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Volume 44, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Yuji Kimura, Toshiro Iijima1988 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: January 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe theory of Teorell, Meyer and Sievers (TMS theory) could explain quite well the experimental results of the membrane potential and salt permeability through charged cellulosic membranessodium benzene sulfonic acid systems in higher salt concentration ranges than the effective fixed charge density (Cx) of the membranes. However, in lower concentration ranges the deviation was not negligible. To improve the agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical prediction, a non-homogeneous membrane model was proposed, in which we assume the two parallel distinguishable pathways. One is the region where the Donnan equilibrium holds and the other is the region where the Donnan relation does not hold. Using the equations derived based on the non-homogeneous membrane model the data points on the membrane potential and salt permeability through the membranes were successfully explained in the whole range of the salt concentration examined. The parameters obtained were compared with that from TMS theory.View full abstractDownload PDF (407K) -
(II) THERMOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT OF THE ULTRASONIC AND CRYSTALLITE MODULI AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATUREKohji Tashiro, Yoshihiro Nakata, Tadaoki Ii, Masamichi Kobayashi, Yozo ...1988 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 7-12
Published: January 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe crystallite modulus El has been measured by the X-ray diffraction method for aramide copolymer (M50), synthesized by the condensation polymerization between p-phenylenediamine/3, 4'-diaminodiphenylether equimolar mixture and terephthalic chloride, and the homopolymers of each component 1 and 2; The values are compared with the macroscopic moduli Es measured by the ultrasonic method; An introduction of other kind of monomer unit was found to decrease the crystallite modulus of PPTA remarkably. The thermal shrinkage and the temperature dependence of sonic compliance have been measured for the M50 fiber based on the thermomechanical analysis; the curves are found to show the several deflection points at the temperatures corresponding to the structure changes reported in the previous paper (Sen-i Gakkaishi, 43, 627 (1987)).View full abstractDownload PDF (409K) -
Yasusato Sugahara, Akira Takahashi1988 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 13-18
Published: January 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeterogeneous hydrolysis of three cellulose species, Cotton linter (C), NBSP (P) and Regenerated cellulose (R) having a different degree of crystallinity, and homogeneous hydrolysis of P sample were carried out using sulfuric acid. The following results were obtained.
The rate of hydrolysis was greater in such a sample with a low crystallinity, and it was in the order of C<P<R sample. When hydrolyzed with 3N H2SO4 at 100°C, _??_, _??_and Polydispersity (PD) initially decreased rapidly and then became constant. The leveling off values of _??_, _??_and PD were about 700, 200, and 3.5, respectively (C, P sample). The corresponding values for R sample were about 50, 40 and 1.2. In case of homogeneous system of P sample after 30min hydrolysis, _??_, _??_and PD were about 140, 80 and 1.8, respectively. _??_and _??_decreased further with hydrolysis time.
The yield of sugar was very low in the heterogeneous system, but high in the homogeneous system (attained about 100% at 23°C for 7hr). In case of the homogeneous hydrolysis of P sample (72% H2SO4, 23°C, 7hr), the yields of glucose, cellobiose and cellotriose were 40.1, 16.8 and 10.0%, respectively. Furthermore, when P sample was hydrolyzed with 72% H2SO4 at 23°C for 5hr (primary), diluted to 1% and hydrolyzed again at 60°C for lhr (secondary), the yields of glucose, cellobiose and cellotriose increased to 45.7, 32.7 and 14.1%, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (410K) -
3 COPOLY (N-HYDROXYALKYL-L-GLUTAMINE/L-LEUCINE) FIBERToshio Hayashi, Makoto Iwatsuki1988 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 19-26
Published: January 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo component random copolypeptide (PHAG-co-PLL) fibers consisting of N-hydroxyalkyl-L-glutamine and L-leucine with different compositions were prepared by aminoalcoholysis reaction with 2-amino-l-ethanol, 3-amino-l-propanol, or 5-amino-l-pentanol, together with crosslinking reaction with 1, 8-octamethylenediamine on fibers of the starting fibers of copoly (γ-methyl-L-glutamate/L-leucine) (PMLG-co-PLL). The tensile properties of these hydrophilic fibers were highly dependent on the degree of swelling Qw in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4), and showed a typical elastic behavior in wet-state. Biodegradation behaviors of PHAG-co-PLL fibers were examined in vitro, including enzymatic degradation, and mechanical properties were investigated to simulate in vivo fiber degradation. The rate of degradation of these hydrophilic fibers in vitro by Pronase E was also highly dependent on Qw of fibers. It was pointed out that the enzymatic degradation of these fibers was processed on the surface area of the fibers, and that the rate of degradation of these fibers was analyzed by the first order reaction rate concerning the effective surface area of the fiber. This fact was also demonstrated from the direct observation by scanning electron microscopy. The behavior of the decrease in the tensile strength as a function of the decrease in the fiber weight was characteristic for the enzymatic degradable fibers and quite different from that for the non-enzymatic degradable fibers such as polyglycolic acid fiber. The tissue reaction was observed to be extremely slight for these hydrophilic fibers, which have been replaced by the connective tissue quite safely during the absorption process.View full abstractDownload PDF (1290K) -
