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Volume 51, Issue 7
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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H. Kimura, T. Itoh, Y. Matsui, H. Tuchiya, T. Konishi1995 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages 296-302
Published: July 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSynthesis of poly (p-aminohippuric acid) (PPAHA) was carried out using two different polymerization techniques: thin-film melt-polymerization and single-crystal thermal-polycondensation. Crystal structure and morphology of PPAHA were examined by means of the electron microscopy. Lamellar crystals were observed on the thin-film melt-polymerized specimen. The electron diffraction pattern from the lamellar crystal suggested the pseudohexagonal lattice structure. Comparing the result with the packing of chains in the unit cell of poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) crystal, it was concluded that the unit cell of PPAHA was orthorhombic (a=0.48nm, b=0.84nm and c(chain axis)=1.9nm), the space group of which was reasonably assumed to be P212121, and that the diffraction pattern was superimposition of the reflections from the twins with three different orientations (± 60° and ± 120°).
In the case of the thermally polymerized material from the p-aminohippuric acid single crystal, numerous fibrils (100-200nm in diameter and 50-200μm in length) appeared over the surface of the specimen after annealing longer than 1000h, in which the molecular chains were considered to be normal to the basal plane, since the diffraction pattern always corresponded to the projection of the a *-b* plane in the reciprocal lattice of PPAHA crystal.View full abstractDownload PDF (2516K) -
Tetsuya Takahashi, Atsuo Konda, Yoshio Shimizu1995 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages 303-312
Published: July 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe changes of X-ray diffraction patterns with annealing were investigated for polypropylene/polyamide 6 (hereafter “PP/PA6”) blend fibers. An annealing under a free end at the melting point of PP or higher, induced the extreme reduction of the c-axis orientation of PP crystal, and the development of anisotropic a*-axis orientation. In the samples annealed under a constant length or the samples with low heat shrinkage, the c-axis orientation of PP crystal remained unchanged and the a*-axis orientation was developed. X-ray diffraction patterns of the blend fiber during heating revealed that the diffraction peak of PP crystal completely disappeared around 170°C or higher, although the blend fiber annealed at a constant length for two hours at 200°C, showed a clear c-axis orientation of PP crystal.
It is inferred that the PP crystals melt during annealing of the blend fiber at the melting point of PP or higher. Since the oriented PA6 phases keep their macroscopic shape during annealing, molecular chains of PP can't form a random coil but partly keep the original orientation which might enhance an anisotropic c-axis orientation.View full abstractDownload PDF (3707K) -
Kiyohiro Inoue, Masao Sumita, Sachiyo Hara, Seigo O-oya, Chiyoko Hisad ...1995 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages 313-322
Published: July 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe structure of woven and knitted fabrics was analyzed using string-systems; consequently, plane-filling textile goods are proved to be compatible with the Peano curve. The string-systems were devised for a fixed breadth string line model to depict figures computationally by rotational displacement, parallel displacement and scaling based on a basic unit. A novel alternative (substitutive) dimension using the fixed breadth string model was proposed to determine the dimensions of real textile goods. This alternative dimension was termed a practical dimension, which takes a non-integral dimension. The shapes and patterns of textile goods correspond to the self-similar fractal structure, whereas the textile fibers have flexibility at their shape. In the case of the application of fractal dimension to the textile goods, a coefficient was attributed to the soft and limp properties of textile fibers, i.e., a fiber coefficient must be multiplied by the dimension. The coefficient ranges from zero to unity in proportion to the increase of fiber stiffness. A smoothing procedure which utilized two types of approximate curves, namely, the spline function and the model string rotation, was applied to the textile goods models. Furthermore, the string model of free rotation method could explain fiber shape deformation by flexibility.View full abstractDownload PDF (1524K) -
K. Tajima, H. Ito, M. Fujiwara, M. Takai, J. Hayashi1995 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages 323-332
Published: July 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have succeeded in enhancing the bacterial cellulose (BC) productivity using sucrose as a carbon source by the co-cultivation of two different types of Acetobacter species, BC-producing Acetobacter xylinum NCI 1051 and ATCC 10245, which utilize glucose as a carbon source, and branched polysaccharide (BP)-producing Acetobacter aceti subsp. xylinum NCI 1005, which utilizes sucrose as a carbon source. BP-BC composite yields for given mixing ratios of these two species of bacteria were greater than that of control. The contents of BP in the BP-BC composites were 5-30wt%. It was suggested that the BC productivity of Acetobacter xylinum NCI 1051 and ATCC 10245 using sucrose as the carbon source was enhanced by co-cultivation from the increase in the BC production amount. This seems to be due to the formation of glucose and fructose through the hydrolysis of sucrose by sucrase secreted from Acetobacter aceti subsp. xylinum NCI 1005.View full abstractDownload PDF (1043K) -
