All issues
Successor
Volume 44, Issue 8
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
A PROPOSAL OF A NEW METHOD TO DETERMINE THE PROFILESTakashi Iwatsubo, Tadae Yamanaka, Seisyu Yamamoto, Kensaku Mizoguchi, ...1988 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages 367-373
Published: August 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experimental method was proposed to determine the single concentration profile of permeant in a membrane under pervaporation. In this method, two individual experimental data were required. One was the relationship between the downstream pressure and the steady-state flux, and the other was the adsorption isotherm of the permeant to the membrane. According to this method, it was possible to evaluate the precise concentration profile and to be applied to the system that the permeant is easy to vaporize. By applying this method to the pervaporation of water or ethanol, the concentration profiles in the membrane were determined. They showed good agreement in shape with previous results obtained by conventional methods. Assumptions required for this method were examined experimentally, and these were valid for the permeant-membrane systems treated in this study.View full abstractDownload PDF (360K) -
Kiyoshi Ishii1988 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages 374-378
Published: August 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fine structure of Chinon fibers treated with some proteases was examined. Under optical microscope, the cross sections of Chinon fiber stained with C. I. Acid Red 249 revealed that Pronase P (Pro) and Proteoliquifase (Plf) both eliminated the protein component of the fiber progressively from its surface region to the center, while the distribution of protein was apparently uniform in the intact fibers. On the other hand, Papain C-400 (Pap) seemed to digest the protein uniformly under the same conditions. Under transmission electron microscope, the cross sections stained with osmium oxide revealed that the protei component distributed uniformly in Chinon fiber as fine units of less than 200 Å in diameter. Furthermore, it was observed that Pro and Plf decreased not only the diameter but also the density of the protein units according to the progress of the proteolysis, while Pap seemed to decrease only the density but not the diameter of the components. Thus, introduction of certain micro-void spaces was expected at the positions corresponding to those stainable by osmium oxide before but unstainable after the proteolysis. However, direct observation by a scanning electron microscope was unable to detect the micro-void spaces probably because of their dimension out of the resolution.View full abstractDownload PDF (2534K) -
Hitoshi Kashiba, Tetsuo Asakura, Tadashi Komoto1988 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages 379-384
Published: August 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe structures of Philosamia cynthia ricini silk fibroin and its model compounds, L-alanine/β-alanine copolymers, were studied in organic solvents, dichloroacetic acid (DCA) or trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy. In DCA, the carbonyl region of a series of L-alanine/β-alanine copolymers is divided into three peaks, corresponding to β-alanine (random coil), L-alanine (α-helix and random coil). On the other hand, the carbonyl region is more complex in TFA, indicating further splitting due to the primary structure in the coil state. Using the chemical shift data for the α-helix and random coil forms of the L-alanine residues of these copolymers in both solvents and statistical thermodynamic analysis for helix-coil transition, the spectra of the alanine carbonyl region of P. c. ricini silk fibroin in these solvents could be theoretically interpreted. Especially, the Lifson-Roig parameters in the thermodynamic treatment and the local helicity of each alanine residue of the -(Ala)22-sequence were determined.View full abstractDownload PDF (371K) -
Tokimitsu Ikawa, Wataru Maeda, Satoshi Date, Kaoru Shimamura, Fumiyosh ...1988 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages 385-393
Published: August 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSingle crystal-like nylon 11 were prepared by solid state polycondensation of 11-aminoundecanoic acid (11-AUA) under high pressure. Resultant nylon 11 crystals kept the original shape of 11-aminoundecanoic acid crystals unchanged. Effects of monomer crystallite size, pressure and temperature on the crystallization during the solid state polycondensation were investigated. The crystallization during heterogeneous polycondensation proceeds in “one dimensional and growth” mechanism. Monomers are firstly converted into oligomeric nylon 11 which may be crystallized into pseude hexagonal form. Further chain growth increases crystallite size accompanying crystal transformation to βII-form. Finally, the βII-form crystals transform into the stable α-form crystals.
