繊維学会誌

エチレン・プロピレン共重全体/スチレン・マレイン酸共重合体ブレンド系融体の一軸伸長流動

田中克史, 小山清人, 渡辺淳

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 1-6
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.1

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Uniaxial elongational viscosity-time curve (time<430 s (strain<1.3)) was measured at 175°C for the melt of an immiscible blend with and without a compatibilizer. The immiscible blend (PP-EPR/SMA) was composed of 70wt% ethylene-propylene copolymer (PP-EPR) and 30wt% styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMA). Ethylene fraction of PP-EPR was about 14wt% and maleic acid fraction of SMA was about lOwt%, respectively. The compatibilizer used in the present experiment was 15wt% styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS; Styrene/Butadiene=3/7 by wt%). Both of PP-EPR/SMA and PP-EPR/SMA/SBS showed the binary-phase mor-phology of particles and polymer matrix. Dynamic moduli G'. G" and viscosity under shear flow η were also measured at 175°C and at the angular frequency or shear rate ranging from 10^-5 to 10² s^-1. G'. G" and η of PP-EPR/SMA/SBS were almost consistent with those of PP-EPR/SMA. It is noted that non-linear behavior of the uniaxial elongational viscosity was observed for PP-EPR/SMA whereas it was not for PP-EPR/SMA/SBS. Morphology observation of PP-EPR/SMA/SBS elongated samples by scanning electron microscope showed that interface between particles and polymer matrix was compatibilized well enough and the particles were elongated by the polymer matrix. On the other hand, particles in PP-EPR/SMA were observed to be pealed off from polymer matrix.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (2027K)
制電性発現に必要な導電繊維の臨界導電性

松井雅男, 堤英伸

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 7-12
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.7

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

It is well known that there may be a critical conductivity which gives a good antistatic performance to electro-conductive fibers (ECF). However. in the past, this critical point was not clear because there was no accurate evaluation system to measure the antistatic properties. The authors recently developed a new measuring apparatus, (KB-system), which has excellent accuracy and reliability for evaluating the anti-static performance of fabrics. By using the KB system, the critical point has been determined to be 1×10⁹Ω•cm for both carbon black-applied ECF and metallic oxide (semiconductor)-applied ECF. This value is one hundred times greater than that of antistatic fibers prepared by using antistatic agents. The results show the existence of essential difference in discharging mechanisms for ECF and antistatic fibers.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (487K)
有機溶媒-水混合系中での羊毛織物のシアン化カリウム処理

増子富美, 古畑研一, 坂本宗仙

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 13-22
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.13

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Wool fabrics were treated with 0.08M KCN in water, a 1:3 (v/v) mixture of acetone and water or a 1:3 (v/v) mixture of 2-propanol and water at 50 or 80°C. The wool fabrics were shrunk in two stages (at the KCN treatment and at air-drying) and the thickness of the fabrics was increased by the treatment in mixed solvent systems but the air permeability of the treated fabrics was increased because pin holes were formed at the interseptions of the warp and filling yarns. Scanning electron microscopic observations of the fabrics treated in mixed solvent systems showed that the cross sections of the fibers were much deformed and sometimes fibers adhered each other. Deep longitudinal striations were found at the surfaces of the fibers. Experiments with single wool fibers showed that the bilateral distribution of ortho-and paracortical cells was reversed in relation to the crimps of the fibers by the treatment: orthocortical cells located on the outer side of the crimps before the treatment were located on the inner side after the treatment, and the striations were preferentially distributed on the orthocortical side of the crimps. The changes in the structures of fabrics, yarns and fibers were the most significant when treated with KCN in aqueous 2-propanol in which both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bonds in wool were cleaved the most effectively so that wool fibers swelled the most in this system.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (2390K)
脂肪族アルコール・スルホン酸型染料混合物の空気/水界面における吸着

原田悠三, 藤岡留美子, 田中筆子, 八丸哲子

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 23-27
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.23

