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Volume 49, Issue 1
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Takanori Suzuki, Yoshiaki Fujikura, Fumihiko Ozaki, Susumu Ikeda1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThermal conductivity of polyethylene (PE) filled with carbon black (CB) was measured as a function of temperature. Thermal conductivity decreased linearly with temperature in the scope of our study, where temperature coefficints of thermal conductivity were independent of CB weight fraction (Wf) and density of PE. Thermal conductivity increased linearly with density of PE with a coefficient which was independent of Wf below Wf=0.5, although the coefficient decreased significantly with Wf above Wf=0.5 because of mixing of air into sample films. Thermal conductivity was represented as a quadratic function of Wf when temperature and density of PE were constant. Summarizing above results, an empirical formula of thermal conductivity was derived as functions of temperature, density of PE and Wf.View full abstractDownload PDF (303K) -
Shigeru Kinpara, Shigeru Tasaka, Norihiro Inagaki1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 6-11
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe molecular motion of side chain with cyanoethyl groups in polymers having rigid and flexible main chains was investigated by dielectric measurement. Cyanoethylated polysaccharides with a rigid main chain showed a large dielectric relaxation (β) at low temperature (-50°C), β relaxation was enhanced by adding tricresylphosphate as a plasticizer. This β relaxation originates from the molecular motion of cyano group in the side chain. The β relaxation in cyanoethylated hydroxypropylcellulose, internal-plasticized cellulose, was very small and the α relaxation due glass transition was clearly observed. In cyanoethylated ployvinylalcohol and polyhydroxymethylene having a flexible main chain, the small β relaxation was observed just below each glass transition temperature (Tg). The relationship between the dielectric relaxation strength of the side chain and main chain structures was evaluated from the ratio of Tg to Ts (β relaxation temperature), corresponding to the magnitude of the chain mobility. It was revealed that cyanoethyl group connected with a rigid main chain was appropriate for a large dielectric relaxation strength in β relaxation.View full abstractDownload PDF (437K) -
Kazuo Nakayama, Hiroshi Takasu1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 12-17
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRolling of polypropylene (PP) sheets was carried out at the roll temperature of 110°C. Sheets prepared from four resins having different melt indices and weight average molecular weights were used in this study. Particular attention had been paid to the influence of molecular weights on the rolling behaviour of PP sheets. A stable stretching process of sheets was conducted experimentally using a singlepass rolling technique. The rolled PP sheets at higher thickness reduction had smooth surfaces and showed high transparency. The mechanical properties and molecular orientation in the rolled sheets were studied by tensile tests, sonic propagation method, birefringence, and dynamic viscoelastic measurements. The crystallinity of sheets decreased with the thickness reduction. Rolled PP sheets with higher molecular weight showed lower crystallinity. Changes in average molecular orientaion produced during rolling were influenced slightly by the molecular weights of sheets. PP sheets with higher molecular weights showed somewhat higher orientation. Yield strength of sheets increased markedly at thickness reduction higher than 60% and was affected by the molecular weight of PP.View full abstractDownload PDF (394K) -
Fujio Nakao, Hajime Asai1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 18-25
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of the surface roughness of carbon fiber derived from the precursor, on the interfacial adhesion strength between the carbon fiber and the epoxy matrix resin waz investigated. The interfacial adhesion strength was evaluated in terms of interfacial shear strength (τ), interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and transverse flexural strength (FS 90°).
τ, ILSS and FS 90° increased with the increase in surface oxygen content and surface roughness of carbon fiber. τ and ILSS which are related to longitudinal shear strength, had a good first-order correlation. However, FS 90° which is related to transverse adhesion strength, did not correlated with τ . The shear strength may depend on the friction coefficient. The surface roughness of the carbon fiber was considered to increase the roughness component of the friction coefficient. FS 90° relied on the process of destruction. It was considered that crack propagation was stopped by the surface roughness and the rise in the resistance of crack propagation resulted in the high values of FS 90°.View full abstractDownload PDF (3146K) -
Kaoru Shimamura, Hiroki Kobayashi, Tokimitsu Ikawa1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 26-31
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCrystallization of a rigid polymer, poly (p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole) from dilute solution has been investigated using a transmission electron microscope. Quenching forms fibrillar crystals in which polymer chains are parallel to the fibril. These fibrils change into shish-kebabs by subsequent heat treatment in the solvent. Isothermal crystallization gives groups of parallel rod-like crystals of the same length, which appear like “rafts” on a lake. Molecular chains are oriented normal to the rod crystal. The width of the rodlike crystal is closely related to the avarage molecular length, especially in the low molecullar weight region. Due to dispersity in molecular length, many oriented rigid chains are present as cilia on the margin of the rod crystals. Primary nuclei are mainly composed of higher molecular weight component. At early stages of organization of the rafts, the growing rod-like crystals (mother crystals) accompany fragmental crystals whose growth rate is much faster than that of the mother crystals, because of preliminary supply of the oriented molecular chains from the mother crystals. The differnce in the growth rate finally makes all the rod-crystals into the same length within the individual raft. Nucleation density and crystal growth rate have also been measured as functions of temperature and molecular weight.View full abstractDownload PDF (2498K) -
Takuma Kobayashi, Atsushi Kaji, Hironobu Kitagawa1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 32-40
