Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
Volume 43, Issue 12
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
  • (I) AN ANNEALING EFFECT ON THE STRUCTURE
    Kohji Tashiro, Yoshihiro Nakata, Tadaoki Ii, Masamichi Kobayashi, Yozo ...
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 12 Pages 627-636
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The X-ray diffraction and infrared spectra have been measured for the aramide copolymer fibers (M50) produced by the condensation polymerization between p-phenylenediamine/3, 4′-diaminodiphenylether equimolar mixture and terephthalic chloride. The X-ray diagram of the unannealed fiber is diffuse and apparently assumed to be an overlap of the patterns of the homopolymers of each component 1 and 2 with poor crystallinity. After annealing at 400°C, where the large weight loss was observed, the X-ray and infrared patterns were found to coincide essentially with those of the homopolymer 1 i.e., poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide (PPTA). The X-ray and infrared spectra of the homopolymer 2 (M100) was found to change into the structureless broad pattern after annealed at 400°C. These experimental results indicate that (1) some crystalline domains consisting only of one component (1 or 2) are existent in the original copolymer sample and (2) the heat treatment above 400°C degrades chemically the component 2 and then only the component 1 remains left, giving a relatively high-crystalline pattern of PPTA. The sample was found to change into the carbon fiber by annealing above 500°C.
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  • Tetsuya Nakao
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 12 Pages 637-643
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The acoustic emission (AE) source wave analysis was applied to the breaking of the wood with a glue line. Tapered double-cantilever beams were used as the test specimens. In the case of solid wood, the value of critical energy release rate obtained from the released energy in the source wave analysis was in good agreement with that from the fracture load. In the breaking of the glue lines, the ratio of the critical energy release rate from the fracture load to the released energy in the source wave analysis decreased with decreasing the wood failure. On the other hand, the decrease of the ratio can be attributed to the decrease of the fracture strain of glue lines. The above results show that the fracture pattern of the breaking of the glue lines is the interfacial failure in the category for the glue line failure.
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  • Kiyoshi Ishii
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 12 Pages 644-649
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    When Chinon fabric was treated with some proteases to introduce micro-void spaces by eliminating the protein component in its unit fibers, frictional electrification of the fabric apparently increased. It was found that the electrification was effectively prevented by depositing insoluble tin phosphate in the micro-void spaces of the unit fibers. This effect was ascribed to a significant increase in the electric conductivity of the fabric by the insoluble and highly hygroscopic tin salt. Furthermore, the deposited salt was mostly held in the fabric even after washing under home laundry conditions. Thus, the effect to prevent frictional electrification was considered to be practically durable in the protease-treated Chinon fabric. It was also confirmed that the tin-treatment as well as the enzyme-treatment gave no practical effect on various physical properties of Chinon fabric except for the frictional electrification and dyeing property.
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  • Chiyoji Hitomi, Chuji Inukai, Rinijiro Ichikawa
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 12 Pages 650-658
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to prepare transparent and optically isotropic films with high heat and solvent resistivities and good mechanical properties, many kinds of polymer resins were studied. Phenoxy resins crosslinked with isocyanate curing agents were found to give films with desired properties. The following isocyanate curing agents were used: trimethylolpropane adducted with toluenediisocyanate (TDIT), xylene diisocyanate (XDIT), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDIT). The effects of these curing agents on the properties of resulted films were appreciable, regardless of the degree of the reaction, suggesting the importance of the chemical structure of the curing agent. The films with the best qualities were obtained by TDIT curing. HDIT cured films had high tear strength but were inferior in the heat and solvent resistivities. The superior characteristics of film cured with TDIT may be mainly due to the rigidity of the aromatic rings of TDIT.
    The following results were obtained for TDIT cured films: (1) The optimum mole ratio of TDIT to phenoxy resin was between 0.8 and 1.0. (2) In the case of mole ratio 1:1, the empirical relation, logt=5.127-0.026 T was found between curing temperature (T) and aging time required for high solvent resistivity (t). (3) The films cured at 150°C had higher heat resistivity and better mechanical properties than those cured at 90°C, suggesting that higher temperature curing is more effective.
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  • Chiyoji Hitomi, Chuji Inukai, Rinjiro Ichikawa
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 12 Pages 659-665
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The deformation of optically isotropic and transparent film of phenoxy resin cured with TDIT (an adduct of trimethylolpropane and trylenediisocyanate) has been investigated in cyclohexanone at 90°C. After the film was immersed in the solvent it curled and later swelled. The film surface (surface B) which came into contact with the substrate and was not exposed to the air during casting, curled inwards independent of the direction of heating during curing. The degree of curling increased with decreasing time and increasing humidity during the evaporation of solvent. The thickness of the dye containing layer of the film surface (surface F) which was exposed to the air during casting is about 2.6 times that of surface B. The IR spectrum shows that the amount of unreacted isocyanate group is lower on surface F (about 5μm) than on surface B. This suggests that the reactivity of the isocyanate group of the curing agent when there is moisture in the air is higher than that of the secondary alcohol of phenoxy resins. This implies that density of crosslinking is lower at surface F and that the different crosslinking densities of the two surfaces of the film causes curling.
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  • Toshihiro Hirotsu, Shigeru Nakajima
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 12 Pages 666-668
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Acrylic acid and acrylamide were graft polymerized onto polyester fabrics via the surface activation by glow discharge plasma, and the antistatic properties were investigated. Antistaticity was not practically performed in the neutral state of the graft polymers, but the properties were remarkably improved by the ionization of the graft layers; namely by the treatment of the acrylic acid graft polymers with the dilute aqueous NaOH solution, and by the hydrolysis of the acrylamide graft polymers and the successive ionization. 0.3% of grafting was effective enough for the antistaticity of the polyester fabrics. Moisture regain was also increased with the graft polymerization of these hydrophilic monomers, and the improvement was much prominent in the ionized state of the polymers. It was suggested that the increase of the antistaticity was mainly ascribed to the ionic structure on the graft polymer layers, but not so much to the moisture regain.
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  • YUKIO IMANISHI
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 12 Pages P475-P481
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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  • YOSHIO OKAHATA
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 12 Pages P482-P488
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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  • Takehisa MATSUDA
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 12 Pages P489-P496
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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  • SHOJI NAGAOKA
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 12 Pages P497-P502
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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  • ISAO KAETSU
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 12 Pages P503-P511
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • MASAKI MIYAMOTO, SHIGERU SASAKAWA
    1987 Volume 43 Issue 12 Pages P512-P518
    Published: December 10, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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