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Volume 37, Issue 9
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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TAKEO SONE1981 Volume 37 Issue 9 Pages P305-P312
Published: September 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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KAXUO YAMAURA1981 Volume 37 Issue 9 Pages P313-P324
Published: September 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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TOSHISASA TAKAHASHI1981 Volume 37 Issue 9 Pages P325-P331
Published: September 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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MASAKO NIWA1981 Volume 37 Issue 9 Pages P332-P343
Published: September 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Toshinari Nakajima, Midori Shindoh1981 Volume 37 Issue 9 Pages T347-T353
Published: September 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDrying properties of cotton, nylon and wool fabrics were studied.
The fabrics were cut into 10cm square and wetted out by soaking in distilled water more than 2hr. The weight of the wet sample placed in a box at 20°C and 65% R. H. was read off at regular intervals until it reached a nearly equilibrium value. The sample was then dried at 105±5°C to determine the net weight and the moisture regain.
Drying rates during the initial constant rate period, Rc (T), were almost equal. For such different fabrics, the activation energy of drying during this period was about 11.5kcal/mol which was similar to the heat of evaporation of liquid water.
The critical moisture contents (c. m. c) of the fabrics could be identified with the regains obtained by the extrapolation of the curves of the desorption isotherms to 100% R. H.
For three different cotton fabrics, the drying rates during the falling rate period (Rf) had very good relation to the fiber content, not to fabric thickness.
In several studies, Rf has been assumed to be directly proportional to the moisture content, but the characteristic curves observed for the cotton, nylon and wool fabrics were convex upward.
This paper proposes the relation between Rf and moisture regain (X). Rf is affected only by the regain and temperature in the fabrics and not by fabric structure or thickness.View full abstractDownload PDF (406K) -
Masakatsu Ohguchi, Tomohide Yasumura1981 Volume 37 Issue 9 Pages T354-T362
Published: September 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrafting of acrylic acid (AA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) onto poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers was carried out by use of benzoyl peroxide. Practical properties related to clothing use of the grafted PET fibers were investigated.
The grafting of AA and MAA made PET fibers hydrophilic. Na-salt form of the grafted PET showed the highest hygroscopicity and water absorbency, compared to the PET's in acid form or in other multi-valent metal's salt form. During home-laundering, Na-salt form of the grafted PET turned mainly into Ca-salt form and the hygroscopicity and the water absorbency of the grafted PET decreased. The metal analysis of Na-salt form of the grafted PET revealed that the ratio of [COONa] against total [COON] was about 1/3.
As a result of the grafting, the diameter of the fiber increased and the density decreased. Modulus, tenacity at break and elastic recovery of the fiber decreased. On the contrary, elongation at break increased with increasing grafting per cent. It was considered that the changes of those mechanical properties were caused by the shrinkage which arose during the grafting. It was also observed that modulus of the grafted PET fiber became lower in the presence of water.
Comparing to acid form of the grafted PET, Na-salt form showed inferior mechanical poperties which were due to the degradation caused by alkali treatment of the grafted PET, which imparted anti-pilling property to the grafted PET fabrics.
The melting behavior of the grafted PET suggested that the grafting occurred even in the vicinity of PET crystal and broke it gradually. Polymer of AA and MAA acted as an infusible supporter and gave melt-proof property to the grafted PET.
As shown above, the grafting of AA and MAA onto PET was considered as a useful method for improving certain properties of PET.View full abstractDownload PDF (1865K) -
Akira Isogai, Atsushi Ishizu, Junzo Nakano1981 Volume 37 Issue 9 Pages T363-T368
Published: September 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCellulose dissolved in dimetylformamide containing anhydrous chloral and pyridine was acetylated with acetic anhydride. Chloral groups in the acetylated product (CCA) were found to be converted into formic acid by an alkali treatment. Acetic acid released by saponification of acetyl groups in CCA, therefore, was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The d. s. of acetyl groups (2.6) coincided with that of chloral.
