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Volume 50, Issue 11
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Y. Maeda, H. Sakai, T. Hatakeyama, T. Kitano, K. Nakayama1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages 493-497
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCrystallization and melting behavior of a commercial compatibilized blend of 40/60 wt% of polypropyrene/polyamide-6 (PP/PA-6), ORGALLOY R-6000 supplied by Atochem Inc., was studied at high pressures up to 500 MPa using a high pressure DTA. The Tm vs. P phase diagram of each component of the PP/PA-6 blend was obtained. It was found that melt crystallization of the PA-6 as matrix is depressed with increasing pressures above 300 MPa, and remarkably depressed at about 500 MPa. The inhibition of crystallization of the PA-6 at high pressure may be either due to a chemical interaction, probably graft copolymerization of the compatibilizer with the PA-6 or due to the strong constraints of crystallization of PA-6 by the compatibilizer distributed randomly inside the PA-6 matrix. Morphological and thermal properties of the pressure-crystallized blend samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.View full abstractDownload PDF (805K) -
Masashi Minami, Rika Takatsu, Makoto Demura, Tetsuo Asakura1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages 498-504
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have recorded several kinds of 13C NMR to characterize the structure of the noncrystalline domain in Bombyx mori silk fibroin and the influence of hydration on the structure of silk fibroin. First, the structural analysis of the soluble fraction (noncrystalline domain) after chymotrypsin hydrolysis of the silk fibroin has been performed by 13C solution NMR spectroscopy. In the noncrystalline fraction. Cs fraction, the C-terminal amino acid residues are identified as---Gly-Tyr from the pH titration of the spectra. Similarly, the N-terminal residues are identified as Gly-Ser---. Second, the 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra for the precipitated fraction (Cp fraction; crystalline domain) and Cs fraction have been observed as a function of moisture regain in order to know what parts, residue or groups, interact with the adsorbed water. In the Cp fraction, the significant spectral changes were not observed with increasing water content. However, in the Cs fraction, the significant changes were observed at the carbonyl carbon peak of the N-terminal Gly residue and the aromatic Cγ carbon peak of the C-terminal Tyr residue by hydration. Third, the 1H NMR spin-lattice relaxation times, T1 of water in Cp and Cs fractions were observed. The T1 values were analyzed as two components for the Cp fraction and three components for the Cs fraction. The water molecules with the restricted motion increase considerably in the Cs fraction and such a restricted motion is roughly divided into two cases. This seems to be corresponding to the strongly hydration at the terminal groups observed in the 13C CP/MAS NMR spectrum of the Cs fraction.View full abstractDownload PDF (422K) -
Yutaka Kawahara, Hirokazu Furuta, Masatoshi Shioya, Takeshi Kikutani, ...1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages 505-509
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFiber structure and swelling behavior of domestic silk fibers (Bombyx mori) treated with a mixture of glyoxal and urethane resins were investigated. The amino acid composition of the hydrolysate solution of the resin treated fibers indicated that the glyoxal monomer reacted with the tyrosine residue. For the glyoxal resin with relatively large number of hydroxyl groups per glyoxal monomer, the fixation of the resin to the amorphous regions of the fibers was promoted and the crystallites with smaller sizes were destroyed. However, if the number of hydroxyl groups was relatively small, the degree of swelling of the amorphous regions decreased although the amount of the resin fixed in the fibers was small. The decrease in the absorption of water by treating the fibers with a mixture of glyoxal and urethane resins was considered to be caused by the crosslinkings formed in the fibers.View full abstractDownload PDF (321K) -
Kenichiro Arai, Fumiko Aoki1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages 510-514
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new cellulose derivative, sodium deoxycellulosesulfonate was prepared by a nucleophilic substitution of cellulose p-toluenesulfonate (cellulose tosylate) with sodium hydrogensulfite under refluxing in water. Degree of substitution of water-insoluble fraction of the sulfonate increased with reaction time and it was about 0.10 for cellulose tosylate with DS of 0.92 and 0.065 for that with DS of 0.79 at 24h, respectively. Yield of the insoluble sulfonates decreased with reaction time and showed a value as low as 48mol% for cellulose tosylate with DS of 0.92 at 48h. Conversions of the p-toluenesulfonate group to the sulfonate group were 11 and 8.2mol% for cellulose tosylates with DS of 0.92 and 0.79 at 24h, respectively, and p-toluenesulfonate group still remained even after the reaction of 48h. The sodium deoxycellulosesulfonate was identified by dyeing test with Methylene Blue for acid group, micro combustion test for sulfur, incineration test for sulfonate and sulfate groups, and hydrolysis-in-cineration test for sulfonate group, as well as with IR absorption spectra.View full abstractDownload PDF (842K) -
