Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 38, Issue 3
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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  • CHANGE OF AMORPHOUS REGION OF STRETCHED POLY (ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) FILMS BY DYE-DIFFUSION BEHAVIOR
    Kiyoichi Matsumoto, Keiko Murata, Michiko Matsushita, Nobuo Utsumi, Sh ...
    1982 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages T103-T108
    Published: March 10, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.38.3_T103
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    The structural change of amorphous region of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films stretched uniaxially or biaxially was investigated by means of dye-diffusion behavior. The detailed stretching methods and characteristics of samples, such as crystallinity, molecular orientation and trans-gauche contents were the same as reported previously. The diffusion coefficients of disperse dye, C. I. Disperse Blue 26, were measured in the temperature range from 80°C to boiling temperature (about 100°C).
    The results are summarized as follows,
    (1) The morphology of amorphous region of PET inferred from the diffusivity of dye varied with stretching methods, namely orientation mode of the films.
    (2) Dense network of amorphous chain showed large molecular flexibility was obtained by uniaxial stretching.
    (3) On the other hand, expanded network of amorphous chain was obtained by biaxially stretching.
    (4) The dye diffusion behavior of polymer film was found to be suitable for the investigation of the structure of amorphous region of polymer stretched by various methods.
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  • THE PROPERTIES OF MECHANO-CHEMICAL TURBINE USING A COLLAGEN FILM
    Masaru Nakajima, Hideo Noshi, Akio Imanaka, Takashi Yamazaki, Naoto Ya ...
    1982 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages T109-T115
    Published: March 10, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.38.3_T109
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    The apparatus of mechanochemical turbine in the mechanical shape and materials similar to those designed by A. Katchalsky was constructed. The experiment on the driving of mechanochemical turbine was performed to make clear some obscure points in Katchalsky's paper such as proper condition of crosslinking treatment of collagen film, theoretically induced revolution number and situation of turning.
    The following results were obtained; 1) crosslinking of collagen film with 2% formaldehyde aqueous solution and 10M LiBr aqueous solution as a contracting liquid were found to be suitable, 2) the equation of the calculated revolution number using the mechanochemical diagram was induced, 3) this turbine could not be turned continuously for a long period of time, but continuous several turnings were gained temporarily, and it was found that the observed revolution number was 2.5 sec-1 and the power was 26.5mW closed to the figure of 30mW obtained by Katchalsky. The results indicate that the induced equation of revolution number is valid and the power of 26.5mW would be acceptable.
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  • DIFFUSION OF PHENOL IN POLYESTER FILMS
    Nobuya Kuroda, Nobuhiko Kuroki
    1982 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages T116-T122
    Published: March 10, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.38.3_T116
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    The diffusion coefficient of phenol in polyester films was estimated at various concentrations and temperatures in order to elucidate a role of carriers in dyeing process of polymer. The diffusion coefficient of phenol in the amorphous region of polymer increased with increasing both concentration and temperature. This suggests that the sorbed phenol accelerates the segmental motion of the polymer chain.
    At the same time, dynamic moduli of two kinds of films were measured in phenol solutions at various temperatures and the dynamic moduli in the amorphous region EA' was calculated assuming the phenol was sorbed only in the amorphous region of polymer. Linear relationship was generally obtained between the EA' and the diffusion coefficients in amorphous region DA(c)in high concentration region of phenol. However, EA' deviated slightly from linear relation in low concentration region, which was attributed to the internal fine structure of each sample.
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  • Textile End Uses
    RIKUHIRO KINOSHITA
    1982 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages P117-P122
    Published: March 10, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.38.3_P117
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  • ALKALI SAPONIFICATION REACTION OF CELLULOSE TRIACETATE MEMBRANE IN HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM AND PERVAPORATION WITH THE REACTION
    Fumio Suzuki, Kenji Onosato, Naomichi Takahashi
    1982 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages T123-T130
    Published: March 10, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.38.3_T123
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    In heterogeneous system, the alkali saponification reaction of cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane in the mixture of ethanol and water advanced with sharp moving boundary of reacted layer with a linear relationship of the thickness with the reaction time as in the case of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer membrane. Sorption and diffusion of H2O and C2 H5 OH under the pervaporation with the reaction were examined, and results were obtained as follows. Experimental values of permeation rates of H2O and C2H5OH through a partially saponified membrane agreed with those calculated by assuming the membrane to be a lamination of two layers of cellulose and CTA. For the pervaporation with the reaction, an equation was obtained. Where F is over all permeation rates for water or ethanol, k is the moving rate of the boundary front, l is the membrane thickness before the reaction and Pcell and PCTA are permeability constants for cellulose and CTA membrane, respectively. Plots of 1/F vs. t showed linear relationships for ethanol and water, respectively. From the results, the permeation constants for H2O and C2H5OH under the heterogeneous reaction were obtained. Diffusivity of alkali ion in the cellulose membrane was found 120 times larger than that in CTA membrane. Summarizing these results, it was concluded that the alkali saponification reaction under pervaporation advanced with a controlling step of boundary reaction. An analogy may be found between the reaction and the Case II type diffusion.
