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Volume 41, Issue 3
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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IKUO NARISAWA1985 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages P81-P88
Published: March 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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NOBUO OGATA1985 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages P89-P95
Published: March 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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TADAHIKO TAKATA1985 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages P96-P101
Published: March 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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FINE STRUCTUTE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FIBERSJiro Shimizu, Norimasa Okui, Shigeki Tamaki, Yoshitaka Imai, Akira Tak ...1985 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages T101-T108
Published: March 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNylon 66 fibers have been produced by high speed melt spinning method in the range of take-up velocity 500 to 8, 000m/min. Physical properties of as-spun nylon 66 fibers strongly depend on the passage of time after spinning, as shown in the case of nylon 6. Fibers spun in the range of 500-3000m/min exhibit spontaneous elongation with the passage of time and those spun above 4, 000 m/min contract immediately after removal from the take-up bobbin. Fibers elongate during the time conditioning in the atmosphere, 25°C and RH=50%, for 24 hours and crystallization of the fibers can be easily induced by water, which can penetrate the fiber surface. Maximum elongation of the conditioned fibers is found at a take-up speed of ca. 2, 000m/min and contraction starts at 4, 000 m/min.
Birefringence of the conditioned fibers largely increases with take-up speed up to 2, 000m/min but small changes in birefringence are found from this take-up speed onwards. On the other hand, an increase density of the fibers starts at the take-up speed of 3, 000m/min. At spinning speeds above 4, 000m/min, the fibers show a definitive x-ray crystalline diffraction pattern and are constructed with well developed fiber structure based on high crystalline orientation, high crystalline perfection and large crystallite sizes. In such fiber structure, amorphous chains are stretched and frozen between the lamellar crystals. The stretched molecules, taut tie molecules, cause a superheating behavior on DSC thermogram and strongly affect mechanical properties.
Fibers spun at speeds below 3, 000m/min exhibit spontaneous increase in tenacity and Young's modulus but they show levelling-off in the range of 3, 000-5, 000m/min and then increase again from these spinning speeds onwards. On annealing, Young's modulus of the fibers spun at take-up speeds above 4, 000-5, 000m/min decrease. This is caused by relaxation of the constrained molecules. On the other hand, an increase in Young's modulus is observed when fibers spun at speeds below 4, 000-5, 000m/min are annealed. This is attributed to the effect of increasing crystallinity which compensates that of relaxation of the oriented molecules.View full abstractDownload PDF (956K) -
Takayuki Murayama1985 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages T109-T113
Published: March 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pulse propagation technique has been useful to determine the dynamic Young's modulus of a wide range of materials. However, the applicability of the sonic technique to internal friction measurements on solids has not been exploited fully. In this report the theoretical and experimental studies on determination of internal friction of solids with the pulse propagation method are described. New instrumentation and a procedure for internal friction measurements are discussed.
The internal frictions are determined for the experimental polymer solids. Polyimid (PI), polyetherimide (Ultem), polyethersulfone (PES) and polyphenylene oxide show lower internal friction which indicates that polymers have stiff chain molecules in the structure and show high glass transition temperatures.
This method will be useful for non-destructive measurement of internal friction and opening new areas of application.View full abstractDownload PDF (294K) -
Nobuyuki Tanaka, Tetsuo Miyazaki, Mitsuru Goto1985 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages T114-T116
Published: March 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe strain recovery elasticity caused by the rapid removal of a load m2 from the load (ml+m2) on a fiber was studied for the poly (vinylidene fluoride) fibers. The spring constant C of a poly (vinylidene fluoride) fiber was given by where X is the initial velocity of strain recovery at t (time)=O and G is the gravitational acceleration. In the range of m1<1.8kg, the values of C were obtained in the low and high loading ranges of m2 (m2<0.6_??_0.8kg and m2>1.0_??_1.2kg), respectively. The C in the high loading range was larger than that in the low loading range. Increasing m1, the both values of C decreased with mutual approach and coincided in the range of m1>1.8kg. The m1=1.8kg corresponded to an yield strength in the strength vs. elongation curve. The value of C in the range of m2>1.0_??_1.2kg under m1>0.5kg was almost constant and was in fair agreement with the calculated spring constant of the poly (vinylidene fluoride) form I crystallite (1.67×109 dyne/cm).View full abstractDownload PDF (183K) -
Takashi Komori1985 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages T117-T119
Published: March 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSQuantitative measures are proposed to express the anisotropy distribution of interfaces formed between grains or components in a polycrystalline or composite material. The anisotropy of the system is described in terms of the distribution function of local interface orientation. The distribution function is related to an experimentally observable quantity through an integral equation. A sum rule derived makes it possible to estimate the total area of interface in the system.View full abstractDownload PDF (216K) -
Akira Nakayama1985 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages T120-T124
Published: March 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, the bending behavior of laminated cloths with stitched parallel seam lines (stitch pitch; p) and laminated cloths with cross seam lines were examined in various deflecting conditions.
