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Volume 46, Issue 10
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Mitsuhiro Fukuda, Michiko Ueda, Aya Emoto, Hiromichi Kawai1990 Volume 46 Issue 10 Pages 415-432
Published: October 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor investigating the stoichiometry of water sorption by amino and carboxyl groups in wool keratin, two series of chemically modified specimens were prepared by partial deamination (van Slyke's reaction) and partial esterification (methylation) of a New Zealand Luster 48's wool, for which the moisture sorption isotherm and the heat of wetting were determined over the entire range of relative humidity at 30°C. Because of difficulty in preparing fully modified specimens by the chemical methods, the isotherm data were extrapolated to zero residual concentration of amino and carboxyl groups to estimate the isotherms of fully deaminated and decarboxylated specimens.
By analyzing the differences in the isotherms between the untreated/partly modified specimens and the fully modified specimen in terms of the B. E. T.'s multilayer adsorption model, the maximum number of water molecules adsorbed in monolayer per each amino or carboxyl group was estimated as 1.0mole/mole and 1.3moles/mole at low concentration of the polar groups, and 2.5moles/mole and 2.0moles/mole at high concentration of the polar groups, respectively, The values for the carboxyl group is acceptable, while the values for the amino group must be underestimated due to the effects of replaced hydroxyl groups by the deamination.
The hydration energies of the amino and carboxyl groups were evaluated as 6.7 and 9.1kcal/mole of the polar group, respectively, from the heat of wetting of the specimens at dryness. The value for the amino group must be underestimated due to the same reason as above. The differential heat of moisture sorption at dryness (hydration enthalpy) was evaluated as 4.91kcal/mole of liquid water for the untreated specimen, which was somewhat smaller than the value of 5.8kcal/mole of the alpha water proposed by Speakman.View full abstractDownload PDF (1226K) -
Tsuyoshi Konomi, Yukiko Yamamoto1990 Volume 46 Issue 10 Pages 433-440
Published: October 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe freezing (crystallization) and melting behaviors of the water adsorbed on wholly aromatic polyamides (aramids) were studied by DSC in comparison with that of aliphatic and alicyclic polymers and the mobility of the adsorbed water on aramids was discussed. The crystallization peaks of the bound freezing water in DSC thermograms for Nomex and Kevlar 29 were found for samples with lower water contents and at higher temperature than for aliphatic and alicyclic polymers. Two crystallization peaks, due to free and bound water molecules, of the aramides merged gradually into a single peak at a higher temperature when the amount of the free water was increased. The water molecules adsorbed on aramids seem to behave as more loosely bound molecules than those on aliphatic polyamides. The molar amounts of non-freezing water on aramids and aliphatic and alicyclic polyamides were all nearly equal to the molar amounts of amide groups in their amorphous region. The total molar amounts of non-freezing and bound freezing water molecules on aramids and aliphatic polyamides were estimated as 2.3-2.8 times those of the amide group in the amorphous region.View full abstractDownload PDF (557K) -
Yoshiyuki Nishio, Naoto Hirose, Toshisada Takahashi1990 Volume 46 Issue 10 Pages 441-446
Published: October 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMelt-crystallization behavior of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) in its blends with cellulose (CELL) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Blend samples were prepared from solutions in dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride by coagulation in a nonsolvent. Crystallization isotherms obtained at various temperatures for pure PEO and PEO-rich blends were analyzed by the application of a well-known Avrami equation. On increasing the CELL content of the samples, the overall crystallization rate became slower, while the Avrami exponent remained almost constant or tended to be larger, when compared under the same condition of undercooling. The observed dependence of the PEO crystallization kinetics on blend composition is quite similar to that found for other miscible crystalline/amorphous polymer blends. The slower crystallization kinetics of PEO in the blends was explicable in terms of a diluent effect of the CELL component. It was also found that the addition of CELL to PEO resulted in only a little reduction in the surface free energy of folding, σe, of PEO lamellar crystals.View full abstractDownload PDF (430K) -
Tsuyoshi Kiyotsukuri, Naoto Tsutsumi, Mitsuo Kohda, Minoru Nagata1990 Volume 46 Issue 10 Pages 447-451
Published: October 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolyamide fibers having a novel regular network structure were prepared from trimesoyl trichloride and hexamethylenediamine using a reaction spinning method followed by post-polymerization. Optimum conditions were investigated for the reaction spinning and the post-polymerization to obtain a fiber having good mechanical properties. The polyamide fibers prepared were insoluble in concentrated sulfuric acid and contained a lot of microscopic voids. The structure of the fibers obtained by the reaction spinning was slightly ordered by the post-polymerization and the fibers became thermally more stable.View full abstractDownload PDF (758K) -