Kazuo Yagami, Mayumi Nakagawa, Hideto Shosenji, Kimiho Yamada1988 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 27-31
Published: January 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAzo dyes C. I. Direct Blue 15 (DB15) on cotton, and C. I. Mordant Black 17 (RC) on cotton and wool were irradiated to investigate fading interaction with a fluorescent brightening agent C. I. FBA 90 (FBS) using a low pressure mercury lamp (lamp A), a high pressure mercury lamp equipped with a Pyrex filter (lamp B) and a xenon lamp equipped with a Pyrex filter (lamp C). FBS depressed the fading of the dyes on exposure to lamp A, while FBS enhanced the fading of DB15 on cotton on irradiation with lamp B. Treatment of the dyed fabric with nickel sulfate depressed the fading of the dyes on exposure to lamp A, B and C, indicating a mechanism involving a singlet oxygen. The nickel salt also quenched the fading of DB15 sensitized by FBS as well. The dyes depressed the fading of FBS. Treatment with nickel sulfate enhanced the fading of FBS on cotton, while it depressed that on wool.View full abstractDownload PDF (343K) -
Haruki Imaoka, Shigeru Inui, Haruo Niwaya, Atsuo Shibuya1988 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 32-39
Published: January 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are many kinds of methods to measure the density, i.e. the number of warp and weft existing in the unit length of fabric. One of the methods to measure the density is to count the number of warp and weft yarns by ravelling the sample or by inspecting with textile analysis glass. Another method is a recognition of the pattern of cloths. The measurement by densi meter is an example of such pattern methods.
While all these methods need the judgement by person, we developed a device to measure the density automatically by nondestructive inspection. Two methods, Fourier method and grille method, are proposed to analyze the optical images obtained by the device. The percentage of correct measurement varies according to the weave of the samples. More than 80% of the plain weave samples are measured correctly. Performance of the grille method is almost equal to that of the Fourier method.View full abstractDownload PDF (1662K) -
Sukenori Shintaku, Takashi Yamamoto1988 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 40-45
Published: January 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe yarn tension in the twisting process is analyzed as a fundamental factor affecting the properties of fabrics made of hard-twist filament yarns.
The apparatus used is an Italian twister to which a false-twist spindle is equipped. This system is called a flyerless twister and noted as a low tension twister. The results obtained are as follows;
(1) The tension of the ballooned yarn at the guide-eye can be estimated by mω2b2 (l/b)2/2, where m is the linear density of the yarn, b is the radius of a yarn layer on the bobbin and ω is the angular velocity, l/b being obtained from the relation among the air-drag, m and b.
(2) In order to twist a yarn under a low and constant tension, ωf/ωb is recommendable to be about 0.7_??_0.9, where ωf is the angular velocity of the false-twist spindle and ωb is that of the bobbin.
(3) The tension decreases with decrease in the radius of the yarn layer on the bobbin. Hence the yarn tension can be kept constant by raising gradually the revolution velocity of the bobbin.
(4) Even if a bigger bobbin be used with a larger lift, the fluctuation in the yarn tension does not increase so much.View full abstractDownload PDF (444K) -
RELATION BETWEEN THE INITIAL RATE OF DYEING AND THE WETTABILITY OF FIBER SURFACEKyohei Joko, Joichi Koga1988 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages 46-51
Published: January 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelation between the initial rate of the sorption of Acid Orange 7 and the wettability of fiber surface was investigated on wool fibers modified by extension, abrasion and supercontraction. The wettabilities of the wool fibers were determined by the measurement of the contact angle of a water droplet on a single wool fiber using a photomicrographic technique.
The modifications were found to accelerate the initial rate of dye sorption. The contact angular distributions for the abraded and supercontracted wool fiber were shifted toward smaller angles than that for the unmodified wool fiber, whereas the distribution for the extended wool fiber was shifted toward a slightly smaller angle than that for the unmodified wool fiber.
Apparently, the increases found in the initial rates of dye sorption on the treated wool fibers are not directly correlated with the wettability of the fiber surface. The present results suggest that the initial dye sorption in the extended wool fiber is not attributable to the dye sorption on the cuticle component through the epicuticle, but to the preferential dye sorption in the cuticle component through the intercellular cement being exposed by the extension.View full abstractDownload PDF (1233K) -
Margit Sára, Günter Wolf, Uwe B. Sleytr, Akihiko Tanioka1988 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages P4-P10
Published: January 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3469K) -
Ora Kedem, Abraham Warshawsky, Yoshiharu Tsujita1988 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages P11-P19
Published: January 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Micro-, Ultra-, Hyperfiltration (RO), Gas SeparationWolfgang Pusch, Mitsuru Satoh1988 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages P20-P26
Published: January 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Harold K. Lonsdale, Dwayne T. Friesen, Roderick J. Ray, Toshio Hayashi1988 Volume 44 Issue 1 Pages P27-P35
Published: January 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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