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Volume 50, Issue 5
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Yukihiro Sato, Seiji Tokino, Tomiji Wakida, Tetsuya Sato, Hiroshi Uchi ...1994 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 195-198
Published: May 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolyphenylene sulfide film was treated with low-temperature oxygen, nitrogen, and argon plasmas, argon sputter etching, and low-temperature helium/argon plasma under atmospheric pressure, and then the surface characteristics were investigated by means of critical surface tension and ESCA measurement. Critical surface tension and the O1s intensities in ESCA spectra were increased considerably after discharge treatments. By helium/argon atmospheric low-temperature plasma treatment, the Nls and O1s intensities increased remarkably. From wave form separation of Cls and S2P spectra, it was found that oxygens incorporated in the polymer are present in the forms of -C-O-, -COO-, -S(=O)-, and -S(=O)2-. The oxygens incorporated by atmospheric low-temperature plasma treatment caused considerable increase of -S(=O)2-intensity.View full abstractDownload PDF (273K) -
Yutaka Kawahara, Masatoshi Shioya, Takeshi Kikutani, Akira Takaku1994 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 199-207
Published: May 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe small angle X-ray scattering of domestic and wild silk fibers were examined under air-dried, water-swollen, and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution-swollen conditions. The scattering intensity of those fibers were higher in water-swollen state than in dried state. It became much higher when a sodium hydroxide solution was used to swell the specimens, exhibiting a maximum or a shoulder in the scattering curve. This suggests the appearance of structures having a long period in the direction perpendicular to the fiber axis. The increase of scattering intensity was larger in domestic silk fiber than in wild silk fiber. The weight-loss of fibers due to the treatment with a sodium hydroxide solution was also larger in domestic silk fiber. The increase in scattering intensity of swollen domestic silk fiber became less marked when they had been subjected to the treatment with a metal-salt solution or the tannin fixing treatment in advance. These experimental evidences suggest that the molecular chains in amorphous region of the wild silk fibers seem to be rigidly linked by the coloring and the mineral matter.View full abstractDownload PDF (1072K) -
Hajime Tsuchiya, Takashi Itoh, Takashi Konishi1994 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 208-214
Published: May 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTransmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation and X-ray analysis were performed for collagen fibrils removed from rat tail tendon (RTT) and rat skin (RS) in order to analyze the structural difference between the RTT and RS fibrils, as well as the artifact phenomena caused by the samplepreparation procedures for TEM observation. The band period in the native RTT collagen fibril was estimated to be 67 nm from the small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) result, while it reduced when the sample was air-dried, or chemically fixed and subsequently dehydrated. It was found on the basis of TEM results for the thin-sections of RTT specimen that the band period shortened uniformly in the case of air-drying. The extreme contraction was observed in the Overlap Region (OR) after the fixation-dehydration. The ratio of raised-region length to concave-region one in the surface morphology was measured to be 47:53 by the TEM photograph for the specimen prepared by the freeze-etching (FE) method, which closely agrees with the results calculated from the SAXS intensity on the basis of the two-phase model. Such result suggests that the surface morphology corresponds to the molecular packing in the fibril. It was also found on the basis of SAXS result that the band period of RS was 65 nm and the ratio of OR to GR was 49:51 or 51:49. Such difference in the band structure between RTT and RS could not be explained by the helix pitch in the molecular conformation or the staggering length along the chain axis between the adjacent tropocollagen molecules. Morphological structure such as the filamentous spiral texture observed in the glycerinated RS collagen fibril may be related to the contraction of the band period of RS and the conformation of the telnnentide chain in the end region of the molecule may affect the ratio of OR to GR.View full abstractDownload PDF (2662K) -
Katsumasa Tsurugai, Takao Hiraide1994 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 215-220
Published: May 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree kinds of N-trimethylammonium salts of chitosan were prepared in order to study the antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, ATCC 25922, (E. coli) and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 149909, (St. epidermidis). N-Trimethylammonium iodide of chitosan (TMC-I) was prepared by the reaction of chitosan with methyl iodide. N-Trimethylammonium chloride of chitosan (TMC-C1) was prepared from TMC-I by exchanging on resin (Amberlite IRA-400 (C1-)) subsequently. N-Trimethylammonium hydroxide of chitosan (TMC-OH) was prepared from TMC-I by treating with aqueous NaOH solution and dialyzing. TMC-I and TMC-C1 became water soluble. TMC-OH was insoluble in water. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns showed that TMC-I and TMC-C1 were amorphous and that TMC-OH was crystalline. TMC-I, TMC-CI and TMC-OH showed antibacterial activities against E. coli and St. epidermidis.View full abstractDownload PDF (440K) -
Ryouji Matsuda, Haruki Imaoka1994 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 221-228
Published: May 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA technique of simulating the dressing process complying with the plan of garment's design, the mechanical properties of the material, each consumer's body, and multi-postures without a sample-making process is important as one of the elements in advanced-apparel CAD systems as well as a service for consumers. In computer graphics, it is difficult to clarify the interaction of the garment and the human body, if the shape of the human body is constructed in either a wire-frame model or a surface model. We tried to model the shape of the human body with primitives called meta-balls or density balls. One of the characters of meta-balls system is an operation called fusion. In Previous analysis one was not free to select fusion or nonfusion among meta-balls in constructing such model. In this paper, however, a method has been devised by which fusion or nonfusion may be freely selected, it is then possible to construct a human body model simulating the dressing process. Following that, the density distribution inherent in metaballs are utilized for calculating the contact drag of the garment and human body at various arbitrary contact positions. It is therefore possible to develop a basic mechanical algorithm which can simulate the dressing process, the shape of the garment changes along with the shape of the model.View full abstractDownload PDF (3300K) -
Shigenobu Kobayashi, Taisuke Ito, Yasuhiro Murase1994 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 229-236
Published: May 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDyeing behavior of some disperse dyes on TechnoraR, a kind of aramid fiber, was studied. The following results were obtained.
(1) By using thermostable anthraquinone disperse dyes. C. I. Disperse Red 60 and C. I. Disperse Blue 56, TechnoraR was found to be dyeable to a concentration of 1.0-1.4wt% at a high temperature of 150 to 190°C without carriers. Dyeability was particularly improved above 170°C.
(2) Dichroisms (fD's) of TechnoraR dyed with the two dyes were estimated to be about 0.6 irrespective of both dye uptake and dyeing temperature. The fD- value respecting to the long axis of the needle-like crystal of Red 60 was found to be 0.63.
(3) The findings described in (1) and (2) suggest that dye molecules of Red 60 adsorbed in the fiber align along the fiber axis as like they do along the long axis of the needle-like crystal in the crystalline state.View full abstractDownload PDF (2029K) -
ATSUHIRO HONDA1994 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages P164-P169
Published: May 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1134K) -
MITSURN KUJIOKA1994 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages P170-P175
Published: May 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1479K) -
KAZUHIRO NAKANE1994 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages P176-P180
Published: May 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1141K) -
G. MENGES, AKIO FUJIMOTO1994 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages P181-P187
Published: May 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1565K) -
U. S. A. TrendsNORIHISA KUSAKAWA1994 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages P188-P192
Published: May 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1598K)
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