The smaller monomer crystallite size promotes the reaction rate. Degree of polycondensation depends on the original crystallite size. Increase in polymerization pressure extends polymerizable temperature range and makes the resultant nylon 11 well oriented.View full abstractDownload PDF (3124K) -
Kazushi Fujimoto, Koichi Iohara, Shinji Owaki, Yasuhiro Murase1988 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages 394-401
Published: August 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUltra-high speed spinning of poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) has been carried out for take-up velocity up to 14, 000m/min. The structure and properties of as-spun fibers were investigated and compared with poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET).
Orientation of molecules and crystallization proceed largely at relatively low velocities up to 3, 000m/min. Increase in birefringence becomes small above 3, 000m/min, and the skin-core structure developes above 10, 000m/min, though the core part is small in comparison with PET. Density and maximum birefringence in the cross section of the fiber increase up to 14, 000 m/min. SAXS shows a typical meridian reflection and a weak equatorial streak at ultra-high take-up velocities, which suggests the regular arrangement of crystallites perpendicular to the fiber axis. Generation of microvoids in PBT fiber is not so remarkable in comparison with PET fiber. The size of crystallites and the amount of the α crystal form increase with increasing take-up velocity, Melting temperature rises about 21°C in the range of take-up velocity from 1, 000 to 14, 000m/min.
As PBT has more flexible chains, crystallization of the polymer occurs more easily along spinline than that of PET. This may explain that the more stable fine structure appeares in the ultra-high take-up velocities.View full abstractDownload PDF (1503K) -
Hideo Kusaoke, Kenro Suzuki, Kazuo Kimura1988 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages 402-408
Published: August 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe immobilization of glucose isomerase-containing Streptomyces phaeochromogenus cells on various gel supports was investigated. The highest activity was obtained by entrapment of cells at first step into chitosan-formaldehyde gel and cross-linked by glutaraldehyde. The yield of glucose isomerase activity of the S. phaeochromogenus cells immobilized on chitosan-formaldehyde gel was 71%. Enzymatic properties of the immobilized S. phaeochromogenus cells were investigated and compared with those of the intact cells. The optimal pH and temperature for the immobilized cells were 8 and 80°C, respectively, similar to those for the intact cells. The immobilized glucose isomerase-containing S. phaeochromogenus cells showed a similar kinetic behavior to that of intact cells. The glucose isomerase activity of the immobilized S. phaeochromogenus cells packed in the column was retained without a remarkable drop in activity after being used over 40 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (468K) -
Masashi Kobayashi, Motoi Minagawa1988 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages 409-418
Published: August 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAuthors have developed a laboratory scale foam dyeing apparatus in which textiles are dyed in foams with blow ratio of 200-300. Diffusion of purified acid dyes (C. I. Acid Red 134 and Green 25) in nylon 6 film from the foam phase was studied by this apparatus with the cylindrical film-roll method. The concentration-distance profiles of the acid dyes in nylon 6 film were analyzed in terms of contribution of ionic sorption (Langmuir type sorption) and non-ionic one (Henry's dissolution). The profiles were compared with these determined by the diffusion from bulk solution, particularly with respect to the contributions of non-ionic sorption and ionic one.
The results were:
1) Diffusion of C. I. Acid Red 134 (dibasic dye with large hydrophobic moiety) in nylon 6 film in the foam dyeing is characterized by smaller contribution of the non-ionic sorption than that in ordinary dip dyeing even if “overdyeing” occurs. The non-ionically absorbed dye on the film bleeded easily in water.
2) Both increase in surfactant concentration and decrease in dye concentration affected non-ionic sorption even in foam dyeing; therefore, interaction between dye and surfactant in foam film is similar to that in bulk liquid.
3) There was only a slight difference between the diffusion behavior of C. I. Acid Green 25 (dibasic dye with moderate hydrophobic moiety) in nylon 6 film in the foam dyeing and that in the dip dyeing.View full abstractDownload PDF (581K) -
KEIICHI KANETO1988 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages P286-P290
Published: August 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1262K) -
GUNZI SAITO1988 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages P291-P296
Published: August 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1075K) -
TAKEO SHIMIDZU1988 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages P297-P301
Published: August 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1793K) -
NAOYUKI KOIDE1988 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages P302-P306
Published: August 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (391K) -
TOYOSAKA MORIIZUMI1988 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages P307-P311
Published: August 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1113K) -
HIROYUKI SASABE1988 Volume 44 Issue 8 Pages P312-P316
Published: August 10, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1100K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|