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Volume 42, Issue 11
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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KUNIO MAKISHIMA1986 Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages P441-P448
Published: November 10, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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For the Accurate Determination of Frank Elastic and Leslie Viscosity ConstantsJUN-ICHI HIRAKATA, GOU-PING CHEN, ATSUO FUKUDA1986 Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages P449-P459
Published: November 10, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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KAZUYUKI YABUKI1986 Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages P460-P465
Published: November 10, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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MAKOTO URABE1986 Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages P466-P470
Published: November 10, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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KOUJI FUKUDA1986 Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages P471-P476
Published: November 10, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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Hiroshi Mitomo, Peter J. Barham, Andrew Keller1986 Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages T589-T596
Published: November 10, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPoly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and its copolymer, poly (-β-hydroxybutyrate-β-hydroxyvalerate) P(HB-HV) are thermoplastic polyesters produced by bacterial fermentation. Because of bacterial origins PHB and its copolymers are very pure. Lamellar thickening behaviour of these polymers is expected to be almost ideal so that we can easily infer how to act the minor component (HV) within the major component (HB) on annealing. Melting points and long spacings of these polymers annealed at various temperatures were surveyed by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray scattering. Some thermodynamic constants of these polymers, i.e. the equilibrium melting point, the end surface free energy and so on, were proposed from the experimental results. The mixing state of both components in a molecular chain and in crystalline region was discussed. It was inferred that HV component considered to copolymerize almost at random can not crystallize at all, and does not have much effect upon the lattice indices of the crystal of HB component, but has a severe effect upon crystallization characteristics of the copolymer.View full abstractDownload PDF (2366K) -
(I) DEPENDENCE OF TRANSITIONAL BEHAVIOR ON HARD/SOFT SEGMENTAL RATIOKohji Tashiro, Masanao Hiramatsu, Tadaoki Ii, Masamichi Kobayashi, Hir ...1986 Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages T597-T605
Published: November 10, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStress-induced solid-state transition has been found to occur in the multi block copolymers of poly (tetramethylene terephthalate) [PTMT] and poly (tetramethylene oxide) [PTMO]. In the crystalline regions of PTMT hard segments, the reversible structural change has been observed when the uniaxially-oriented sample is stretched along the draw direction. This is essentially the same phenomenon as that observed in PTMT homopolymer, although the transition in the block-copolymer requires appreciably larger tensile strain than the homopolymer case because of the coexistence of the PTMO soft segments with very low Young's modulus. In the PTMO soft segments, which are in the amorphous state at room temperature under free tension, there has been found to occur the stress-induced crystallization into the fully extended trans-zigzag conformation. At lower temperature below the glass transition point, these transitions in the hard and soft segments can be observed more clearly and sharply. The transitional behaviors have been compared among a series of samples with different molar fractions of PTMT hard segments and interpreted semiquantitatively based on a simple mechanical series model coupled with the crystalline phase transition in the PTMT hard segment. By measuring the temperature dependence of the critical stress at which the phase transition occurs abruptly, the transitional enthalpy and entropy have been evaluated.View full abstractDownload PDF (592K) -
Nobuyuki Tanaka1986 Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages T606-T609
Published: November 10, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy using the modified Flory's equation on the melting of copolymers, the relationships have been investigated between the melting temperature and the composition for the rotational isomeric states models of atactic polypropylene, ethylene/propylene and propylene/ethylene copolymers of (A-B)n and random types. Atactic polypropylene may be treated as a binary copolymer composed of meso and racemi units. For these models, the common characters are found in the Tm vs. composition curves. For models with n=1, the depression of Tm is negligibly small. The larger the n, the larger the Tm depression, approaching to the curves for the random type models. The conformational contribution to the melting point depression of copolymers is correlated with the sequential probability of crystallizable unit in a chain as functions of number and length of sequences of major component units.View full abstractDownload PDF (203K) -
I. ANOMALOUS ELECTRIFICATIONShigeyoshi Osaki1986 Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages T610-T617
Published: November 10, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElectrification of pressure-sensitive adhesive paper due to peeling was studied by measuring the electric charge and the surface potential with use of toner for electrophotography and a surface potentialmeter, respectively. It was found that the electric charge on the surface of the release-coating after completion of peeling was negative in a sign S near the starting portion from which the release-coating was peeled, while it was positive in a sign E near the end portion. The surface potentials of both the peeled release-coating and the unpeeled face-stock in region E increased with increasing lable-length. The surface potential of the peeled release-coating had a maximum at a peeling rate of about 0.6cm/sec while that of the unpeeled face-stock increased monotonically as the adhesive paper was peeled. These findings suggest that the anomalous electrification should be due to electric polarization induced by peeling.View full abstractDownload PDF (1118K) -
Seiichi Ito, Chiharu Okada1986 Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages T618-T625
Published: November 10, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe molecular weight distributions were estimated for the acrylonitrile-vinyl acetate copolymers (93:7 in weight), which were prepared by continuous polymerization in aqueous medium with the persulfate-bisulfite-ion redox system under the conditions of water/monomer ratio varied in the range from 4 to 1.75 in weight.
