巻号一覧
47 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
大越 豊, 近田 淳雄, 三枝 伸司, 青木 茂人, 井出 俊彦, 鳥海 浩一郎1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. 65-71
発行日: 1991/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーMorphology and mechanical properties of poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/poly (bisphenol A carbonate) (PC) and PBT/PC/di-n-octadecyl phosphate (DNOP) melt blends have been examined as a function of PC fraction with DSC, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and SEM. Mechanical properties and dynamic viscoelastic properties of the blend filaments were also studied. The cross section of 90/10/0.5 blend etched by 4 vol% CH2Cl2/CCl4 mixture shows one phase structure, while network structure of PBT rich phase is observed for 70/30/0.5 blends, further the 10/90/0.5 blend is dissolved by the mixture. Two glass transitions are observed in DSC curves for 70/30/0.5 to 30/70/0.5 blends. The lower glass transition occurs at about the constant temperature, while the temperature of higher glass transition increases with the PC fraction. It is considered that the above two transitions are ascribed to PBT rich and PC rich phase, respectively. For 100/0 to 50/50 blends, dynamic storage modulus drops drastically at the glass transition temperature of PBT rich phase, whereas it drops at that of PC rich phase for 30/70 to 0/100 blends. Young's modulus and yielding stress of PBT/PC blends are higher than those estimated by assuming the additivity. Therefore, must be strong interactions between PBT and PC chains. The amount of transesterification occurring between PBT and PC chains is too little to be observed by FT-IR. Accordingly, the interaction can be caused by rearrangement of chain packing with mutual diffusion of the chains. This indicates partial miscibility between PBT and PC chains in the melt state. The crystallization of PBT chains in the blends is restrained by PC chains. In the PBT rich phase, crystallization rate becomes slower and the cold crystallization becomes unclear with diffusion of PC chains. On the other hand, PBT chains in the PC rich phase crystallize suddenly when the temperature exceeds the glass transition temperature of the phase. The morphology and the higher glass transition become clear by addition of DNOP. It is considered that DNOP accelerates the degradation of PBT chains.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1118K) -
大越 豊, 近田 淳雄, 三枝 伸司, 青木 茂人, 鳥海 浩一郎1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. 72-75
発行日: 1991/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーViscosities of poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/poly (Bisphenol A carbonate) (PC) and PBT/PC/di-n-octadecyl phosphate (DNOP) melt blends were measured at different temperatures by capillary rheometer. Melt viscosity indicate the Andrade's type of temperature dependence at temperature of 230 to 290°C. The changes of viscosity and activation energy with blend ratio could be explained well by the series model of PBT and PC components. The viscosity of 99/1 blend was as high as about two times that of PBT 100% sample. Activation energy for melt flow also increase by addition of small amount of PC. This was because a thermal degradation of PBT seems to be depressed by PC, which was bound to the PBT chain by transesterification and decrease the reactivity of the PBT end group. DNOP added to PBT/PC blends was bound to the end group of PBT chains and inhibited the transesterification between PBT and PC chains. DNOP lowered the molecular weight of PBT chain and causeed a drastic viscosity drop of PBT so as to give bubbles evolution during blending.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (281K) -
Hogyu Yoon, Kiyohisa Takahashi, Kazuo Kojima, Yuhji Kon1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. 76-83
発行日: 1991/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーResistance to transverse tension of the unidirectional carbon fiber/Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) composites was examined by uniaxial tensile and cleavage tests. Three types of unidirectional carbon fiber/PEEK composites were fabricated from: (a) prepreg sheet, (b) plain weave cloth (warp: commingled yarn of 1800d of carbon fiber with PEEK fiber, weft: PEEK yarn of 70d), or (c) 5-shaft sateen weave cloth (warp: carbon yarn of 1800d, weft: PEEK yarn of 900d). The initial Young's modulus and the breaking strength measured by the transverse tensile tests were the highest on the specimen (a). Those of the specimen (c) were the lowest because of the lack of the carbon fiber/PEEK interfacial adhesion. On the other hand, the mode I intralaminar fracture toughness estimated from the cleavage test was the highest on the specimen (b). The interfacial adhesion between the carbon fiber and PEEK resin was also investigated by scanning electron microscopic observation of the fractured surface after transverse tensioning. For specimen (b) the fracture surface was rough and irregular, and the fibers were twisted with one another. The fracture surface of specimen (a) was flat and smooth, and the fibers were parallel to one another. It was concluded that the undulation and twisting of the carbon fibers enhanced the fracture toughness of specimen (b).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2525K) -
Hiromu Takeda, Minako Toh1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. 84-88
発行日: 1991/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to study the coagulation behavior of poly (p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) (PBO)/poly (phosphoric acid) (PPA) solution in solvent-water coagulant, the transfer of PPA of PBO/PPA was investigated. The transfer of PPA from PBO/PPA into solvent-water coagulant proceeded in a diffusion process. This diffusion process was apparently divided into two stages. At the first stage of coagulation, the concentration of polymer solution and the coagulation temperature affected the rate of solvent decay. Apparent diffusion coefficient of solvent was in the range from 2.0×10-4 to 3.9×10-7 cm2/s. Activation energy obtained was about 10 kcal/mol. The concentration of polymer solution and polymer components had little influence to activation energy. At the second stage of coagulation, the concentration of polymer solution had no influence on the rate of solvent decay. Apparent diffusion coefficient was in the range from 1.2×10-7 to 1.6×10-8 cm2/s and was not influenced by the concentration of polymer solution. Activation energy was about 9.2 kcal/mol.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (302K) -
Hiroshi Mitomo, Etsuro Ota1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. 89-94
