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Volume 50, Issue 8
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Toshiharu Nakajima, Yasusato Sugahara, Akira Takahashi, Shinya Teramac ...1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 329-334
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGraft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto carboxymethyl-chitin (CM-Chitin) and the characterization of graft copolymer were carried out. Chitin was first carboxymethylated with monochloroacetic acid in alkali medium. Degree of carboxymethylation (DS) increased with increasing monochloroacetic acid concentration and prolonging reaction time. At the same time, alkali solution also caused deacetytation of chitin. CM-Chitins with various DS were grafted with MMA using ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS). Degree of grafting increased with increasing APS concentration. Addition of crosslinking agent to the system extremely increased degree of grafting. The chain length of grafts of CM-Chitin decreased compared with that of chitin. Degree of grafting and the apparent number of grafted chains also increased with increasing DS and then decreased DS around 0.6. These results indicate that carboxyl groups participated in not only initiation reaction but also termination reaction. Samples having higher degrees of grafting adsorbed less amount of water.
Cation exchange capacity of the graft copolymer depended on pH of solution and was affected by ion species. From pH 4 to 5, the cation exchange capacities for divalent ions were the following order; Cu2+>Ca2+>Cd2+, those for different charge ions were the following order; Fe3+>Cu2+>Ag+. Since the graft copolymers could be used repeatedly, these are considered to be useful ion exchangers.View full abstractDownload PDF (401K) -
Masayuki Takatera, Limin Bao, Akira Shinohara1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 335-342
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simulation method is presented for the estimation of the parameters which characterize the forcedbending vibration of a strip of textile fabric, such as the constants related to the hysteresis and damping; a nolinear least-squares-method is adopted to consider the nonlinearity inherent to the phenomena, and the stability of estimation as well as the influence of experimental error on the estimation are examined. The amplitude-fre-quency dependency obtained by experiment could be sufficiently reproduced from the parameters estimated by this method. In the estimation of the whole curve of hysteresis, the accuracy was not so good but could be fairly improved if the rigidity data at higher curvatures were incorporated as auxiliary information.View full abstractDownload PDF (545K) -
Shizuo Kubota, Kozo Emori1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 343-348
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCotton fiber was modified by low temperature plasma of air, oxygen and argon and the effects on flexual rigidity, suppleness, water absorption etc. of cotton fiber was investigated. The rate of abrasion with 13.56 MHz-waves was faster than wiht 20 kHz-waves. Abrasion rate was greater when the discharge current was increased, and the rate was in the order of oxygen > air > argon plasma. There appeared the optimum abrasion depending on gas pressure. When cotton fiber was modified by low temperature plasma treatment, flexual rigidity decreased and suppleness increased. Water absorption increased, as did also crease resistance, drying rate and degree of crystallinity. Values for equilibrium moisture regain, dyeability of reactive dye and direct dye decreased. Soil release increased after air and oxygen plasma treatment. Tear strength retention of treated cotton broad was 73.8% in warp and 77.0% in fill.View full abstractDownload PDF (750K) -
Sachiko Sukigara, Tatsuya Ishibashi1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 349-356
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe surface roughness of polyester crepe fabrics in both the grey and finished states was evaluated subjectively and objectively. Twenty female subjects assessed the surface of fabrics for their degree of “knobbiness”, “roughness” and “softness”. The subjects evaluated the finished fabrics as being more “knobby” and “rough” than the grey fabrics. Measurements were made of the pressure between the fabric surface and the subject's hand during these assessments. An increase in pressure tends to produce stronger “knobbiness” and “roughness” evaluations. The coefficients of friction were measured between the skin and the fabrics under a pressure of 490 Pa. A power spectrum was obtained from coefficients of friction by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and the results described the stick-slip mechanism through which friction occurred between the assessor's skin and the fabric. This stick-slip phenomenon was shown to influence the assessment of the degree of “knobbiness”.View full abstractDownload PDF (572K) -
Nobuaki Kuwabara, Noriko Obata1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 357-363
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo examine the transmission of ultraviolet (UV) ray through various fabrics and to clarify its mechanism, the UV transmission and reflection spectra were measured for various kinds of fabrics and the results were compared with those for the films composed of the same polymers. The UV transmittance for films followed the Lambert-Beer law while that for fabrics followed the Kubelka theory, suggesting that the UV transmission through fabrics was influenced not only by absorption but also by scattering. Using the Kubelka theory, the absorption and scattering coefficients of fabrics could be determined separately. It was found that the UV transmission of fabrics largely depended on the absorption of component fibers, although the contribution of scattering were not negligible. A modified Kubelka theory was proposed which was useful in facile determination of the scattering and absorption coefficients.View full abstractDownload PDF (458K) -
Katumitu Hayakawa, Toshikazu Misao, Yoshihiro Akatsuka1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 364-371