Yoshitomi Morikawa1995 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages 333-337
Published: July 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA technique is proposed to estimate the local oscillation characteristics of a fabric strip that hangs down and freely swings with damping. An end of a cotton fabric strip was fixed to a holding rod rotatable around the axis, hung down, and oscillated in the air. The coordinates of a few marked points on the strip under free damped oscillation were simultaneously measured and recorded by a CCD camera system. The equation of motion of the strip was derived by extending that of a rigid body with considering the deformability of soft materials, based on which the damping coefficient and characteristic frequency at each measuring point were estimated from the damped oscillation curve. The characteristic frequency was uniform everywhere within experimental errors, while the damping coefficient differed depending on the measuring points. These characteristic values were also compared with those of the simple pendulum and physical one. This method was verified to be applicable to measuring and analyzing the local oscillation behavior of soft materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (372K) -
Chooja Jung, Nobuko Naruse1995 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages 338-344
Published: July 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effectiveness of two conventional techniques to evaluate the surface qualities of silk fabrics, the ranking method and the paired-comparison method, was studied. The mutual correlation and the effects of the differences in color and weave on the accuracy of the evaluation were analyzed. Eight types of silk fabrics were compared; each type had the same material, weave density, and count of the weaving yarns, but each had a different weave. They were visually evaluated as to luster, quality of texture, and attractiveness for two cases: in one, the sample were white, and in the other, they were dyed black. The obtained data showed that the correlation between the two techniques was high. For both sample colors, the paired-comparison method was somewhat superior to the other in the accuracy of determination. For some of the items compared (luster and attractiveness), evaluation was appreciably affected by color, but for others (surface roughness and thickness), this was not so.View full abstractDownload PDF (598K) -
Yukie Karube, Toshiro Iijima1995 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages 345-350
Published: July 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe interaction between acid azo dyes and surfactants in aqueous solution was investigated by means of the visible absorption spectroscopy. The surfactants used were anionic and cationic. Both the dyes and surfactants had alkyl groups of different chain length. The dye having dodecyl group interacted with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate being included into the surfactant micelle. All the dyes used interacted with cationic surfactants through electrostatic force. Dodecyl- and cetylpyridinium chloride (DPC, CPC) interacted with dyes to form a complex of 2:1 molar ratio, and the complex flocculated at an equivalent ionic concentration. Further increase of the surfactant concentration caused the dissolution of the preciptates. In the case of the butylpyridinium chloride, the interaction occurred at a concentration about 100 times higher than that of dodecyl- and cetylpyridinium chloride and the flocculation did not occur. The contribution of the hydrophobic and steric effects to the interaction was suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (399K) -
EITARO MASUYAMA1995 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages P272-P276
Published: July 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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MASAKAZU HOSHINO1995 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages P277-P281
Published: July 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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YUTAKA NAGANO1995 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages P282-P286
Published: July 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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[in Japanese]1995 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages P287-P289
Published: July 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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[in Japanese]1995 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages P290-P293
Published: July 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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TETSUYA KATO, UZITERU NIWA1995 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages P294-P297
Published: July 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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YUKIKAZU TSUJI1995 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages P298-P303
Published: July 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1995 Volume 51 Issue 7 Pages P304-P306
Published: July 10, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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