発行日: 1991/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーThermal decomposition processes of poly (β-hydroxybutyrate) PHB and poly (β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate) P (HB-co-HV) were investigated by means of thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The main decomposition of PHB occurred at ca. 250°C and that of the copolymer P (HB-co-28mol% HV) occurred at a temperature ca. 10°C lower than that of PHB. The activation energies estimated by the TG method were 109±13 kJ/mol for PHB and 126±13 kJ/mol for P (HB-co-28% HV). The GPC curves of PHB (and the copolymer) decomposed at 245°C showed a series of peaks which were assigned to decomposition products, i.e., crotonic acid (and 2-pentenoic acid) and dehydrated oligomers of PHB (and the copolymer). In the MS study, the mass spectrum of each of PHB and the copolymer showed a series of triplet or doublet peaks assigned to the decomposition products originated from each repeating unit and the oligomers (ranging up to pentamer). Moreover, the mass spectrum of thermal decomposition products of P (HB-co-28mol% HV) showed the intense peaks assigned to products of the mixed oligomers of both units, suggesting that it is an almost statistically random copolymer.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (413K) -
Namiko Miyata, Isao Sakata1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. 95-101
発行日: 1991/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーGraft copolymers of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and other polysaccharides (PS) [e. g., mannan, alginic acid, agar, pectin and starch] containing partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (P-Hyd-PAM) or poly (methyl acrylate) (P-Hyd-PMA), poly (2-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (PDM) and poly (sodium acrylate) (PAA-Na) were synthesized as super water-absorbents. The absorbency of HEC-P-Hyd-PAM was greater than that of other polysaccharides and HEC graft copolymers containing the other types of branch polymers. The HEC-P-Hyd-PAM graft copolymers absorbed deionized water and a physiological saline solution up to 1000-3000g/g and 100-300g/g of absorbent, respectively. These values were 3-5 times greater than those of commercially available super water-absorbents. The HEC and the monomers were converted to the trunk and branch polymers of the HEC graft copolymers in the yields of about 30-60% and 20-80%, respectively. With an increase in grafting, the absorbencies of water and saline solutions of HEC-P-Hyd-PAM increased and reached maxima at 150-300% grafting, while those of HEC-PDM and the compressive strength of both gels increased monotonously. The gels of HEC-P-Hyd-PAM showed a discrete volume change at certain CH3OH-H2O compositions. The absorbencies of water and saline solutions of the graft copolymers of HEC and the other polysaccharides depended on the viscosity of the trunk polymers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (454K) -
Masahiro Yoshinobu, Mitsuhiro Morita, Isao Sakata1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. 102-108
発行日: 1991/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーCellulosic water-absorbents of fibrous shape or sheet form, instead of the conventional powder form, were prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic monomers using a ceric ion initiator onto some kinds of cellulosics and post-hydrolysis. Two kinds of bleached kraft pulps from softwood (NBKP) were used for the preparation of the fibrous absorbents, and a slightly cyanoethylated NBKP (CE•NBKP), which is water-soluble, were altered to the powdered absorbents. With an increase in the degree of grafting, the water retention values (WRVs) of the grafted pulps increased rapidly and reached a respective maximum at about 200% grafting. The grafted NBKP and the grafted CE•NBKP could absorb water up to 2500g/g and 3000g/g of the grafted pulp, respectively. The saline retention values (SRVs) determined from absorbency for 0.9% sodium chloride solution were lowered to 1/20 of these WRVs. The sheet shape absorbents from a cellulose film (FILM) and a nonwoven fabric (NWF) could absorb about 150-250g water per graft copolymer at high grafting, and the grafted NWF kept their sheet shapes after swelling. The grafted NWF had high hygroscopicity and indicated the reversible sorption-desorption behavior with hysteresis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (442K) -
Toyonori Nishimatsu, Tetsuya Sakai1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. 109-113
発行日: 1991/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーUsing a corneal reflection system consisting of an eye-mark recorder, eye-movement, time, and frequency distributions of the fixation point, and the vector's direction of eye-movement were measured while a specialist was observing pictures of drape image. It was discussed on which points and parts of the drape image were checked by specialists and how they recognized the sensory value “drapability” by the visual information. The eye-movement of the specialist was composed of the saccadic movement at a high speed and the fixation at some characteristic points. It was clear that the specialist evaluated the “drapability” after observing some limited points, that is, the outline and the salient feature, on the drape image during a very short fixation time, instead of observing the total area of drape image proposed by Hamburger et al.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (915K) -
1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. 117
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (550K) -
竹田 啓1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. P74-P78
発行日: 1991/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1045K) -
多田 和美1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. P79-P84
発行日: 1991/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1172K) -
静 公平, 新藤 和美1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. P85-P88
発行日: 1991/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (319K) -
末永 純一1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. P89-P94
発行日: 1991/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1573K) -
三木 光範1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. P95-P99
発行日: 1991/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1123K) -
高橋 達見1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. P100-P105
発行日: 1991/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (2001K) -
藤原 隆, 笠谷 秀雄1991 年 47 巻 2 号 p. P106-P110
発行日: 1991/02/10
公開日: 2008/11/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1628K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|