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA traditional dyeing method by plant extracts including treatment with mud adds some excellent properties but poor coloring of textile fabrics. The zeolite was, therefore, tested as a substitute of mud to get natural coloring. The silk yarn dyed in a hot bath of plant extracts was gently crumpled up in zeolite suspension and the effect of the zeolite treatment on weight increment, rubbing fastness, color properties such as L_??_ a_??_ b_??_ and color fastness to light was compared with a traditional dyeing by the plant extracts. The plants used were “Sumomo” fruits (Prunus salicina Lindley) and tree trunks of “Mokkoku” (Ternstroemia gymnanthera (Wright et Arn.) Beddome), “Yamamomo” (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.), “Iju” (Schima wallichii (DC.) Korthals), “Itajii” (Castanopsis sieboldii Subsp. lutchuensis (Koidz.) H. Ohba), and “Sharinbai” (Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindle. ex Ker var. umbellata (Thunb. ex Murry) Ohashi). A silane coupling agent was necessary for the tight adsorption of zeolite to silk fiber and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was the most effective. The best results of the fastness of dyeing were obtained by the following process of dyeing: dyeing of silk in a hot bath of extracts followed by mordanting with various metal salts and zeolite treatment with a silane coupling agent, and the second dyeing followed by mordanting and finishing with a silicone fiber treatment agent such as softener. About 10% of weight increment was obtained by the zeolite treatment, which was larger than regular traditional dyeing (2%) without mud treatment, but less than that with mud treatment (35% by repeated mud treatment in “Doro Ohshima tsumugi”). The rubbing fastness was improved by using the fiber finishing agent containing silicone compounds. A slightly deep color was obtained by the zeolite treatment. The rubbing fastness and the color fastness to light were in a similar grade to a regular traditional dyeing by plant extracts.View full abstractDownload PDF (1325K) -
Katumitu Hayakawa, Yoshihiro Akatsuka, Toshikazu Misao, Takayoshi Shin ...1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 372-379
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of zeolite treatment on silk dyeing by synthesized dyes was investigated and the properties of the dyeings were compared to that of a traditional silk dyeing with mud treatment. A silk hank was gently crumpled up in zeolite suspension and the effect of the zeolite treatment on weight increment, rubbing fastness, color properties such as L * a * b * and on the color fastness to light was investigated. The dyes used were direct, acid and metallized dyes of various colors. A silane coupling agent, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, was necessary for the tight adsorption of zeolite to silk fiber. The best result in color fastness and weight increment was obtained by following procedure: dyeing in a hot bath followed by zeolite treatment in an acidic suspension of 1.0% zeolite including 0.5% silane coupling agent and the second zeolite treatment in an alkaline suspension, and finally finishing with a fiber treatment agent such as softener. About 10% of weight increment was obtained. The rubbing fastness was improved by finishing with an agent containing silicone compounds. The rubbing fastness and the color fastness to light were practical grade except for dyeing by acid red 97. Change in L * a * b * indicated slight color change by the zeolite treatment. The mechanical properties of the silk yarn treated by zeolite and the woven cloth were also measured and compared to those treated by mud. The zeolite treatment increased the fluff index between 0.3 and 0.5mm, but the total fluff index did not change. The zeolite treatment made the silk cloth close to the cloth woven with the silk yarn treated in mud.View full abstractDownload PDF (1107K) -
Masako Maejima, Kinzo Ishikawa1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 380-388
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of the conventional finishing treatments on the structure of woolen fabrics were investigated by the measurement of the change in the pore size distribution in the fabrics. The pore size distribution was estimated by a liquid absorption method using n-dodecane combined with a centrifugal liquid removal technique, which could cover a wide range of pore radius from 0.18 to 1722μm. By this procedure the changing behavior of the pore size distribution of sample fabrics on each step of finishing, such as scouring, fulling, raising, fluff shearing and decatizing, was clarified.View full abstractDownload PDF (675K) -
Takashi Itoh, Hajime Tsuchiya, Takashi Konishi1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 389-391
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA stretching device, which could quench a deformed sample, was constructed in order to observe the morphological structure of native biological tissues under tension with a transmission electron microscope by utilizing the freeze-fracture and -etching process. As an application, morphological change in collagen fibrils of rat tail tendon (RTT) was examined. In the undrawn sample, the band pattern was clearly observed in both cases of freeze-fractured and chemically fixed ones. When RTT was drawn by 6%, the band pattern almost disappeared but fine striations 10 to 20 nm thick were observed along the fibril axis by freeze-etching method, while the band pattern still appeared without the striations in the case of the fixation method. Such results suggested that freeze-fracture of a drawn sample could give new informations for the native structures of biological tissues under tension, and proved the availability of this apparatus.View full abstractDownload PDF (1255K) -
MITSUO NAGAMACHI1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages P468-P472
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1001K) -
HIROSHI NAKANO1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages P473-P478
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1140K) -
YOSHIKAZU YAMASAKI1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages P479-P483
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2135K) -
MOTOHIRO NISHIMURA1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages P484-P488
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1819K) -
MUNEHIDE YAMAGUCHI1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages P489-P491
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (739K) -
KAZUNORI ORII1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages P492-P495
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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SHIGETSUGU NANTO1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages P496-P500
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
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HISAE SASAKI1994 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages P501-P502
Published: August 10, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1238K)
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