An experiment was conducted for revealing the aerodynamic characteristics of cylinders clothed with fabrics. Pressure distributions on the outer and inner surfaces of cylinders and velocity distributions around these cylinders were measured. The results showed that the outer pressure distributions on the cylinders clothed with different fabrics were identical, but that they were different from that on a naked cylinder. This is because the air flow around the clothed cylinder separates from the surface earlier than that around the naked one. The inner pressure distribution were strongly affected by the fabrics of low permeability, but they were scarcely influenced in the case of high permeability. Measured velocity distributions indicated the forward shift of the separation point and they were found to be influenced seriously by the fabrics of high permeability; the boundary layer on the outer surface became thick and the turbulence level in the layer was high. In the case of low permeability, however, the velocity distribution was hardly influenced by clothing except the shift of the separation point.

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Attention was paid to the clingy properties of wet fabrics, which were closely related to discomfortable contact feeling. The contact resistances were measured between a metal cylinder and the hanged fabrics during moisture sorption and desorption processes by means of the changes in cylinder temperture or ambient temperature and humidity. The clingy force by water was discucssed, and the following results were obtained under this experimental condition:
(1) The contact resistance decreased during moisture sorption process and increased during moisture desorption process. A stickslip phenomenon was observeed, too.
(2) The change in the contact resistance reached the maximum value of 1.5g per the apparent contact area of 5.61cm².
(3) It was assumed that the apparent clingy force by capillary water reached the value of the order of 10^-2g/cm².
(3) The change in the contact resistance was large for hygroscopic and wettable fabrics.

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Total resistance R of fabrics to water vapor transmission was divided into apparent inner-resistance R₁^a and outer-resistance R₂^a from linear relation between R and number of layers for multilayered fabrics. The change in R through the adhesion of a nonwoven interlining to each woven fabric was studied in connection with R₁^a and R₂^a. This study also dealt with resistances of woven fabrics having relatively fuzzy uncertain surface.
Practical outer-resistance tended to decrease to a larger extent through the adhesion in the case of woven fabrics having rougher structure. The thickness of still air layer above the woven fabrics may be different from that above the same woven fabric which composed laminated one. This suggests that the thickness of still air layer above the fabrics may depend on the inner structure of the fabrics.

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Progress of computer aided engineering (CAE) for apparel industry is slow as compared with other fields, for instance, electric, machinery and chemical industries. The CAE for apparel has been partially developed in computer grading, computer marking, computer cutting systems and so on. The most of production process for apparel industry is still dependent on manual works. This is due to difficulty of material handling and body model for the computer system of apparel production.
Therefore, it is important to investigate the human body form for apparel engineering. In this paper, various problems regarding human body forms were studied and new methods for data reduction, representation and standardization of the human body form were explained. Furthermore, the cluster analysis of the human body form was proposed by means of power spectrum.
The method of low-pass filther was effective in data reduction. The standardization of the human body form using linear transformation of Fourier coefficient agreed approximately with the sensation of our visual feeling for forms. The cluster analysis was useful in grouping the human body form.

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The influence of clothing material on the clothing microclimate and sensation was investigated when subjects wore shirts and trousers made of cotton, polyester or modified polyester knitted fabric at the left and right half bodies simultaneously. Ambient vapor pressure was changed in warm environment. Temperatures and humidities on the clothing and on the skin at back, oral temperature, weight loss, and subjective response were measured throughout 2 hours experiment.
Results showed that each subject had a specific pattern for physiological responses. The rate of temperature change in the clothing microclimate inside the cotton clothing was faster than that inside the polyester clothing both at the increasing and decreasing period of ambient humidity for the cotton/polyester system. The microclimate difference could be observed between two different kinds of polyesters at the decreasing period of the humidity. The rate of temperature descent for the modified polyester colthing was faster than that for the conventional polyester clothing. The difference of wearing sensation caused by clothing material characteristics was especially observed in the sense of soaking for clothing. A paired comparison with different material clothings on the left and right half bodies is available to evaluate clothing microclimate or subjective response caused by a little change in environment.

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Tactile soft-feeling (“SOFTNESS”) is one of the most important factor for the quality of underwear fabrics both for experts in the fabric producing factory and also for consumers, that is, the highest softness is closely related with the higher quality.
Firstly, the experts' group and consumers' group judged subjectively the softness for selected 203 samples by grading the feeling using the number corresponding to the intensity of feeling, form HV=1 (weakest) to HV=10 (strongest). Then these grading numbers were correlated with primary hand values of the fabric to explain what the softness feeling is.
When the mean values in each group are correlated, the good agreement between evaluations in two groups was observed. This implies that these two groups have a common criteria for the softness evaluation. This suggests the importance of evaluating the softness by the objective formula derived based on the mean values of judges because of existing within-group variation in the evaluation.
Secondly, the subjective quality values were correlated directly with mechanical parameters of those fabrics and the equation for obtaining the quality value was derived. It has been proved that the prediction ability of this equation is rather higher than the individual judges' judgment.

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Although the visual judgment of clothes generally depends on the verbal exprssion, the variance of standard for judgment has always been a trouble some problem. Then, purpose of this paper is to analyze the construction of judgment and to establish the common standard.
Valuers were classified to a professional and a contrast non-professional group. They judged twenty clothes by employing three pairs of words, for judgment.
Considering these results, we obtained following conclusions.
1) By variance-analysis, some combinations of the paired words and the clothes, in which the significant difference was observed in both valuers groups, were studied. We found that the professional group had (1) high coincidence and (2) many definite judges for each paired words.
2) Then, by studying the standard ot judgment in the professional group, we found that they judged clothes paying attention to some factors. These factors were classified and summarized to a table.
If these factors were employing as the standard of judgment which was made more acculately by adding the new paired words, objectivity of the visual expression of clothes and efficiency of training on the clothes judgment would be accomplished.

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It is quite necessary to have informations on the relation between physical properties of mattresses and sleep comfort in order to design the ideal advanced bedding system. In this paper, subjective ratings for both sensation and the preference at initial sleep for each 14 types of mattress have been investigated by Sheffe's paired comparison (modified by Ura). The relation between preference ratings and the multiple compressive properties of mattresses has been also formulated.
The results were mainly as follows:
1. The correlation coefficients between overall comfort rating and the sensation of hardness suggested that the panels were needed to be classified into a few groups which prefered the different types of mattresses.
2. The following multiple regression equations were given to overall comfort ratings for mattresses at initial sleep for each A, B, C and total group.
The equation Y_A indicated that the mattress prefered by A group had easy compressive surface layer and supportive under layer. This agreed with the characteristics of the ideal bed recommended by Kohara. The equation Y_c indicated that panels in C group prefered thin and easy compressive, so-called “senbei” mattress.

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The horizontal distribution of the water vapor pressure through perforated plastic plates was studied using the cup method. To analyze the horizontal distribution, 3 different factors, that is, water vapor permeability, height from the plate surface and inside diameter of the cup were modified. The results showed that the water vapor pressures above the perforated plates were constant at a distance of more than 1.5cm from the inside wall of the cups. Therefore, the diameter of the cup should be at least greater than 3cm in order to analyze the water vapor diffusion mechanism based on the vertical distribution of the water vapor pressure.

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