Nobuyoshi Aoki, Shigeru Suzuki, Ken-ichi Furuhata, Munenori Sakamoto1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages 515-519
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBromination of bead cellulose was studied under heterogeneous conditions with tribromoimidazole and triphenylphosphine in several organic solvents. The addition of imidazole to the reaction system raised the degree of substitution with bromine (DSBr) of the products. The DSBr value increased at higher molar ratios of reagents to the repeating unit of cellulose and at longer reaction times, and exceeded 0.6 under appropriate conditions in dimethylacetamide or toluene-acetonitrile (1:2v/v). The bromine distribution in the bromodeoxycellulose samples obtained was not homogeneous and 3, 6-dibromo-3, 6-dideoxyallose and 3, 6-dibromo-3, 6-dideoxyglucose units were contained even in the samples with DSBr lower than 0.5 along with 6-bromo-6-deoxyglucose and unmodified glucose units.View full abstractDownload PDF (329K) -
Nobuyoshi Aoki, Takumi Taniguchi, Norihiro Arai, Ken-ichi Furuhata, Mu ...1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages 520-525
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHalodeoxycellulose gel beads were treated with polymethylenediamines under alkaline conditions in water or in dimethyl sulfoxide. Bromine atoms in bromodeoxycellulose gel beads were substituted with amino groups of diamines to yield cellulose derivatives having pendent amino groups, while the substitution hardly occurred for chlorodeoxycellulose samples. The aminated gel beads were treated with glutaraldehyde for immobilization of alkaline phosphatase. Azomethine bonds formed were reduced to stabilize the bonding between the enzyme and the support. Temperature and pH optima of the enzyme were not changed much by immobilization, while the value of apparent Michaelis constant increased. The length of diamine chain showed no influence on the apparent Michaelis constant and maximum velocity of the immobilized alkaline phosphatase within the number of methylene groups between 2 and 12.View full abstractDownload PDF (1065K) -
Satoko Okubayashi, Hirokazu Akahori, Jin Matsumoto, Teruo Hori1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages 526-532
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFunctional membranes, in which manganese meso-tetra (o-aminophenyl) porphyrin-spacer-linked polymer beads were incorporated, were prepared. The electron transfer function of the membranes was investigated by driving the conjugated redox reactions across the membranes. Consequently, it was shown that manganese porphyrin derivatives fixed to the side chains of polymer in form of beads acted as good electron carrier, while iron porphyrin, hemin, fixed to them did not. The kinetic investigation of electron tranfer supported that the hydrophilic polymer matrix and rigid side chains (spacers) were of large advantage to electron transfer function of metalloporphyrin.View full abstractDownload PDF (977K) -
Tomiji Wakida, Tokuju Goto, Huishun Li, Tetsuya Sato, Muncheul Lee, Ji ...1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages 533-537
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPoly (ethylene terephthalate) fabric and film were treated with carbon tetrafluoride and trifluoromethane low-temperature plasmas, washed and subsequently heat-treated. The excellent water repellency of the plasmatreated fabrics was decreased by washing and recovered again by heat treatment. The critical surface tension of the plasma-treated films was increased by washing and decreased by the subsequent heat treatment in accordance with the water repellency of the CF4 and CHF3 plasma-treated fabrics. Changes in the surface chemical components were investigated by means of ESCA analysis. The F1s intensity of the plasma-treated fabrics was decreased by washing and recovered by heat treatment, while the O1s intensity was increased by washing and decreased by heat treatment. An excellent correlation was obtained between the change in water repellency of the fabrics by washing and heat treatment and the results of ESCA analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (288K) -
Shigeo Hirose, Ken Kobashigawa, Hyoe Hatakeyama1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages 538-542