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

The equilibrium surface tension of the aqueous solution of aliphatic alcohol and sulfonated dye mixture was measured as a function of the total molarity and mole fraction of dye of the mixture under atmospheric pressure at 298. 15 K. The systems used were n-butanol (BuOH) and C. I. Direct Red 39 (DR-39), and n-pentanol (PeOH) and C. I. Acid Orange 7 (AO-7) mixtures. In the former, the surface-activity of the alcohol was lower than that of the mixed dye, but in the latter, that of the alcohol was higher. By applying Motomura's thermodynamic equation, the total surface density and composition of the mixed adsorbed film were evaluated numerically. In the BuOH and DR-39 mixture system, the mixed adsorbed film abounded in DR-39 over the whole composition range of solution, while in the PeOH and AO-7 mixture system, the mixed adsorbed film abounded in PeOH. The same phenomena were recognized for the benzyl alcohol and acid dye mixture system. These results showed that the composition of the mixed adsorbed film was predominant in the more surface-active component.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (339K)
絹フィブロインフィルムにおける水蒸気の平衡収着

石黒純一, 平井良行, 中島利誠

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 28-31
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.28

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Three isotherms, termed I_total, I_1st, and I_2nd, were obtained from the data of successive differential sorptions at 30°C for the silk-water systems. The I_total, was obtained by accumulating the equilibrium uptakes at successive steps in the differential sorption. The I_lst was also obtained by accumulating the 1st-stage portion of equilibrium uptakes. The I_2nd was obtained by subtracting I_lst from I_total. The curves of I_total and I_lst, were sig-moidal, whereas that of I_2nd, which was concave against the abscissa, could be approximated to straight lines turned down at relative vapor pressure p/p_o around 0.65. The BET theory, Flory-Huggins' interaction parameter X₁, and the cluster function G₁₁/V₁, were employed to analyze the isotherms. The results for I_lst suggested that the structure of the corresponding amorphous region (termed amorphous 1) was similar to that in common synthetic polymers. The BET parameter n_m for I_2nd was unusually small. The X₁ had a maximum value at p/p_o≈0.65. The G₁₁/V₁ increased markedly at p/p_o>0.65; the large positive values of G₁₁/V₁ meant the clustering tendency of sorbed water. The value of p/p_o≈0.65 had been considered to be the critical water vapor pressure for glassrubber transition of amorphous 1 based on the previous differential sorption experiments. The conclusion which explains consistently these findings is that the sorption on amorphous 2 is caused by the swelling pressure induced by the sorption of water into amorphous 1 and the sorption behavior of amorphous 2 varies before and after the glass-rubber transition of the amorphous 1. Thus, for the amorphous structure of silk fibroin has proposed a following model: amorphous 2 is located in a matrix of amorphous 1.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (270K)
絹フィブロイン膜におけるイオンの透過性

陳建勇, 谷岡明彦, 箕浦憲彦

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 32-37
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.32

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Permeability coefficients of KCl, K₂SO₄, K₂HPO₄, MgCl₂, CaCl₂ and MgSO₄ were measured as a function of concentration of external solution in the system of silk fibroin membrane-electrolyte aqueous solution. Cation and anion mobilities (ω₊, ω_-) were obtained from the electrolyte permeability coefficient excluding the effects of the fixed charge groups in the membrane. Ion mobilities for KCl, CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ in the membrane were 1/100 of that in the water, and for K₂SO₄, K₂HPO₄ and MgSO₄ 1/1000. Anion mobilities were nearly constant irrespective of coupled counter ions. On the other hand, cation mobilities were much more affected by the coupled counter ions. Two-valent anions were much affected by the obstruction of polymer chains.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (388K)
アルキル鎖長の異なる酸性アゾ染料のナイロン染着性

軽部幸恵, 飯島俊郎

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 38-42
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.38

