All issues
Successor
Volume 45, Issue 3
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Takao Kokugan, Hitoshi Narabe, Akio Shibamoto, Aio Kitamura, Mituo Ara ...1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 95-101
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe asymmetric cellulose acetate (CA) and polyimide (PI) membranes were prepared for reverse osmosis and were annealed at various temperature. After drying, thermal analyses, DSC and TG, were carried out for the membranes. The following results were obtained.
(1) As to CA membranes, glass transition temperature (Tg) is 491±5K. Crystallization temperature (Tc) and melting point (Tm) are very near and both fall in the range of 597±10K. Onset point of thermal decomposition (Td) is 627±10K from DSC and is 606±10K from TG. Vicedispersion temperature (Tβ) does not appear.
(2) As to PI membranes, Td appears 796±10K at DSC curve and 807±10K at TG curve, but neither Tg nor Tm appear at DSC and TG curves. It is confirmed that PI membrane has high heat endurance.
(3) Tg, Tm, and Td are almost independent of the heat annealing temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (419K) -
Mamiko Yatagai, Motoko Komaki, Toshinari Nakajima, Toshimasa Hashimoto1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 102-106
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe specimens of cellulose and polyester were soiled with oily substance, and then washed with aqueous surfactant solutions. The specimens after this procedure were supplied for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC curves showed an endothermic peak due to a melting of oily substance remaining on the specimen: this peak decreased with an increase in washing time, and at the same time a broad endothermic peak appeared at temperatures between the melting peaks of oily substance and frozen water. The broad endothermic peak is supposed to be due to a ternary liquid crystal, which is formed after the contact of an aqueous surfactant solution and oily substance, and contains surfactant, water, and oily substance. The change of DSC curves with washing time suggests that the ternary liquid crystal plays an important role as an intermediate product in the process of removal of oily substance. Furthermore, it is found that DSC is a powerful method to trace an amount of residual oily substances in the detergency process.View full abstractDownload PDF (352K) -
Hiroaki Sasaki, Yoshio Honma, Hanpei Kido, Noriko Choji, Mikio Karasaw ...1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 107-112
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe concentration distribution of a disperse dye in the multiple layers of nylon fabric is investigated. The surface concentration increases with dyeing time. The increase is attributable to the resistance to dye transport across the diffusional boundary layer. The boundary layer parameter (L) and the diffusion coefficient (Df) of dye in nylon fabric are estimated in such a way that the experimental data fit in with the theoretical curve of concentration distribution based on the diffusional boundary layer model. The estimated values of thickness of diffusional boundary layer (δd) range from 0.017 to 0.011cm when the dye bath is stirred at 100-150rpm. As the multiple layer of nylon fabric has spaces or pores between the yarns and also between the individual filaments, it is considered that the dye molecules diffuse through the liquid in the spaces or pores of nylon fabric. Consequently, the observed diffusion coefficient was reasonably explained by assuming the “pore model”: the calculated value agreed well with the experimental one.View full abstractDownload PDF (393K) -
Toshiro Suzawa, Masahiko Sasaki, Toshiki Ohyanagi1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 113-119
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study interfacial electrical properties of the polyester fibers ungrafted and grafted with acrylic and methacrylic acid and surface dyeability by cationic dye on these fibers, the ξ-potential of the fibers was measured in aqueous solution of Methylene Blue.
The negative ξ-potential of the ungrafted and grafted polyester fibers increased with increasing pH, and it's value reached equilibrium value above pH 8. The ξ-potential of the fibers decreased with increase in the degree of grafting because the position of slipping plane in electrical double layer moved into diffused layer according to the hydrogel layers formed by grafted polymer chains.
The amount of Methylene Blue adsorbed per unit area of the fiber surface was calculated from the ξ-potential values. With increasing concentration of the dye, the sign of the ξ-potential changed from negative to positive and the amount of the dye adsorbed on the fiber surface increased. These results suggest that electrostatic interaction and van der Waals force act between the fibers and the dye. The amount of the dye adsorbed decreased with increase in the degree of grafing.
The free energy of adsorption (Δ_??_) for Methylene Blue on the fibers was calculated from the slope of the ξ-log Cd (Cd: the concentration of dye) curve etc.. The negative value of Δ_??_ decreased with increasing the degree of grafting. The heat of adsorption (Δ_??_) was negative and the entropy of adsorption (Δ_??_) was positive. The positive value of Δ_??_ suggests the importance of entropic interaction (the formation of hydrophobic bond) as a driving force of adsorption for the dye on the fiber surface. It is concluded that the surface dyeability of Methylene Blue on the grafted polyester fibers is less than that on the ungrafted polyester fiber since the hydrogel layer is formed at the fiber surface by grafted polymer chains.View full abstractDownload PDF (439K) -
Hideo Asazawa, Kyohei Joko1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 120-126
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe durability against pulling out of pile yarns is investigated for cotton towels differently treated by desizing, scouring or bleaching. Gray cotton towels having pile durability of about 30gf can gain 100gf durability after scouring and 130gf after scouring followed by bleaching, but are not changed in the pile durability only by desizing. This suggests that each preparation treatment may bring about a different effect on the shape and physical properties of the pile and woven yarns, and therefore on the stickiness of the yarns at their crossing areas.
From the fact that a significant difference in the pile durability is seen between the towels treated with and without preparation reagents, both of which must have been equally changed and distorted in the geometrical state of pile yarns, the deformation of pile yarns seems not so essential for the increases in the pile durability. On the other hand, microscopic observation reveals remarkable difference between the surface states of pile fibers in towels variously treated: the surface state of pile fibers depends on what material is washed out or extracted from the surface in each process of preparation treatment. Hence the effect of preparation treatment on the pile durability may be attributed not to the deformation of texture but to the change in stickiness of fiber brought about by the change in the surface state of fiber.View full abstractDownload PDF (2877K) -
Michiko Kimura, Motoko Komaki, Toshinari Nakajima1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 127-133
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnti-deposition ettects of detergent builders in washing process have been investigated. On the basis of the chemical and interfacial interactions of builders with oily soils (oleic acid and triolein) and, the amount of soils deposited onto polyester fabric, the effects of the builders on the anti-deposition of the oily soils are classified into three groups.
(1) Neutral builders have no effect because of their weak adsorption on oily soil.
(2) Alkaline builders have the effect of anti-deposition more or less because of their strong adsorption on oily soil.
(3) Poly (vinyl alcohol), a nonionic polymer, has a remarkable effect of anti-deposition because of its adsorption on both of the oily soils and the fabric.View full abstractDownload PDF (488K) -
SHUNSAKU KAGECHI1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages P99-P105
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2970K) -
ICHIRO KAMINARI1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages P106-P110
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1168K) -
KEIJIRO HAYASHI1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages P111-P116
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1679K) -
KOKI SASAKI1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages P117-P121
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1047K) -
HIDENORI ONO1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages P122-P127
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1158K) -
KATSUHIKO AKINAGA, KAZUYA HAYASI1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages P128-P130
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1403K) -
TAKASHI HARADA, KAZUYOSHI TSUCHIDA1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages P131-P133
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (824K) -
TSUNEKATSU FURUTA1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages P134-P136
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (887K) -
AKIO MORIUTI1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages P137-P139
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (784K) -
YOSHIHUSA SEKIYA1989 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages P140-P142
Published: March 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1402K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|