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Volume 50, Issue 12
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Takeshi Kikutani, Yutaka Kawahara, Naoki Ogawa, Norimasa Okui1994 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 561-566
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObservation of high-speed spinline using a video camera was carried out to obtain directly the detailed diameter profiles of neck-like deformation. An optical system was developed by adding a set of cylindrical lenses to the usual telescope-type optical system. This system magnified the horizontal direction four times larger than that in the vertical direction. Using this apparatus, the image of the neck-like deformation in high-speed splinline of poly (butylene terephthalate) was successfully captured. Although the shape of the neck-like deformation was more moderate than that of the “necking” observed in the cold-drawing of undrawn fibers, the calculated velocity gradient at the end point of the neck-like deformation showed extremely high values of ca. 10 and 30ms-1 for the take-up velocities of 4 and 5km/min, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1524K) -
Masato Takahashi, Shuichi Nojima1994 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 567-572
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhase separation process of polystyrene (PS)/poly (2-chlorostyrene) (P2-ClS) blends was investigated by time resolved small angle X-ray scattering measurements utilizing synchrotron radiation. Scattered intensity increased initially, and then decreased with the progression of phase separation. The time period in which the scattered intensity increased depended on the wave number and temperature, and became long with the wave number decreased. Because of the wave number dependence of the time period, some wave number region where the intensity decreased from the biggining of phase separation existed in higher wave number region. In the time period in which the intensity increased, the time evolutions of the scattered intensity could be successfully described by the linearized theory of Cahn-Hilliard-Cook except the later time region, indicating that the bigining of phase separation corresponded to the early stage of phase separation. Wave number dependence of the time period in which the scattered intensity increased showed that the time period of the early stage of phase separation became short, and the contribution of the non-linear term in the diffusion equation, which described the time evolution of phase separation, became important with increasing wave number.View full abstractDownload PDF (351K) -
Masahiro Funabashi, Takeshi Kitano1994 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 573-580
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sample of epoxy resin filled with chopped carbon fibers was prepared by using centrifugal force in order to make the functionally gradient materials. The fiber content gradient measured by density of samples in the direction of centrifugal force was affected by aspect ratio of fibers and the magnitude of centrifugal force, The volume resistivity of samples was measured by the parallel plate electrodes and by the four-probe method in both directions parallel and perpendicular to the direction of centrifugal force. The values of volume resistivity perpendicular to the direction of centrifugal force was less scattered and lower than those parallel to the centrifugal force direction. The volume resistivity of samples was also affected by aspect ratio of fibers and the magnitude of centrifugal force. The samples show the volume resistivity less than 107 ohm-cm by both methods. It was confirmed by scanning electron microscopic observation that most of fibers aligned perpendicular to the direction of centrifugal force. The results indicated that the conductive composites with the fiber content gradient was prepared by using centrifugal force.View full abstractDownload PDF (1209K) -
Takao Kokugan, Tetsuya Takada1994 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 581-586
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe new separation method based on the selective inclusion properties of cyclodextrin (CD) for structural isomers and selective permeability of ultrafiltration were applied to the optical resolution where the selective inclusion of enantiomers by CD is the key step. Permeation experiments were carried out with enantiomers of threonine and phenylalanine. Some informations about the optical resolution of amino acids by the presented method were obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (705K) -
Hiroyuki Shintani, Yuji Matsumoto, Atsushi Ishizu, Gyosuke Meshitsuka1994 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 587-592
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy chlorine treatment, residual lignin in hardwood kraft pulp became soluble in water more easily than that in softwood kraft pulp. Majority of adsorbable organic halide (AOX) and about half of total organic carbon (TOC) produced by chlorine treatment of hardwood kraft pulp was found to be present in a chlorination stage (C-stage) effluent rather than in an alkali extraction stage (E-stage) one, which makes a contrast to the significance of E-stage effluent of softwood kraft pulp. By oxygen treatment, a part of residual lignin in kraft pulp is converted to a part which is very reactive to chlorine, resulting in an increase of a delignification at C-stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (339K) -
Shigeru Inui1994 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 593-598