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Equilibrium sorption and diffusion rates of acid dyes in nylon dyeing were investigated. The dyes used have alkyl groups containing O-12 carbon atoms. The sorption isotherms were analysed quantitatively by a dual sorption model, consisting of partition (P) and Langumuir (L) mechanism. With increase in the number of carbon atoms, the P type contribution increases equilibrium sorption. Dyes containing alkyl groups with less than 10 of carbon atoms were sorbed stoichiometrically by the L type mechanism at the charged amino end groups of nylon. On the other hand, when the groups contained 10 and 12 of carbon atoms, the dyes were sorbed in excess of the equivalent of charged amino end groups.
Diffusion profiles in the nylon substrate were determined by the cylindrical film roll method and the results were interpreted by the same dual model. The longer the alkyl group, the larger in the contribution of P type diffusion, but its contribution to total diffusion is small. The concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient of the L type varied with the length of the alkyl chains.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (381K)
有機溶媒処理による絹糸の微細構造の変化

河原豊

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 43-45
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.43

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

Domestic (Bombyx mori) and wild (Antheraea pemyi) silk fibers were treated with organic solvents at various temperatures, and studied by means of X-ray diffraction analysis. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis suggested that the solvent induced crystallization occurred only in the domestic silk fiber, whereas the small-angle X-ray scattering analysis suggested that the fraction of microvoids was decreased by ethanol or acetic acid treatment in the wild silk fiber.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (235K)
セグメント化ポリウレタン尿素の鎖延長反応のモデル反応:ブチルアミンとフェニルイソシアナートとの反応速度

松井敏美, 有松義一, 鈴木肇

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 46-48
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.46

ジャーナルフリー

抄録を表示する抄録を非表示にする

The reaction between butylamines and phenyl isocyanate was studied as a model reaction for the formation of the hard segment in segmented polyurethaneurea. Since the reaction was too fast to measure by a conventional titration method, aniline was used as a competitive component in the reaction between n-butylamine (NBA) or sec-butylamine (SBA) and phenyl isocyanate (PHI) at O, 17 and 39°C. The rate constants of the reaction be-tween NBA and PHI were 30.9×10^-2, 44.2×10^-2 and 59.3×10^-2 L•mol^-1 • s^-1 at 0, 17 and 39°C and those for SBA and PHI were 8.3×10^-2, 18.8×10^-2 and 44.5×10^-2 L•mol^-1•s^-1 at 0, 17 and 39°C, respectively, The activation energies were 2.8 and 7.3 kcal/mol, respectively.

抄録全体を表示

PDF形式でダウンロード (197K)
繊維と固体NMR

朝倉哲郎

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P3-P4
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P3

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (752K)
人を演出する繊維

磯井佳子

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P5
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P5

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (680K)
製紙科学への挑戦

磯貝明

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P6-P7
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P6

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (715K)
繊維への思い

内川哲茂

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P8-P9
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P8

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (776K)
「繊維教育」って何?

大越豊

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P10-P11
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P10

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (635K)
ウルトラ繊維

大田康雄

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P12-P13
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P12

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (698K)
ベンベルグ事業に夢を乗せて

岡村一

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P14-P15
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P14

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (791K)
ロボットと繊維-牛肉と馬鈴薯-

小野栄一

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P16-P17
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P16

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (1321K)
分子集合体としての繊維とその魅力

加藤隆史

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P18-P19
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P18

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (827K)
天然繊維の本質の探求と新規材料への展開の夢

小原奈津子

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P20-P21
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P20

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (850K)
繊維への期待

佐藤好伸

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P22-P23
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P22

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (723K)
炭素繊維の研究に寄せる期待

塩谷正俊

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P24-P25
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P24

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (878K)
粒子分散系及び高分子濃厚系のエレクトロレオロジー

田中克史

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P26-P27
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P26

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (685K)
セルロースに賭ける

田中良平

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P28-P29
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P28

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (735K)
21世紀の繊維

永田直彦

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P30-P31
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P30

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (720K)
新しい複合系の構築に向けて

西尾嘉之

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P32-P33
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P32

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (719K)
快適合成繊維素材にかける夢

樋口徹憲

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P34-P35
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P34

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (614K)
繊維のおもしろさ

牟田神省吾

1994 年 50 巻 1 号 p. P36-P37
発行日: 1994/01/10
公開日: 2008/11/28

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.P36

ジャーナルフリー

PDF形式でダウンロード (741K)

J-STAGEへの登録はこちら（無料）