Acetylation of methyl 4, 6-O-benzylidene-β-D-glucopyranoside, which was performed in the same way as for the dissolved cellulose, yielded metyl 2, 3-di-O-(α-acetoxy-β, β, β-trichloroethyl)-4, 6-O-benzylidene-β-D-glucopyranoside (II). 1H-n. m. r. studies on this compound and the acetate (I) of methyl 4, 6-O-benzylidene-β-D-glucopyranoside demonstrated that methyl protons of chloral hemiacetal acetates resonate in the lower field than those of acetates linked directly to hydroxyl groups on glucose residues. On the basis of this results on model compounds, analyses of 1H-n. m. r. spectra of CCA and a commercial cellulose acetate led to the conclusion that almost all acetyl groups in CCA are linked to hydroxyl groups of chloral hemiacetals. This conclusion together with the observation of the same d. s. values of acetyl and chloral groups substantiated the following formula for CCA.
Acetylation of alcoholic hydroxyl groups proceeds more readily than that of chloral hemiacetals. Nevertheless, CCA contained few acetyl groups linked directly to hydroxyl groups of cellulose. Almost all hydroxyl groups in cellulose, therefore, must be present in the form of chloral hemiacetal in the chloral-containing solvent.
A study on the distribution of acetyl groups revealed that the reactivity of chloral hemiacetal hydroxyl groups decreased in the order of C-6, C-2 and C-3.
CCA is acid-stable possibly due to the introduction of electron-attracting and bulky acetylated chloral hemiacetal substituents.View full abstractDownload PDF (431K) -
Minoru Nagata, Tsuyoshi Kiyotsukuri, Norito Uchino1981 Volume 37 Issue 9 Pages T369-T375
Published: September 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolyether-esters were prepared from bishydroxyethyl ether of the following halogenated aromatic dials with terephthalic acid; 2, 5-dichloro or dibromo hydroquinone, and tetrachloro or tetrabromobisphenol A. ηsp/C of the polymers decreased appreciably by halogen substitution. Some properties of these polymers were examined.
Poly (ethylene terephthalate) copolymers with above halogenated aromatic dial components were also prepared by substitution up to 10 mol% to lead flame-retardant polyesters. ηsp/C of copolymers were 0.41_??_0.66. Melting point of the copolymers was depressed according to Flory's equation. Glass transition temperature increased by the copolymerization. Crystallinity estimated by cold crystallization temperature decreased and solubility increased by the copolymerization. These variations were most pronounced for copolymers with bishydroxyethyl ether of brominated bisphenol A. Flame-retardancy was estimated by flash-point measurement. Flash-point increased with increasing bromine content. Copolymers containing bromine sufficient to self-extinguishing were not flashed. Temperature rise by flash-ignition decreased with increasing bromine content.View full abstractDownload PDF (506K) -
Masaaki Okamura, Fujio Konda, Shinya Kurosaki1981 Volume 37 Issue 9 Pages T376-T380
Published: September 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe roller drafting process is analysed by taking into account the following five factors: the feed sliver thickness, the delivery sliver thickness, the velocity-change-point, the drafting force and the sliver density in the drafting zone. The interactions of these factors are discussed on the basis of the preceding paper. The velocity-change-point is decided from the tuft diagrams and the sliver density in the zone with the concept of frictional force balance. The tuft diagram is calculated here from the feed sliver thickness and the delivery sliver thickness. The drafting force is deduced from the tuft diagrams, the sliver density in the zone and the velocity-change-point. On the next stage, the delivery sliver thickness is inferred from the velocity-change-point and then the sliver density in the zone from the drafting force. The roller drafting process is considered as the repetition of these four processes. The relations among the factors for the four processes are respectively derived as a function of time. The delivery sliver thickness is calculated when sliver with periodic variation is fed to the back roller. The calculated results show close agreements with experimental ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (345K) -
(III). THE PRODUCTS IN THE OZONATION OF p-AMINOAZOBENZENEMasaki Matsui, Kiyomi Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Miyazaki, Katsuyoshi Shibata ...1981 Volume 37 Issue 9 Pages T381-T383
Published: September 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith p-aminoazobenzene as a model compound of basic azo dyes, the ozonation reaction in water at room temperature was examined in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The ozonation gave phenol, p-chloroaniline and p-nitroazobenzene. Ozone would attack azo and hydrazo type of p-aminoazobenzeneView full abstractDownload PDF (170K) -
II. THE DIRECT WET-SPINNING OF POLY (VINYL ALCOHOL) FROM THE AMMONOLYSIS SOLUTION OF POLY (VINYL TRIFLUOROACETATE)Kazuo Yamaura, Yoshinori Itoh, Shuji Matsuzawa1981 Volume 37 Issue 9 Pages T384-T385
Published: September 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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