explained reasonably in terms of the relation between water swelling behavior and composition of EVAL, and of the gelling conditions of PE and PVA by irradiation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (391K) -
安藤 靖子, 小見山 二郎, 飯島 俊郎1981 年 37 巻 4 号 p. T164-T171
発行日: 1981/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーFor nylon 6-acetate buffer solutions at pH 5.7 the diffusion coefficient, D and the equilibrium dye concentration, Cs of 4-aminoazobenzene (D-I) and 4-[bis (2-hydroxyethyl)amino] azobenzene (D-II) were determined at 35°C by permeation experiments.
The solutions contained poly (N-butyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide) (C4P4VP) (degree of quaternization, DQ=100%) or poly (N-octyl-2-vinylpyridinium bromide) (C8P2VP) (DQ=42.6%).
With the addition of C4P4VP or C8P2VP in the dye bath, Cs decreases, but D does not change. By assuming a constant partition coefficient between the free dye concentration in the bath, Cf and Cs, the apparent binding constants, Kapp of the dyes to the polymers were estimated.
The apparent diffusion coefficients, Dapp of methyl, ethyl and butyl orange (MO, EO and BO) in nylon 6 were determined at 35°C by means of desorption method using an acetate buffer solution containing C4P4VP or sodium poly(styrenesulufonate) (PSSNa) (degree of sulfonation, DS=100%). Dapp values of the dyes increase with the addition of C4P4VP and decrease with PSSNa. Such behaviors were discussed based on a theory of fixed charge membranes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (507K) -
竹内 武1981 年 37 巻 4 号 p. P166-P170
発行日: 1981/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (490K) -
上田 充夫, 浦畑 俊博, 片山 明, 黒木 宣彦1981 年 37 巻 4 号 p. T172-T175
発行日: 1981/04/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to study the hydrotropic action of organic sulfonic acids, solubilities were examined for benzene, toluene, naphthalene and biphenyl in water and in aqueous solutions of methane-, p-toluene and β-naphthalenesulfonic acid. Both p-toluenesulfonic acid and β-naphthalenesulfonic acid showed marked hydrotropic actions, but methanesulfonic acid did not show any appraisable action. From the solubility data the thermodynamic parameters for the transfer of one mole of the solute from water to the sulfonic acid solutions were calculated. It was found that the transfer process of every solute from water to the p-toluenesulfonic acid solution is endothermic and accompanies a large positive entropy change. On the contrary, the process of naphthalene and biphenyl from water to the β-naphthalenesulfonic acid solution is exothermic and accompanies little entropy change. From these results it is concluded that the action of organic sulfonic acids on the solubilities of aromatic hydrocarbons changes with the sizes of the solute and of the hydrophobic groups in the sulfonic acids.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (239K)
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