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Volume 47, Issue 9
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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INTRODUCTION OF AMINO GROUPS INTO CELLULOSE VIA (2, 3-DIBROMOPROPYL) CELLULOSE UNDER MILD CONDITIONSChie Sawatari, Tatsuhiko Yagi1991 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 467-475
Published: September 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA technique to derivatize cellulose under mild conditions was devised. First, double bonds (allyl groups) were introduced into cellulose, and then the allylcellulose was converted to (2, 3-dibromopropyl) cellulose. The dibromo derivative was fairly stable and could be stored for more than 6 months at -20°C. Amino compounds reacted on (2, 3-dibromopropyl) cellulose at 37°C, and covalent bonds were formed between them. The cellulose derivatives prepared by this technique include |3-amino (or alkylamino)-2-bromopropyl|cellulose, |3-(ω-aminoalkylamino)-2-bromopropyl|cellulose, |3-(2-phosphoxy-ethylamino)-2-bromopropyl|cellulose, |3-anilino (or sulfanilino)-2-bromopropyl|cellulose. Cytochrome c3 and flavin-adenine dinucleotide were combined to cellulose by this technique. The degree of substitution of the above derivatives depended on the type of amine, and was 0.38 when hexylamine was the ligand. Ligands having a thiol group was bound to cellulose at 100°C. Some of these compounds had affinity for copper ions and ionic dyes, ion-exchange capacity, and resistance to cellulase. The cytochrome c3-combined cellulose had biochemical reactivity to transfer electrons to produce hydrogen gas from protons in a medium by the catalytic action of hydrogenase. The activity of 10mg of the cytochrome c3-combined cellulose corresponded to 0.33nmol of free cytochrome c3.View full abstractDownload PDF (599K) -
Yasusato Sugahara, Akira Takahashi1991 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 476-480
Published: September 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNon-catalytic and photo-induced graft copolymerization in single or binary monomer systems onto acid-form carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-H) was studied. The graft copolymerization activity of monomers in the single system decreased in the order of methyl methacrylate (MMA)>acrylonitrile (AN)>styrene (St)>vinyl acetate (VAc). Increase of the monomer concentration resulted in higher degree of grafting and longer branched chains, but did not lead to increase in the apparent number of grafted chains. As degree of substitution of CMC was increased, degree of grafting and the apparent number of grafted chains increased. However, the branched chain length was constant or decreased. On the other hand, no polymerization occurred for the monomers without CMC. These results indicate that the graft copolymerization is initiated by the photolysis of carboxyl groups in CMC. The graft copolymerization with a binary monomer system (AN-MMA and AN-St) gave the monomer reactivity ratios of the ungrafted copolymers close to the reported values for homogeneous systems. The monomer reactivity ratios for the graft copolymers were smaller than those for the ungrafted copolymers; i.e., the alternating tendency for the former was higher than that for the latter.View full abstractDownload PDF (329K) -
Kunihiro Hamada, Toshie Mori, Masaru Mitsuishi1991 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 481-486
Published: September 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sorption behavior of sodium 1-phenyl-2-hydroxy-6-naphthalenesulfonate and its derivatives by a nylon 6 film was investigated in order to elucidate the effects of fluorine atoms. For the derivatives, the amount of dye sorbed increased with time, and equilibrium sorption was not established even after the film was soaked in the aqueous dye solution for 7 days. The sorption isotherms obtained were interpreted by considering the dual sorption mechanism which is composed of partition and Langmuir type sorption. The partition coefficients were dependent on the sorption time, while the parameters for Langmuir type sorption were independent. The thermodynamic parameters calculated from the temperature dependence of the intrinsic binding constants for Langmuir type sorption were greatly influenced by the introduction of a trifluoromethyl and methyl group into the dye molecule. This result is discussed in consideration of hydrating water molecules around the dye anions.View full abstractDownload PDF (325K) -
Kazuo Yagami, Kaoru Murakami, Hideto Shosenji, Kimiho Yamada1991 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 487-491
Published: September 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcid dyes of anthraquinone type, C. I. Acid Green 25, Acid Green 27 and Acid Blue 40, on wool and silk were irradiated to investigate the interaction with a fluorescent agent of pyrazoline type, C. I. FBA 54 (FWG), using a low pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp and a xenon lamp equipped with a Pyrex filter. The dyed fabrics showed a decrease and then an increase in reflectances at the initial stage of the reaction followed by a monotonous decay in color. The fading of the dyes were depressed by FWG. The fluorescence of FWG increased at the initial stage of the reaction and then decreased. The degradation of FWG was depressed in the presence of dyes.View full abstractDownload PDF (285K) -
Shigeko Nakanishi, Fumiko Ohkouchi, Fumi Masuko, Ikuko Nishimoto1991 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 492-498
Published: September 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFlame retardant effects of nitrogen and/or phosphorous treatments of cotton fabrics were investigated through the analysis of pyrolytic gas formation. While the pyrolytic behavior of N-and/or P-treated samples with low limiting oxygen index (LOI) was similar to that of the untreated material, the behavior of samples with high LOI was remarkably altered. In particular, the sample treated with 20% diammonium hydrogen phosphate showed a large decrease in the generation of a poisonous gas (acrolein) and flammable gases, and showed an increase in the formation of unsaturated cyclic compounds, which contributed to the self-extinguishing behavior. These results were attributed to the synergistic effect of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds added to the cellulosic materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (494K) -
Shigeko Nakanishi, Ryoko Yokouchi1991 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 499-510
Published: September 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProteolytic reactions were investigated by using enzymes with different specificities, namely trypsin and savinase under the optimal conditions for each enzyme. The proteolytic products were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and fractionated according to the molecular weight. Removal of protein substrate from fibers was simultaneously evaluated by determining nitrogen content before and after proteolysis. Thus, the relationship between removability of protein from fibers and the proteolytic behavior was studied with the progress of the proteoylsis. Large differences were observed between proteolytic behavior of trypsin with high specificity and that of savinase with low specificity, i.e., proteoylsis by trypsin gave products of relatively high molecular weights in a range of Mw 104-105, and ratios of lower molecular weight fractions were considerably low. On the other hand, savinase produced much larger amounts of lower molecular weight fractions in the order of Mw 102 or of the level of amino acids. Savinase gave all peaks of hydrolyzates after 10 min-incubation and every peak showed a large enhancement with incubation time, while 30 min-incubation was required in the case of trypsin before appearing all peaks, and less increase was obverved even after 60 min-incubation. Removability of protein substrate from fibers showed a good agreement with such proteolytic behavior, particularly producing of low molecular weight fractions, and was dominated mainly by the ratio of fractions with low molecular weights in the order of Mw 102. Savinase was less affected by a surfactant showing less inhibition of proteolytic activity and lower reduction of removability of protein substrate by the addition of a surfactant.View full abstractDownload PDF (843K) -
1991 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 513
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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ZENJIRO OSAWA1991 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages P498-P503
Published: September 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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HITOSHI YAMAOKA1991 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages P504-P509
Published: September 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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EIJI IKADA1991 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages P510-P514
Published: September 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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SHIGEO NAKAMURA, YOSHIHARU DOI1991 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages P515-P520
Published: September 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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YUTAKA TOKIWA1991 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages P521-P526
Published: September 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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MASASHI NISHIYAMA1991 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages P527-P531
Published: September 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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MAKOTO YAMASHITA1991 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages P532-P536
Published: September 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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KIYOFUMI SAKAI1991 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages P537-P541
Published: September 10, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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