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Volume 46, Issue 8
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Toshiyasu Kinari, Akihiro Hojo, Sukenori Shintaku, Nobuo Iwaki1990 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 311-317
Published: August 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn impact tensile testing apparatus with cantilever type load cell was developed for obtaining stress-strain curves of polyester multi-filament yarn at various strain rates. The experimental results were compared with the numerical results derived from an over-stress theory. By using this apparatus, tensile tests of yarn at wide range of strain rate from 10-3 to 102s-1 could be performed in the same measuring system. The over-stress theory gave satisfactory interpretation of the stress-strain curves of polyester multi-filament yarn up to breaking point at low strain rate, and up to yielding point at high strain rate. The difference between the calcurated curve and experimental results at high strain rate seemed due to the temperature rise of yarn during extension.View full abstractDownload PDF (737K) -
Kiyoichi Matsumoto, Makoto Doi, Koh-ichi Takada1990 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 318-323
Published: August 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFilms of poly (phenyl chloroacetylene), a kind of substituted polyacetylenes, have been stretched under dry process and swell-wet process developed by ourselves. Measurements of dynamic viscoelasticity showed the glass transition temperature of poly (phenyl chloroacetylene) around 230°C, so that stretching under dry process was carried out at 240°C. The uniaxial stretching was attained up to 2.4 of stretch ratio. In order to stretch the film under swell-wet process, the optimum swelling agents have to be determined. Two agent systems, T-A (toluene-acetone) system and C-A (carbon tetrachloride-acetone) system have been employed with the optimum composition. Under T-A system, swell-wet process stretching was carried out to result in 2.5 of stretch ratio. In addition, biaxial stretching, which failed in dry process, was successfully performed. The mechanical properties including dynamic viscoelasticity, crystallinity and degree of molecular orientation of the film were found to be improved by biaxial stretching.View full abstractDownload PDF (1484K) -
Akira Isogai, Makoto Usuda1990 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 324-329
Published: August 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple X-ray diffraction method for the measurement of crystallinity of cellulose was investigated. Principle of the method lies on the analysis of X-ray diffractograms of crystalline cellulose I or II mixed with varying amount of stable amorphous cellulose prepared from anhydro sulfurous acid-diethylamaine-dimethylsulfoxide solution of cellulose. In contrast to the Segal's method, 1_??_0 diffraction intensity (I1_??_0) and amorphous diffraction intensity at the same angle (I1_??_0B) were used to calculate the Crystallinity Index (C. I.) with cellulose I and II. C. I. of cellulose I and II with various amounts of amorphous cellulose obtained with following equation were on a straight line through the origin. The equation holds for the both reflection and transmission method with powder sample of cellulose. As to fibrous samples, only transmission method gave the good results. Crystallinity measurement method that utilizes Cauchy function or Ruland method, also gave the straight line through the origin for the relationship between C. I. and the mixed amount of amorphous cellulose. However from the view point of simplicity, 1_??_0 intensity method seems to be useful.View full abstractDownload PDF (410K) -
Hideo Ujigawa, Takashi Tamaki, Kunihiro Ichimura, Toshihiro Hirotsu, S ...1990 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 330-333
Published: August 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hard finishing of cotton fabric was carried out by applying photocrosslinkable poly-(vinyl alcohol) (PVA-SbQ) with styrylpyridinium quaternary side groups as a photosensitive chromophore. The sizing with PVA-SbQ made the fabric much stiffer than with ordinary PVA and that this hard finishing was quite durable against washing with warm water. The durable stiffness was considered to be due to the poor solubility of irradiated PVA-SbQ tightly coated on the fabric surface. It was confirmed from the scanning electron microscopic observation that the surface and inter-surface of the fibers were coated with PVA-SbQ polymer.View full abstractDownload PDF (695K) -
DEVELOPMENT OF A BIAXIAL FILM EXTENDING APPARATUS AND MEASUREMENT OF A THICKNESS OF THE FILM AT ITS RUPTUREMasashi Kobayashi, Masako Sato, Motoi Minagawa1990 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 334-338
Published: August 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA biaxial film extending apparatus has been developed to investigate the dynamic property of the liquid film originated from aqueous poly (oxyethylene)-9-octadecenyl ether (_??_=15) solution. Using this apparatus, the effects of addition of acid dyes (C. I. Acid Red 134 and C. I. Acid Green 25) on the thickness of liquid film at its rupture were investigated. The thickness was estimated from the relationship between the adopted liquid volume and the film area at its rupture by the method of double regression analysis with simplification of the film construction. The thickness of liquid films at their rupture passed through the minima in the nonionic surfactant concentration region from 1.8×10-3 to 2.8×10-3mol dm-3 (c. m. c. under dynamic condition) and generously increased beyond these concentration. At the concentration below the c. m. c., the surface movement, the so-called Plateau-Marangoni-Gibbs effect, and also the surface adsorption of the surfactant molecule effected on the thickness. At the concentration above the c. m. c., a black spot appeared in the extended liquid film because of local thinning and nonhomogeneous film thickness. The black area, of the film was observed to behave like a rigid film. This rigid region affected the transformation of the film in the dynamic condition. Further, the larger the velocity of wire movement was, the smaller the film thickness at its rupture was, and the minimum of the curve appeared more concentrated region. This suggests that the dilational viscoelasticity of the film influences the film thickness at its rupture. When the surfactant concentration was lower than the c. m. c., the addition of C. I, Acid Red 134, with large hydrophobic moiety, considerably increased the film thickness. At the concentration higher than the c. m. c., its differential thickness became small. On the other hand, the addition of C. I. Acid Green 25, with moderate hydrophobic moiety, scarcely effected on the film thickness at its rupture. Therefore, the acid dye, with large hydrophobic moiety, adsorbed on the film surface and affected the surface movement of the surfactant molecule.View full abstractDownload PDF (404K) -