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  • Textile End-Uses
    TOYOKO SAKAI
    1982 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages P123-P127
    Published: March 10, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.38.3_P123
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  • Textile Machinary -Spinning and Weaving-
    JUNZO HASEGAWA
    1982 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages P128-P132
    Published: March 10, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.38.3_P128
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  • STUDIES ON THE HEAT OF THE REACTION OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID AND ACID DYE WITH BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN
    Yoshiaki Shimizu, Yu Hamanaka, Kyoko Yamada, Mitsuo Kimura
    1982 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages T131-T135
    Published: March 10, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.38.3_T131
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    To obtain the direct information of the enthalpy of dyeing of protein fibers by acid dyes, the heat of the reaction of HCl, NaOH and acid dye [G. I. Acid Orange 7 (OR II)] with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model dyeing system were measured at 40°C.
    From the results obtained, it is proposed that [-ΔHc→o], the heat of the reaction of one reactant molecule with the most accessible site in BSA molecule, is eligible fbr discussions. [-ΔHc→o] obtained were -2.1kcal/mol (HCl), 8.6 kcal/mol (NaOH), 11.7 kcal/mol (OR II, pH3), 4.8kcal/mol (OR II, pH11), respectively.
    These values may be reasonably related to the following reactions taking place in respective systems: with HCl, the protonation of the carboxyl anion endgroup in BSA; with NaOH, the neutralization with the water formation; and with OR II, the ionic binding of OR II anion to protonated amino endgroup as well as the hydrogen bonds of hydroxyl, azo or aromatic groups in OR II molecule with amino, carboxyl or hydroxyl groups in BSA molecule at pH3.
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  • Knitting and Apparel Manufacturing
    NOBORU AISAKA
    1982 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages P133-P136
    Published: March 10, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.38.3_P133
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  • STUDIES ON THE ADSORPTION OF ACIDS AND ACID DYES WITH CELLULOSIC ADSORBENTS
    Mitsuo Kimura, Noboru Yoshii, Yasuo Nakajima, Mitsuyuki Morita, Yoshia ...
    1982 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages T136-T141
    Published: March 10, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.38.3_T136
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    Adsorption isotherms, saturated adsorption amounts and heat of adsorption of acids (HCl, CH3SO3H, C2H5SO3H, C6H5SO3H, C10H7SO3H, etc.) and acid dyes (Cl Acid Orange 7, CI Acid Red 88, CI Food Yellow 3, etc.) were measured for typical cellulosic adsorbents (TChP and CaN) at 35°C.
    These adsorbents, which have been developed by us for the treatment of dyeing wastewaters, have a considerable number of basic sites in pores which are widely distributed in size (transitional pores_??_macro pores). On the acid adsorption, the basic sites are protonated and anions are adsorbed on these protonated sites concomitantly. Adsorption isotherms of acids and acid dyes can be regarded as the Langmuir type, but the saturated adsorption amount observed varies with the ion size of anions, because the physical adsorption takes place along with the ionic adsorption and the accessibility of the basic site is influenced by the radius of pores.
    -Δμ° values obtained are 10.5_??_13.6kcal/mol for TChP and -ΔH° values are 6.5 (HCl) and 8.5_??_13.1 kcal/mol (the other acids and acid dyes) for TChP. By assuming that Cl_??_has no contribution to the standard affinity and heat of adsorption, thermodynamic parameters for adsorption of proton and anions can be calculated. From the relationship between ΔS° values obtained for ions and the hydration, it is concluded that the structural change of water plays an important role in the adsorption as found for the cases of dyeing of protein and polyamide fibers with acid dyes.
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  • The Recent Trend of Researches for the Structure and Properties of Poly (ethylene Terephthalate) Fibers
    ATSUO KONDA
    1982 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages P137-P145
    Published: March 10, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.38.3_P137
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  • SORPTION EQUILIBRIUM OF DISPERSE DYES IN ANNEALED POLYPROPYLENE FILMS
    Koichiro Yonetake, Taeko Jin, Toru Masuko, Mikio Karasawa
    1982 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages T142-T145
    Published: March 10, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.38.3_T142
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    The annealed polypropylene (PP) films of crystallinity Cx (0.55_??_0.59) have been dyed with three water-soluble disperse dyes at a selected dyeing temperature ranging from 75°C to 90°C. The thermodynamic parameters of dyeing were determined from the adsorption isotherms by assuming the effective internal volume of PP to be (1-Cx )/ρa, where ρa is the amorphous density of PP. The values of standard enthalpy change (-ΔH°) and entropy change (-ΔS°) of dyeing thus determined were found to be positive, and decreased as the hydrophobic nature of the dye increased. On the other hand, the standard affinity increased with increasing the hydrophobicity of dye. This finding supports the idea that the entropic interaction forces between polypropylene and disperse dyes play an important role in the dyeing process of PP.
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  • High Performance Fibers in Non-Textile Use
    KENICHI MORITA, MAKOTO KOUNOSU
    1982 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages P146-P155
    Published: March 10, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.38.3_P146
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  • Recent Developments in Cellulose Chemistry and Technology
    KEI MATSUZAKI, KAZUO UDA
    1982 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages P156-P165
    Published: March 10, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.38.3_P156
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