The results are as follows:
(1) In the case of laminated cloths with parallel seam lines stitched along the lateral direction, the bending rigidities of nonstitched parts between the seam lines stepped down from (EI)1 to (EI)2 (where (EI)2>(EI)2), when the mean deflection angle, _??_A, of the nonstitched parts exceeded the critical deflection angle _??_crt.
Consequently, if _??_crt, (EI1) and (EI)2 were previously obtained using model specimen (i), the bending behavior of the above-mentioned laminated cloths in various deflecting conditions could be evaluated by the flow chart shown in Fig. 6.
(2) If sufficient width were given to specimens, the bending behavior of laminated cloths with parallel seam lines stitched along the longitudinal direction or along the bias direction could be practically analyzed using the method developed for the seamed monolayer cloths3).View full abstractDownload PDF (345K) -
Jiro Seta, Mina Takeno, Taro Shimada, Taisuke Ito1985 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages T125-T130
Published: March 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of pressure on the diffusion coefficient D of p-aminoazobenzene in cellulose diacetate swollen with water, benzene and n-alcohols of structure CnH2n+1OH was investigated at 80°C under high hydrostatic pressures up to 1500 bar. From the pressure dependence of D, the activation volume, ΔV_??_, for the diffusion was found to be 20.9 cm3/mol for the water swollen and 39.5 cm3/mol for the benzene swollen system, while, for n-alcohols, ΔV_??_ was found to increase linearly with the increase in the carbon number n, from 17.7 cm3/mol for n-propanol to 42.9 cm3/mol for n-heptanol, resulting in a ΔV_??_ increment of 6 cm3/mol per one methylene unit. On the other hand, the degree of swelling, S, of cellulose diacetate was obtained to be approximately the same in benzene and in all the alcohols, 19-20%. This value of S was more than twice as large as the value found in water (S=7.5%).
The above results were apparently inconsistent with our previous argument that ΔV_??_ should decrease with increasing degree of swelling which supplies the larger free volume and hence reduced ΔV_??_. A diffusion mechanism was proposed for the increased occupied volume of the diffusant due to the solvation by a specific solvent. Thus the volume of the Eyring's hole for accommodation of the activated diffusant increases with increasing number of solvation as well as increasing intrinsic volume of the solvent molecule. During these processes, it is to be noticed that the free volume effect due to the swelling, which has been proposed in a previous study, is superseded by the effect of solvation.View full abstractDownload PDF (392K) -
THE EFFECT OF POLYMERS HAVING ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTIVE GROUPS ON PHOTOFADING RATE OF ACRIDINE ORANGE NHiromasa Suzuki, Yoshiji Ishii, Yuya Yamashita1985 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages T131-T137
Published: March 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe photofading of Acridine Orange N in dioxane-ethanol mixture has been studied in the presence of copolymers having 2-hydroxybenzophenone (HBP) group as a ultraviolet absorptive group on the polymer side-chain, 2-hydroxy-4-(3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-benzophenone (BPMA) homopolymer, polystyrene (PSt), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (HMBP).
PSB was obtained by copolymerization of styrene (St) with BPMA, and PMB also obtained by copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with BPMA. PSB contained St unit (main-chain) and HBP unit (8.9_??_14.2%), and PMB contained MMA unit (main-chain) and HBP unit (3.7_??_7.2%), while BPMA homopolymer (PBPMA) contained 100% HBP unit.
The results of photofading of Acridine Orange N in the solutions containing these polymers or DHBP are summarised as follows. PSB, PMB, PBPMA and HMBP played roles of retarder on the photofading rate of the dye, with the effects in the following order: PSB>PBPMA>HMBP>PMB.
A slight retardation effect was also observed with PSt, while PMMA acted as an accelerator. From these results it is reasonably concluded that the differences in the dye protective behaviors for light between PSB and PMB must be associated with the structural features, in particular, in the main-chain of these polymers.
The fading of the dye was more marked with light in the wavelength region of 300_??_400nm than in the wavelengths >400nm, and the retarding action of HBP group was remarkably observed with 300_??_400nm light.
Stern-Volmer plot (see Fig. 5) showed that HBP group acts as quenchers in the case of the low concentration of these additives.View full abstractDownload PDF (512K)
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