Masaru Mitsuishi, Humiaki Kikuchi, Kazuhiro Yonezawa, Sadao Nakano, Mi ...1990 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 339-345
Published: August 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethyl Orange and Ethyl Orange were used in the study of the effects of charge separation of polyionic amine (ionene) and hydrophobicity of both the dye and ionene on the interaction between the anionic dye and the cationic polymer. The unit structure of x-y ionene was _??_Br-(CH3)2N+(CH2)xN+ (CH3)2(CH2)yBr-_??_. The x-y for seven ionenes used were 3-3, 3-4, 3-6, 3-8, 3-12, 6-6, and 6-12. The amounts of the dye bound to the ionene were determined by means of equilibrium dialysis procedure. One dye molecule was found to occupy one cationic charged site of ionene. The binding occurred due to the positively cooperative electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The results were analysed according to the procedure of McGhee and von Hippel. The interaction constants differed widely from one ionene to another ionene. The binding of the dye to the ionene depended strongly on the charge separation and hydrophobicity of both the dye and the ionene. The entropy change of the interaction process suggested strongly that the dye stacked on the polymer.View full abstractDownload PDF (431K) -
Yasuyo Okada, Toshiko Kato, Hiromi Motomura, Zenzo Morita1990 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 346-355
Published: August 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFading of vinylsulfonyl (VS) reactive dyes on cellulose by simultaneous effect of light and perspiration was studied by exposing dyed fabrics by ‘A’ method of JIS L 0888 and dyed films in aqueous solutions. A significant fading was observed with the dyed film in an aerated aqueous solution of sodium DL-mandelate and lactate. The fading process was accelerated in the anaerobic solution with a few exceptions. The fading of a dye on cellophane film in the anaerobic solution of substrate such as DL-mandelate was photoreduction of the excited dye by the substrate. On exposure in the solution containing both oxygen and substrate, the photosensitized oxidation of a dye via singlet oxygen mechanism and/or the photoreduction were found to occur depending on the experimental conditions such as concentrations of oxygen and substrate. The photofading mechanism of VS dyes on cotton fabrics immersed previously in an aqueous solution of artificial perspiration and exposed by the method of JIS L 0888 was similar to that on film exposed in the solution, although there were some differences between their fading behaviors.View full abstractDownload PDF (728K) -
Namiko Miyata, Isao Sakata1990 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 356-359
Published: August 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLignosulfonic acids are widely recognized as strongly electrolytic and sparingly decomposable polymers. Lignin-partially hydrolyzed methylacrylate graft copolymers (Lig-MA-Hyd) were synthesized as agricultural and gardening super water-absorbents from sodium lignosulfonates (Lig) with different purities prepared from the sulfite pulping waste liquor. These lignin graft copolymers have been expected to have little effects of ions and pH on the absorbencies. Waste paper pulps (WP) and cellulose samples (Cell) grafted with partially hydrolyzed acrylamide (WP-AM-Hyd and Cell-AM-Hyd) and 2 (dimethylamino)-ethylmetacrylate (WP-DM and Cell-DM) were synthesized, too. The water absorbency and the water-holding capacity of Lig-MA-Hyd were compared with those of a commercial agricultural and gardening super water-absorbent [poly (vinyl alcohol)-maleic acid ester copolymer (PVA-Ma)] and the above mentioned WP and Cell graft copolymers (WP-AM-Hyd etc). The water absorbency of Lig-MA-Hyd was greater than those of WP and Cell graft copolymers and the commercial agricultural super water-absorbent (PVA-Ma), whereas the water-holding capacity of Lig-MA-Hyd was almost the same as that of the commercial PVA-Ma. The little effect of the degree of grafting on the water absorbency of Lig-MA-Hyd was observed in the range from 100% to 300%. The water absorbencies of both Lig-MA-Hyd and PVA-Ma were influenced by pH in the same way. The optimum ratio of N, N-methylenebisacrylamide as a bridging agent was 1.0-1.3% for the graft copolymerization. The water absorbency of Lig-MA-Hyd was dependent on the content of sulfonic acid groups of lignin in Lig-MA-Hyd.View full abstractDownload PDF (298K) -
KIYOSHIGE FUKUDA, HIROO NAKAHARA1990 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages P334-P339
Published: August 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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KATSUMI YONEDA1990 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages P340-P347
Published: August 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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TISATO KAJIYAMA1990 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages P348-P353
Published: August 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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NOBUYUKI HIGASHI, MASAZO NIWA1990 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages P354-P360
Published: August 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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MASA-AKI KAKIMOTO, YASUNARI NISHIKATA1990 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages P361-P365
Published: August 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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MASAMICHI FUJIHIRA1990 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages P366-P371
Published: August 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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TAKAHIRO SEKI, KUNIHIRO ICHIMURA1990 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages P372-P377
Published: August 10, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1004K)
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