The molecular weight distributions were evaluated by_??_ratios estimated from viscosity and osmotic measurements, and by_??_ratios estimated from gel permeation chromatography. The molecular weight distributions of these polymers were so broad that_??_ratio varied between 4 and 6. No marked difference was observed in the molecular weight distribution of the polymers prepared under the conditions mentioned above.View full abstractDownload PDF (453K) -
Zenzo Morita, Hiromi Motomura1986 Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages T626-T635
Published: November 10, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe diffusion with simultaneous reaction in cellophane films for 11 vinylsulfonyl reactive dyes was measured at the temperature range between 40 and 60°C by a cylindrical film roll method. Within the pH range examined, the experimental profiles of active and fixed species agreed with the theoretical ones. The pseudofirst-order rate constants, kc, of the reaction with cellulose and the contribution of the hydrolysis in cellulose were evaluated from the experimental profiles. The plots between log kc and pH over the wide range of pH and temperature were linear and had the slope of unity with some exceptions. Under a definite condition, the value of kc for C. I. Reactive Orange 7 was largest and that for Violet 4 was smallest; Black 5 yielding two reactive groups showed a slightly smaller value of kc than that for Orange 7. The contribution of hydrolysis in cellulose was almost negligible under the experimental conditions examined. The activation energies of the reaction with cellulose had the values of 90-140kJ/mol and those of diffusion were in the range from 30 to 50kJ/mol. The former ones were in between those for di- and monochlorotriazinyl reactive dyes, and the latter ones were nearly similar to those for the other reactive dyes.View full abstractDownload PDF (633K) -
Hisao Ichijo, Tetsuro Suehiro, Jun-ichi Nagasawa, Aizo Yamauchi, Michi ...1986 Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages T636-T642
Published: November 10, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFilter paper was made of short cut poly (vinyl alcohol) super fine fibers (SFF) to construct a very efficient small-sized enzyme reactor. A high space velocity and a high reaction efficiency were achieved with the reactor. A mathematical model based on the Langmuir adsorption mechanism and perfect-mixing tanks was proposed to analyze enzyme adsorption by SFF filter paper (SFP). It was found that the model was reasonable to simulate the invertase adsorption by SFP. Michaelis constant was estimated from equations based on the model and the data obtained from continuous sucrose hydrolysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (453K) -
Yoshio Shimizu, Hiroko Shimizu, Atsuo Konda1986 Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages T643-T650
Published: November 10, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the mechanism of the contact behavior of integrated filament or staple such as knitted fabric and woven fabric, we have developed a system to measure the condition of the contact caused by pressure between fabric and solid hard flat surface. This system is composed of three parts: (1) to apply pressure to a sample, (2) to detect the contact spots and (3) to analyze the detected data.
By using this system we clarified the contact behavior of a polyester taffeta which consists of very crimped warp and of relatively straight weft. As a result we discovered that the mechanism of the contact behavior can be divided into following four regions: (1) the contact region in which the contact behavior is elastic, (2) the region in which the contact spot is deformed into slenderness within the warp filament, (3) the region in which the weft filament comes to contact and (4) the region in which the contact spots begin to harden by mutual interaction.
As mentioned above, we discovered that this system is of great use in order to analyze the contact behavior of the material with the complicatedly structured surface.View full abstractDownload PDF (1547K) -
Masakazu Yoshikawa, Masakazu Suzuki, Kohei Sanui, Naoya Ogata1986 Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages T651-T653
Published: November 10, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSActive transport of amino acids, such as glycine, leucine, and phenylalanine, was carried out through poly (1-alkyl-4-vinylpyridinium iodide-co-acrylonitrile) (alkyl: methyl (2) or butyl (3)) membranes, having cationic charge site as a fixed carrier for amino acids. Amino acids were transported by an antiport mechanism with Br- transfer. Permeability of these two membranes toward amino acids was as follows: for membrane 2, Gly> Leu> Phe; for membrane 3, Gly> Phe_??_Leu.View full abstractDownload PDF (194K) -
Akira Isogai, Atsushi Ishizu, Junzo Nakano1986 Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages T654-T656
Published: November 10, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dissolution mechanism of cellulose in the N204-DMSO system was studied by comparing 1H-NMR spectra of cellulose/N204-DMSO solutions with those of methanol/N204-DMSO solutions. In the dissolved state, cellulose was found to form trinitrite ester, and this formation reaction was irreversible in DMSO.View full abstractDownload PDF (829K)
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