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolyurethane (PU) foams and sheets were prepared from molasses (MOL) solutions in polyethylene glycol having molecular weights of 200 and 400 (PEG 200 and 400) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). For the preparation of foams, small amounts of di-n-butyltin dilaurate (catalyst), silicone oil (surfactant) and water (foaming reagent) were added to the above reaction system. The thermal decomposition temperatures, which were determined by thermogravimetry (TG), decreased slightly with increasing MOL content of PU's. The glass transition temperatures, which were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), increased with the increase in MOL content of PU's suggesting that MOL exists at crosslinking points and reduces main chain motion of PU's. The increase in modulus and strength of foams and sheets was observed in compression and tensile tests when MOL contents in PU foams and sheets were increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (334K) -
Takashi Itoh, Masayuki Ohsumi, Hajime Tsuchiya, Kenzo Kuboki, Takashi ...1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages 543-549
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStructural changes caused by electron-radiation damage during transmission-electron-microscopic observation were studied with low electron-beam-current-density of 1.8×10-2-5.0×10-1 A/m2 on specimens utilizing a microchannel plate for single crystals of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) as well as thin films of PVDF and vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene (VDF/TrFE) copolymer developed on water surface from the solutions. Disappearance time of the crystalline diffraction pattern depended on the total electron dose at constant accelerating voltage and temperature. Moire pattern in the dark-field image was found more sensitive to the radiation damage than the diffraction pattern, which was related to the g-factor in the Hosemann's paracrystalline theory. Temperature effect was prominent in the case of PEO with a melting point lower than the other polymers. The total electron dose required to make the crystal amorphous increased almost linearly with accelerating voltage in all polymers examined. A microchannel plate was revealed to be useful through this study as an observation tool under the low electron-current condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (2040K) -
Shuichi Takamatsu, Tomomi Kobayashi, Tadashi Komoto, Motoyuki Sugiura, ...1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages 550-553
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA morphological study was made on tribology of polyoxymethylene (POM) and its alloys with low density polyethylene (POM/LDPE) and with styrene/acrylonitrile-grafted LDPE (POM/LDPE-g-PSAN) slid against steel in air. Frictional coefficient and specific wear rate decreased in the order of POM, POM/LDPE and POM/LDPE-g-PSAN. It is revealed from TEM observations of the carbon replica films of the frictioned surfaces that the tribological behavior depends on the low friction coefficient of LDPE and an improved compatibility of POM and LDPE by LDPE-g-PSAN.View full abstractDownload PDF (1562K) -
Inhibitory Effect of Ionic Dyes in Treating SolutionMitsuo Ueda, Isamu Ohgoh, Yurika Yoshimura, Tomiji Wakida1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages 554-556
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInhibitory effects of Congo Red and Orange II, which were present in treatment solution, on the cellulase catalytic reaction for viscose rayon substrate was investigated. Congo Red showed much more remarkable inhibitory action for the cellulase catalytic reaction than Orange II did. Visible absorption of Congo Red shifted appreciably to longer wavelength in the presence of cellulase in the solution, indicating that there may be specific interactions between the dye and the enzyme, whereas slight red shift, in contrast, was observed with Orange II. The inhibitory action of Congo Red in the treatment solution was interpreted in terms of the formation of the dyecellulase complex in the solution, whose enzymatic activity was less than that of free cellulase.View full abstractDownload PDF (203K) -
MASAYOSHI ITO1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages P591-P595
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (902K) -
RYOICHI KATAKAI, MASARU YOSHIDA1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages P596-P601
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1576K) -
AKIHIKO OUCHI1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages P602-P606
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1959K) -
MASAKI TSUJI, SYOZO MURAKAMI1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages P607-P613
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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YO-ICHI MATSUMOTO1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages P614-P616
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (826K) -
AKIRA SHINOHARA1994 Volume 50 Issue 11 Pages P617-P618
Published: November 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1231K)
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