Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
Volume 40, Issue 9
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
  • EFFECT OF DRAW RATIO ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MOLECULAR ORIENTATION
    M. Takahiro, N. Okui, T. Sakai
    1984 Volume 40 Issue 9 Pages T311-T316
    Published: September 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Super-drawn polyethylene filaments were produced by a zone-drawing method with oscillatory stress in the range of the crystalline relaxation temperature. Resultant fibers showed transparence, homogeneous diameter and smooth fiber surface. Good linear relationship was obtained between the reciprocal of Young's modulus and that of draw ratio squared (1/λ2). Plots of birefringence against 1/λ2 were also fitted well with a straight line. Orientation of the tie molecules in the amorphous state is responsible for large increase in Young's modulus. The average molecular orientation angle of the tie molecules was also found to be proportional to 1 /λ2. This orientation behavior during drawing process may suggest that tie molecules can be deformed to the drawing direction but not perpendicular to it.
    Download PDF (397K)
  • Hatsuho Uedaira, Aizo Yamauchi, Junichi Nagasawa, Hisao Ichijo, Tetsur ...
    1984 Volume 40 Issue 9 Pages T317-T321
    Published: September 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Thermal stability of invertase in aqueous solutions and immobilized in the films of two kinds of the photocrosslinked poly (vinyl alcohol) s, one of which additionally contained trimethylanilinium group, was studied calorimetrically. Calorimetric data showed that in aqueous solution, native invertase had an oligomeric structure. The denaturation temperature of invertase was raised and denaturation enthalpy was decreased by immobilization. The denaturation temperature of immobilized invertase, as well as in aqueous solution, was strongly affected by the pH of the solution into which sample films were dipped. The stabilizing effect can be explained largely by the effect of high concentration of invertase in the networks of PVA film.
    Download PDF (363K)
  • Kiyoshi Ishii
    1984 Volume 40 Issue 9 Pages T322-T326
    Published: September 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The preceding study showed that certain micro-void spaces were effectively introduced into Chinon fiber by treating the fibrous material with some proteolytic enzymes. In the present study, thus introduced micro-void spaces were examined for improving effect on warmth-retaining property of Chinon fiber. For the purpose, the thermal conductivity observed in a compressed pad specimen composed of multi-layers of the protease-treated Chinon fabrics was divided into three portions, i.e., thermal conductivities depending on the fibrous material, the air in the inter-fiber space, and the air held in the intra-fiber micro-voids. Since the intra-fiber space was considered to be a property specific to the enzyme-treated fiber, the thermal conductivity effective to warmth-retaining property was evaluated from both those of air retained in the micro-voids and of the portion of solid in the fiber. As a result, it was revealed that the effective thermal conductivity of Chinon fiber (0.227 kcal/m/h/deg) could be reduced to a level comparable to that of wool (0.19 kcal/m/h/deg).
    Download PDF (339K)
  • Kunio Nakamura, Hyoe Hatakeyama
    1984 Volume 40 Issue 9 Pages T327-T331
    Published: September 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers such as styrene, vinyl acetate, methylmethacrylate, and methylacrylate on to sericin using radical initiators was studied. Sericin was obtained by scouring silk fibers. The effect of experimental conditions on total conversion, grafting ratio and grafting efficiency was studied by varying the concentrations of radical initiators and vinyl monomers, reaction time, reaction temperature etc.
    It was found that water-soluble initiators were superior to water-insoluble ones in obtaining graft-copolymers having homogeneous molecular weight distribution and that grafting of vinyl monomers on to sericin was strongly dependent on kinds of vinyl monomers. Therefore, selection of graft initiators and monomers seems to be essential for obtaining graft-copolymers of sericin having preferable properties.
    Download PDF (345K)
  • Hirohisa Yoshida, Kunio Nakamura, Tatsuko Hatakeyama, Hyoe Hatakeyama
    1984 Volume 40 Issue 9 Pages T332-T336
    Published: September 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A typical vinyl monomers, such as methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene (St), methacrylic acid (MA) and vinyl acetate (VAc) were copolymerized with sericin dispersed in waste water, which was obtained in the separation of fibroin from raw silk thread. The glass transition temperatures of St/sericin and MMA/sericin copolymers decreased with increasing sericin content. The Young's modulus and absorption energy at break, calculated from stress-strain curves of films changed as a function of sericin content. The value of tensile strength of MMA/sericin copolymer showed the maximum at around 0.15 sericin content. The microcrazing structure was observed on the fracture surface of the copolymers having the maximum tensile strength, by both scanning electron and polarized light microscopies. Ductile properties of copolymers were thought to be caused by the small amount of sericin constituent, when mechanical stress was concentrated and absorbed.
    Download PDF (797K)
  • Norihiro Inagaki, Hideshi Kawai
    1984 Volume 40 Issue 9 Pages T337-T343
    Published: September 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Glow discharge polymerization in mixture systems of fluorocarbons such as tetrafluoromethane, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, and perfluorotoluene; and ammonia gas was investigated by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and ESCA. Some physical properties for the products were discussed. Glow discharge polymerization in these mixture systems was accelerated by the addition of NH3 gas. Fluorine atoms were liberated from C-F bonds by the addition of NH3 gas, and nitrogen residues mainly in amido forms were incorporated into the formed polymers. The surface of the formed polymers changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic by the addition of NH3 gas. The gas permeability of the formed films was controlled by the NH3 concentration, and the relative ratio in the permeability coefficient of oxygen and of nitrogen gas reached to more than 2.
