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Volume 45, Issue 7
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Akira Isogai, Naoichi Mutoh, Fumihiko Onabe, Makoto Usuda1989 Volume 45 Issue 7 Pages 299-306
Published: July 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSViscosity measurements of cellulose in SO2-diethylamine-dimethylsulfoxide were studied in order to examine the applicability of this cellulose solvent system for molecular weight measurement of cellulose in wood pulp.
Microcrystalline cellulose powder, pulp for filter paper, bleached kraft pulp, linter, cotton and low molecular weight regenerated cellulases are dissolved rapidly in this system. Limiting viscosity numbers were obtained from the Huggins plots, and the relationship between the limiting viscosity numbers and the concentrations of cellulose was proposed. The Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equations for cellulose in SO2-diithylamine-dimethylsulfoxide corresponding to those in cupriethylenediamine hydroxide were proposed. The parameters a in the equations are 1.04-1.23, which means that cellulose chains expand in the dissolution state.
Although the cellulose/SO2-diethylamine-dimethylsulfoxide solution is not stable for long time, this cellulose solvent system is applicable to evaluation of molecular weight of cellulose in wood pulp because cellulose sample are dissolved in this system very rapidly without degradations.View full abstractDownload PDF (501K) -
Nobuyuki Tanaka, Yukio Abe, Kazumitsu Tamura1989 Volume 45 Issue 7 Pages 307-309
Published: July 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor methoxymethylation of nylon-12 films unannealed and annealed at 100°C, the relation between their melting temperature and the substitution ratio of methoxymethyl residue was investigated by DSC. Melting peak temperatures in the 1st-run were a little higher than or nearly equal to that of nylon-12, independent of the substitution ratio. This result means that the methoxymethylation was not effective in suppressing the thickening of crystal or recrystallization by heating. Melting peak temperature in the 2nd-run decreased with increasing substitution ratio. The application of the modified Flory's equation (1) (a=2) to the melting peak temperatures in 2nd-run led the heat of fusion of 17.5_??_19.5 cal/g for the monoclinic (or pseudohexagonal) crystal.View full abstractDownload PDF (222K) -
Masahiko Sasaki, Nobuaki Matsumoto, Toshiro Suzawa1989 Volume 45 Issue 7 Pages 310-317
Published: July 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDeposition of polymer latex onto nylon 6 fibers, ungrafted or grafted with acrylic and methacrylic acid, in shaking conditions was studied with regard to pH dependence of the amount of deposition of polystyrene [PS], styrene/acrylic acid copolymer [P (St/AA)] and styrene/acrylamide copolymer [P (St/AAm)] latices, all prepared without emulsifier. With decreasing pH in acidic region, the amount of deposition of each latex onto both ungrafted or grafted fibers increased remarkably, while scarce deposition was observed in alkaline region. With increasing degree of grafting, the amount of deposition of each latex decreased because of steric hindrance due to water-soluble polymer layer formed by polymer chain grafted on the fiber surface. The amount of deposition of latex at pH 4 onto the fiber decreased in the order of P (St/AAm)>PS>P (St/AA). These results suggested the existence of bridging effect between the polymer chain on P (St/AAm) latex and the fiber, and of electrostatic repulsion force between P (St/AA) latex and the fiber. The deposition was more remarkable with shaking than without, regardless of the type of latex.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
Yosihiro Kanaya, Kanako Kaji1989 Volume 45 Issue 7 Pages 318-323
Published: July 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor introducing high concentration of functional groups on the surface of polyester fibers, thin layer grafting of methacrylic acid (MA) was applied to polyester fiber by direct electron irradiation. Radial distribution of concentration of MA in the thin surface layer of the grafted fiber was examined by measuring the optical reflectivity of the surface dyed after concecutive alkali hydrolysis of the grafted fiber.
By the alkali treatment of graft fiber it became clear that the concentration of MA was relatively low on the fiber surface, showed a maximum at the inner part within 1μm from the surface, and then decreased toward the inner regions of the fiber.
From above results we expect that by shaving the surface by a proper quantity through alkali treatment and thus exposing the surface with the maximum concentration of functional group, we can give a high concentration of functional groups at the surface of polyester fibers. Actually MA graft polyester fibers showed excellent dyeability by grafting even below 1%, through alkali treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (391K) -
Takao Shibusawa, Tomomiti Endo1989 Volume 45 Issue 7 Pages 324-331
Published: July 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe values of diffusion coefficient of non-ionic dyes in nylon 6 and polyester film (Df) were evaluated by analyzing the concentration profiles of the dyes in the films and the kinetic data of the film dyeing (or desorption from the film). For many cases, the values of Df evaluated by the both method agreed well each other. However, when the dye having high affinity on nylon 6 film was desorped under an insufficient agitation, the values of Df from the kinetic data sometimes appreciably smaller than the corresponding Df from the profiles.
The values of boundary layer parameter (L) in the film dyeing were estimated by the curve fitting to the kinetic data of the dyeing by use of a relevant Newman's equation coupled with Df determined from the profile.
The thickness of the diffusional boundary layer (δD), estimated from the value of L, decreased rapidly as the rate of agitation of the specimens in the bath was increased; i.e., the values of δD estimated at 40-90°C under the reciprocation (30mm) of the specimen of 0, 30, 80 and 146 strokes/min ranged 20-80, 5.9-18.5, 14-15 and 0.2-0.7×10-3cm, respectively.
It was found that when the film dyeing carried out under the vigorous agitation, such as at the flow rate of 14.6cm/sec near the film surface, the resistance to the dye transport across the diffusional boundary layer gives little effect on the rate of the dyeing, in contrast to the dyeing of fabrics or yarns.View full abstractDownload PDF (577K) -
Yukie Sudoh, Toshiro Iijima1989 Volume 45 Issue 7 Pages 332-334
Published: July 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFading reaction of azo dyes in aqueos solution with sodium hypochlorite through oxidation was investigated. The use of the apparent initial reaction rate constant in the interpretation of the reaction was proposed. The addition of water soluble polymer having nitrogen atom was found to retard the fading reaction. The mechanism of the retardation was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (191K) -
YUICHI WATANABE1989 Volume 45 Issue 7 Pages P289-P294
Published: July 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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YOKOYAMA KOTARO1989 Volume 45 Issue 7 Pages P295-P301
Published: July 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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BASUGI NORIHIKO1989 Volume 45 Issue 7 Pages P302-P304
Published: July 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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MIKI TSUKAGUCHI, TAKAAKI HUKUMOTO, NOBUYOSHI HATTORI1989 Volume 45 Issue 7 Pages P305-P307
Published: July 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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MIKIO MURATA, MICHIHIKO WATANABE1989 Volume 45 Issue 7 Pages P308-P314
Published: July 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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MINORU YAMADA1989 Volume 45 Issue 7 Pages P315-P322
Published: July 10, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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