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Volume 37, Issue 6
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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KONOMI TOMISAWA1981 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages P210-P214
Published: June 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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FUMIHIKO OKAGAWA1981 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages P215-P219
Published: June 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Sadao Hibi, Kenichi Fujita, Matsuo Maeda, Akeshi Noda, Motohiro Suzuki ...1981 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages T215-T228
Published: June 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe object of this paper is to introduce an equation for polarized fluoresence to evaluate the orientation of amorphous molecules in bi-axially stretched polymer films.
Especially, in deriving the equation the effects of light absorption and birefringence yields in the sample are taken into account, and the precise corrections of absorption and birefringence for the reflective measurement are also considered.View full abstractDownload PDF (792K) -
KUNIO MAKISHIMA1981 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages P220-P227
Published: June 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Namiko Miyata1981 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages T229-T235
Published: June 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWaste paper pulp, as a cheap material, is porous and has hydroxyl groups derived from lignin and cellulose as their constituents. Cationic 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DM) was graft copolymerized onto a waste paper pulp sample in order to synthesize effective waste water treatment agents for heavy metals and dye wastes. The grafting reaction and the removability were examined.
The following results were obtained.
1) Grafting of DM onto the waste paper pulp pretreated with peracetic acid readily proceeded in the presence of Fe2+, Cu_??_, and Ti3+ as redox initiators, and the degree of grafting and the grafting efficiency were remarkably high in comparison with the grafting in the absence of the metal ions.
2) The order of improving the degree of grafting and the grafting efficiency was Ti3+>Cu_??_>Fe2+, and the maxima of them were observed at optimum mole ratios of [metal salt]/[PO], [Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2]/[PO]=5, [CuCl]/[PO]=10, [TiCl3]/[PO]=50.
3) The amounts of Cr6+ and Cu2+ adsorbed on the DM graft copolymers, 2.1 mmol/g (grafting: 80%) and 0.4mmol/g (grafting: 20%), respectively, were larger than those on untreated waste paper pulp. Especially, the adsorption of Cr6+ on the graft copolymers was superior to that on a commerical polymer adsorbent under the same experimental conditions.
4) Untreated waste paper pulp removed some anionic dyes, e. g., an acid dye (67%) and a sulfur dye (8%) from the aqueous solutions. However, by graft 1-20% DM onto the waste paper pulp, the copolymers removed 93-100% of the dyes, in higher efficiency than active carbon and the commercial polymer adsorbent.View full abstractDownload PDF (514K) -
Yoshiaki Shimizu, Mitsuo Kimura1981 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages T236-T240
Published: June 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe binding of five acid dyes, HAS, Acid Orange 7, Acid Orange 52, Acid Red 88 and Acid Blue 25, to gelation from the acidic solutions has been studied by polarography and equilibrium dialysis. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated from the temperature dependence. The following results were obtained:
(1) The binding of the acid dyes except Acid Orange 52 increase with the increase of pH.
(2) The binding at the constant pH decreases with temperature.
(3) The binding constants of the dyes are in the order, R-88>B-25>O-7>O-52>HAS, corresponding to the decrease of the inorganicity/organicity value of these dyes.
(4) The entropy change ΔS° is positive in the binding of R-88 or B-25. Hence, the hydrophobic bond seems to play a role in binding.View full abstractDownload PDF (303K) -
Shinji Ogasawara, Hiromasa Asami, Yoshifumi Kimura, Shigetaka Kuroiwa1981 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages T241-T246
Published: June 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, it was reported that the diffusion of acid dye was markedly suppressed in the tannic acid-treated nylon 6 fiber by the electrostatic repulsion between dye anion and dissociated phenolic hydroxyl group of tannic acid.
In the present paper, in order to investigate in detail the effect of the electrostatic repulsion between the dye anion and the dissociated functional groups of tannic acid and nylon, ζ-potential of nylon 6 fibers containing various amounts of tannic acid in acid dye solutions at varying pH's was measured by streaming potential method. The surface charge density, σ, of the fiber was evaluated from the ζ-potential. Dyes used were Orange II (C. I. Acid Orange 7) and Diacid Supra Red 3B (C. I. Acid Red 35).
As the tannic acid content of fiber increased, both ζ-potential and surface charge density changed toward the more negative value, and consequently the isoelectric point of the fiber was shifted to lower pH. These results may be attributed to an increase in the negative charges on the fiber surface resulted from the dissociation of phenolic hydroxyl group of tannic acid absorbed.
A difference between the surface charge density in the solutions in the presence and absence of dye, -Δσ, decreased with the increase in tannic acid content of the fiber. This result can be explained clearly in terms of the electrostatic repulsion between dye anion and negative charge on the fiber.
Although the value of -Δσ increased with the decrease in pH of the solution, the abrupt increase at pH 2 to be expected from the adsorption isotherms of the same dyes in the previous paper was not observed. This fact suggests that around pH 2 these dyes behave as dye acid and are taken up by the fiber mostly in the acid form.View full abstractDownload PDF (357K) -
Meiji Anahara, Takayoshi Fujita, Kunio Katsuno, Tatsuya Yamada1981 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages T247-T257
Published: June 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere have been a few methods to modify or to reduce the torque of false-twist textured yarn, but they are too complicated in operation or machine set-up and are somewhat imperfect in performance. In this paper a new method is attempted in which an air twister was equipped at the exit of the 2nd heater of a tandem type false-twisting machine to twist a textured yarn again in a direction reverse to the initial twist direction. The effects of various treating conditions including the construction of the air twister on the yarn properties are described. The snarling tendency of the obtained yarn is reduced remarkably by an increase of twist added by the air twister, while the other properties are varied insignificantly. It is possible to choose the proper modifying conditions to attain the non-torque yarn, when the treating conditions in the subsequent processes are given. When an air twister is used in which an air conduit of air flow is inclined at 60 degrees to the yarn passage, it gives results superior to the other conditions except the inferior twisting efficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (600K) -
Kiyohito Koyama, Osamu Ishizuka1981 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages T258-T261
Published: June 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe elongational behavior at a constant strain rate was studied for polypropylene melt samples with various molecular weights by means of an elongational rheometer with a pair of rotating clamps. The linear parts of the elongational viscosities depended strongly on the molecular weight: the dependence obeyed the 3.4 power law known for shear viscosity. The non-linearity parameters of the elongational viscosity were found to be almost independent of the molecular weight. The parameters predicted from the constitutive equation depended slightly on the molecular weight. Then, the molecular weight dependence found for polypropylene can be interpreted in terms of the Lodge model or the Wagner model.View full abstractDownload PDF (235K) -
Tae-moon Tak, Jiro Komiyama, Toshiro Iijima1981 Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages T262-T263
Published: June 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a series of our papers1-4) the sorption and diffusion of acid dyes and simple organic acids in polyamides were quantitatively explained by means of a bimodel mechanism. The work described in this paper is presented to obtain knowledge about the effect of the amino end group of the polymer on the sorption of an acid dye, Orange II.View full abstractDownload PDF (115K)
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