    Download PDF (483K)
  • DECOLORIZATION RATE OF DYES BY SEVERAL STRAINS
    Chizuko Yatome, Toshihiko Ogawa, Eiichi Idaka
    1984 Volume 40 Issue 9 Pages T344-T349
    Published: September 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Microbial degradation by several strains isolated from activated sludge was studied for azo, triphenylmethane, anthraquinone and methine dyes. The activity of the strains to degrade the dyes was evaluated from the decolorization rate of the dyes. The dyes were decolorized selectively: monoazo dyes (p-aminoazobenzene, C. I. Acid Orange 7, C. I. Acid Orange 20 and C. I. Acid Red 88), most readily; diazo dyes (C. I. Direct Red 28 and C. I. Direct Yellow 4), triphenylmethane dyes (C. I. Basic Red 9, C. I. Basic Violet 1 and C. I. Basic Violet 3), anthraquinone dye (C. I. Disperse Violet 1) and methine dye (C. I. Basic Orange 21), least readily.
    The effects of the dyes on the growth of the strains were studied. From the results, it was observed that p-aminoazobenzene which was most readily decolorized by Pseudomonas sp. and C. I. Acid Orange 20 which was most readily decolorized by strain-3, had unfavorable effects on the growth of the strains, and that C. I. Direct Red 28 which was least readily decolorized by Pseudomonas sp., strain-4, strain-2 and C. I. Acid Orange 20 which was least readily decolorized by strain-l, had no effects on the growth of the strains. The permeability of the monoazo dyes through the cell membrane of Gram-negative strains was discussed.
    Download PDF (344K)
  • Waichiro Tsuji, Tokie Nakao, Yumi Doyama, Kanae Hayashi, Noriko Nishim ...
    1984 Volume 40 Issue 9 Pages T350-T358
    Published: September 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of some modifications of cotton and polyester fibers on the soiling and soil release properties were studied. Carbon tetrachloride dispersions of carbon black containing oily components were chiefly used as soiling liquor. Among several chemical modifications of cotton fiber, carboxy-methylation and acetylation gave especially low degree of soiling and high soil release. Polyester fabrics treated with hot aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and those dyeable with cationic dyes showed high soil release. It was recognized that the degree of soiling and soil release were fairly affected by the construction of fabrics. Fabrics of low weave density and knitting generally showed high degree of soiling. Polyester fabrics and yarns composed of the filaments having complicated cross-sectional shape such as octalobal showed soil release lower than that of circular cross-sectional filament. Dry soiling methods were also examined. Transfer soiling method using soiled polyurethane cubes gave uniform soiling.
    Download PDF (1592K)
  • Yu-ichi Shimizu, Yasunori Hukumori, Mitsuo Takai, Jisuke Hayashi
    1984 Volume 40 Issue 9 Pages T359-T364
    Published: September 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    For the enzymatic hydrolysis, the effect of the pretreatment of delignification by alkali-oxygen oxidation has been studied. The extent of delignification by the pretreatment at various conditions and the digestibility by enzyme were measured to estimate the effect.
    With the progress of delignification, the digestibility increased. After pretreatment at 80°C with 1.5-2% or 60°C with 3% sodium hydroxide at 5kg/cm2 G initial oxygen pressure, the extent of delignification was about 80% and the digestibility reached to 90% from 20% for the unpretreated sample.
    Based on the sugar analysis, it was shown that 50mg/ml of total reducing sugars corresponding to weight loss during the hydrolysis was formed.
    The delignification in excess made no contribution to improve the digestibility by enzyme and this was disadvantage from the viewpoint of the yield of bagasse.
    When the pretreatment was carried out by the initial oxygen pressure of 2 or 0kg/cm2 G, both of the delignification and the digestibility by enzyme were not so changed. This indicates that so high pressure is not necessary for the pretreatment.
    Download PDF (383K)
  • Fujio Konda, Shinya Kurosaki, Teruyuki Yokoi
    1984 Volume 40 Issue 9 Pages T365-T370
    Published: September 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The sliver separation behavior was investigated by power spectrum. The sliver was separated into small fiber assemblies by applying an opening device with a combing roller as well as air suction. The size of separated fiber assemblies was measured after amplification by a photoelectric method and recorded in a digital memory. Time series data were subjected to the fast Fourier transformation and then to the inverse Fourier transformation. The variation in separation behavior under several air suction velocities was analyzed in terms of the power spectrum and autocorrelation function. The separation behavior within a short period of time is random and exhibits a tendency of pink noise. On the other hand, the variation during a long period of time exhibits a tendency of white noise except in the lower frequency region. Irregularity existing in the sliver was revealed in the power spectrum in the low frequency region after separation.
    Download PDF (404K)
  • E. G. Jefferson
    1984 Volume 40 Issue 9 Pages P557-P563
    Published: September 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (600K)
  • William A. Klopman
    1984 Volume 40 Issue 9 Pages P564-P576
    Published: September 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (1254K)
  • Fumio Tanaka
    1984 Volume 40 Issue 9 Pages P577-P594
    Published: September 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (1568K)
  • Tsuguhide Fujiyoshi
    1984 Volume 40 Issue 9 Pages P595-P602
    Published: September 10, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (640K)
feedback
Top