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe polyester-polyester block copolymers were prepared by the reaction of poly (1, 4-butylene terephtalate) (PBT) with ε-caprolactone (ε-CL). The effects of molar ratio of PBT to ε-CL on molecular weight and on the character of block copolymer were studied. At the higher molar ratio of hard segment, the reduced viscosity ηsp/c of block copolymer tended to be higher. Good correlation between the numberaverage molecular weight _??_n and the intrinsic viscosity was well confirmed. The sequence lengths of the hard and soft segments depended both on the feed ratio of hard-PBT and soft-ε-CL, and on the rate of transesterification. Average sequence length of hard segments (m) became shorter with increasing the amount of ε-CL in feed, whereas that of soft segments (n) became longer. DCS curves of the copolymer having soft segment content lower than 60wt% showed no soft crystal melting. However, melting could be observed when soft segment contents of copolymers were higher than 75wt%. The hardness and modulus of block copolymer decreased with increasing the weight ratio of soft segment up to 60wt%, while they became higher when soft segment content was over 75wt%.View full abstractDownload PDF (538K) -
Michiko Kimura, Motoko Komaki, Toshinari Nakajima1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 41-46
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) on deposition of oily soils onto polyester fabrics have been investigated. The anti-deposition effects of PVA was remarkably influenced by its saponification degree rather than polymerization degree. A marked effect of anti-deposition was found for the partially saponified poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc). The adsorption properties of PVA on polyester fiber and oily soils were strongly affected by the residual acetate groups in PVA. These results suggested that the anti-deposition effects of the fully saponified PVAc were due to its adsorption on polyester fiber, and those of the partially saponified PVAc was attributed to its adsorption on oily soils.View full abstractDownload PDF (373K) -
Tan Yusheng, Mitsuo Matsudaira1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 47-52
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to get more wool-like polyester weave in the point of fabric hand, the best design of polyester weave with high-shrinkage fibers was investigated using variance analysis in orthogonal array. The effect of yarn structure and yarn density were inspected. 16 fabrics of 2/2-twill gaberdine were produced and their mechanical properties were measured using KES-FB system. Primary hand values and total hand value (THV) were calculated by conversion equations developed by Kawabata and Niwa. It was shown that THV became the highest when the high-shrinkage polyester fibers were used as weft yarns with high density and regular polyester fibers were used as warp yarns with low density. It was proved that wool-like fabric hand could be achieved by polyester weave using adequate combination of high-shrinkage polyester fibers. The subjective evaluations of fabric quality in the point of THV by experts in laboratory and factory at Shanghai did not agree with each other, but the evaluations by consumers at Shanghai agreed well with those by Japanese experts.View full abstractDownload PDF (1039K) -
Keiko Isoi, Ken Kazama, Jyunko Oda1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 53-56
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVariation in evaluating fashion clothes was statistically evaluated. Three experts evaluated fifty clothes twice using thirty image words, These evaluated values were classified into agreements and disagreements by using a statistical test. The evaluated words and clothes were classified into the main effects and the interactions by using Suryoka III. The evaluated criteria were obtained by using the correlation matrix and factor analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (250K) -
Yoshio Shimizu, Kazuya Sasaki, Keiichi Watanabe, Atsuo Konda, Yoichi K ...1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages 57-62
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, the pressure of a brassiere on the body was measured statically and dynamically. The static pressure in a standing position was large at the shoulder, the side and the back. In the other positions the ratio of static brassiere pressure in each position to the standing position was large at the shoulder and the back. By dynamic measurement, two main peaks of brassiere pressure were observed at the shoulder and the back while performing a motion. Larger brassiere pressure was observed at the shoulder, the side and the back by the dynamic measurement than by the static measurement. The brassiere pressure and observed changes were small at the cup of the brassiere. In comparing the results of the dynamic measurements, the brassiere pressure of a certain position was found to be different when a different motion was perfomed in the same position. It is necessary to measure the clothing pressure on the body dynamically in order to properly evaluate comfortable clothing.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
KAZUYUKI TANAKA1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages P3-P11
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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ZENICHIRO MAEKAWA, TATSUKI MATSUO1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages P12-P14
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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SUEO KAWABATA1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages P15-P25
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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University Education of Textile Science & Technology in the Surrounding Fields of Engineering SchoolTOSHINARI NAKAJIMA1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages P26-P28
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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TSUTOMU HONMA1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages P29-P34
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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MASAO MATSUI1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages P35-P37
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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YASUJI OHTSUKA1993 Volume 49 Issue 1 Pages P38-P41
Published: January 10, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1193K)
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