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, a computer technique that helps consumers to take part in apparel design is presented. An interactive computer-aided system for designing is constructed on the basis of a search method called genetic algorithm (GA). This system was actually constructed on a computer network system. The system generates new design examples one after another, while the user of the system gives marks for each design example. In this manner the user can interactively search for a pleasing design. Three examples were executed on the system. These were snow crystals, line drawings of human faces and texture weaves. Every object of GA must be encoded but there is no general method of encoding. Here, one method of encoding texture weaves is shown. It is shown that adoption of GA to this kind of system is effective.View full abstractDownload PDF (1463K) -
Tamako Toda, Hirohisa Yoshida, Koushi Fukunishi1994 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 599-604
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dye (Crystal Violet) exhaustion of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) increased with increasing annealing temperature for both the dry and wet conditions. The ratio of the absorbance of the α-band (600nm) to that of the β-band (560nm) (α/β ratio) has been used as an indication of the degree of aggregation of the dye. The value of α/β ratio gradually decreased with an increase in dye exhaustion of PET. This suggests that the dye molecules partially exist in an aggregated form at high dye concentration in PET. On the other hand, the density and the degree of crystallinity of PET also increased with increasing annealing temperature. Based on the two-phase model, the amorphous density of PET was calculated from the observed density and degree of crystallinity. The amorphous density decreased as crystallization increased under both the dry and wet conditions. Under the wet annealing condition, the amorphous density decreased faster than that of PET during dry annealing. The structure of the amorphous region of PET became sparse as the crystallization proceeded, especially the amorphous structure of the wet-annealed PET significantly changed as a result of the plasticizing effect of adsorbed water. The increase in dye exhaustion of PET with increasing annealing temperature was explained well in terms of the amorphous structure.View full abstractDownload PDF (378K) -
Takao Shibusawa1994 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 605-607
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDisperse dyes dissolved in aqueous dye bath bind to dispersants; the bound dye loses the affinity for polymer substrates. Addition of a constant concentration of dispersants in the dye bath varies the shape of the sorption isotherm of disperse dyes on polymers due to the dye binding by dispersants.
Computer simulation predicted that the shape of the isotherm will vary from convex to upward to linear and then to concave to upward as the concentration of the dispersant is increased. The prediction was confirmed experimentally using β-cyclodextrin as a model compound for dispersants.
Linear sorption isotherms of purified disperse dyes on polymers reported by earlier investigators were interpreted in terms of the presence of a constant concentration of dispersants in aqueous dye bath.View full abstractDownload PDF (188K) -
Ashoke K. Karmokar, Hisayoshi Kabeya, Yasuyuki Tanaka1994 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 608-614
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study is in line with the research program of finding out a characteristic correlation which may exist between surface asperities of geotextile and soil material in pull-out failure of reinforcement application. To simplify the complex surface asperities of geotextile materials, different acrylic plates with embossed concavities on their surface are used as model reinforcing elements in the investigation. Experiments on pull-out frictional behavior of such acrylic plates with both cohesionless and cohesive soils are carried out in laboratory. The various trends of apparent pull-out frictional resistance as obtained with the soil types are discussed. The roughness (concavity size) and soil particle diameter are found playing important roles in determining the pull-out frictional behavior.View full abstractDownload PDF (458K) -
Tatsuo Yamauchi1994 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages 615-617
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMercury porosimetry was used to study the structural characterization of the coating layer formed on a plastic film. The analysis of mercury penetration and retraction curves based on the “interconnected pore” model provides four characteristic parameters of the pore structure, i.e., porosity, sizes of openings and interstices, and degree of interconnection and further the mean size of the pigments constituting the coating layer. The estimated sizes of openings and clay particles are consistent with those observed with scanning electron microscopy.View full abstractDownload PDF (603K) -
YASUHIRO KOIKE, EISUKE NIHEI1994 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages P623-P627
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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KEIICHI KANETO1994 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages P628-P631
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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TOSHIKI KOYAMA, TAKAHISA FUKUZAWA, HIROFUSA SHIRAI1994 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages P632-P637
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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JUNJI WATANABE1994 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages P638-P641
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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the Strings of the Koto (a horizontal harp), Biwa (a lute with a bent neck) and Shamisen (a three-stringed instrument)HIROYUKI OZASA1994 Volume 50 Issue 12 Pages P642-P644
Published: December 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1240K)
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