M. S. Yen, C. C. Chen1990 Volume 46 Issue 10 Pages 452-456
Published: October 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe crosslinking structures and the physical properties of the fabrics treated with wet-cure or poly-set process were studied. The lengths of crosslinks in the fabric treated with the wet-cure process were longer than those with pad-dry-cure and poly-set processes. With the same crosslinking structure, the fabric treated with the two-step wet-cure process showed better crease recovery under both dry and wet conditions than the fabric treated with pad-dry-cure or two-step poly-set process. This effect was attributed to the improved protection of hydrogen bonds and the enhanced swelling achieved by the first method. The dry and wet crease recoveries and the degree of swelling of the wet-cured fabric were depend ent on the moisture content of the fabric during the treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1618K) -
Yoshio Shimizu, Tadashi Ishikawa, Takao Furukawa, Nobushige Kayama, Ei ...1990 Volume 46 Issue 10 Pages 460-469
Published: October 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAt present, fabric inspection processing depends on human sense of sight. Results of inspection are exclusively influenced with mental and physical conditions of an inspector. In order to economize personnel expenditures and to perform reliable and stable inspections, we have studied the basic of an expert system to inspect fabric defects. In our system, fabric defects are recognized by pattern recognition and the major part of the control of the system depends on an expert system, which is based on a production programming language (OPS83). This system has multi-functions such as image input, image preprocessing, generation of a template, feature extracting of defects, recognition of defects, inference engine, user-interface, and so on. The results obtained from the inspections agreed approximately with initial expectation. In the defects which show only slight differences, we obtained smaller percentages of recognitions.View full abstractDownload PDF (750K) -
Toshio Hayashi, Makoto Iwatsuki1990 Volume 46 Issue 10 Pages 470-478
Published: October 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWater insoluble lipoprotein lipase was prepared by immobilizing lipoprotein lipase (LPL) onto the surface of copolypeptide fibers with and without oligoglycine spacer. As sample fiber, copoly (L-glutamic acid/L-leucine) (PLGA-co-PLL) and copoly (γ-methyl-L-glutamate/L-leucine) (PMLG-co-PLL) were prepared. The mode of the immobilization between LPL and copolypeptide fibers such as a covalent fixation or an ionic interaction on the enzymatic activity and stability of the immobilized LPL was investi-gated. The retained activity of the LPL covalently immobilized by the azide method was found to be ex-cellent toward the small ester substrate, p-Nitrophenyl laurate (pNPL), compared to that by the peptide binding method. The values of the Michaelis constant Km and the maximum reaction velocity Vm for free and the immobilized LPL on the polypeptide fibers are estimated. The apparent Km was larger for immo-bilized LPL than for the free one, while Vm was smaller for the immobilized LPL. The thermal stability of the covalently immobilized LPL was higher than that of free LPL. The initial enzymatic activity of the covalently immobilized LPL almost unchanged without any definite elimination and inactivation of LPL, when the batch enzyme reaction was performed repeatedly, indicating the excellent durability.View full abstractDownload PDF (609K) -
KEIZO MIYASAKA1990 Volume 46 Issue 10 Pages P431-P443
Published: October 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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KATSUHIKO NAKAMAE1990 Volume 46 Issue 10 Pages P444-P452
Published: October 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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KEISUKE TSUJI1990 Volume 46 Issue 10 Pages P453-P457
Published: October 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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YOSHINORI KAMIYA1990 Volume 46 Issue 10 Pages P458-P461
Published: October 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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TSUKASA TADA1990 Volume 46 Issue 10 Pages P462-P465
Published: October 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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HIROSHI NARUKAWA, HIDESHIGE NOGUCHI1990 Volume 46 Issue 10 Pages P466-P470
Published: October 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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On the Passage of Ten Years After the Pioneering InventionMASATOSHI IGUCHI, HIROKO KYOTANI1990 Volume 46 Issue 10 Pages P471-P476
Published: October 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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