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Volume 52, Issue 11
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Tetsuya Takahashi, Atsuo Konda, Yoshio Shimizu1996 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 573-581
Published: November 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe viscosity of polypropylene/polyamide 6 (hereafter “PP/PA6”) blends was studied. As a result, the viscosity of blend C-2 (PA6 content: 60%) without a compatibilizer was lower than that of the pure PP or PA6 in the low shear rate range. It seems that the behaviors of the viscosity of blend without a compatibilizer had some relation to the slip between the PP and PA6 phases. The slip on the interface reduces the viscosities. The other standpoint, the larger shear deformation took place in the PP phase than the PA6 phase with reducing the viscosity. In other words, it was shown that the addition of even a small amount of PP, a low viscosity component, to the PA6 exerted a great influence over the viscosity.
On the other hand, the viscosities of B-2 (PA6 content: 60%) with the compatibilizer lay between the viscosities of pure PP and PA6 in the wide shear rate range. Probably, the cause resided in that for the blend with the compatibilizer, two phases were difficult to slip, and were deformed on the same level.View full abstractDownload PDF (587K) -
Mitsuhiro Fukuda, Hiromichi Kawai1996 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 582-590
Published: November 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWide-angle X-ray diffraction studies were performed for regular Kevlar under dried and wet conditions, The ratio of the diffracted intensity from the 110 crystal plane to that from the 200 crystal plane was reversibly changed from 0.92 at dryness to 0.74 at wetness. The 001 diffraction was detectable both in the dried and wet specimens. The longitudinal size of the paracrystallite, D001, also reversibly changed to about 1.3 times larger at dryness than at wetness, but the lattice distortion factor, g_??_. evaluated by Hosemann's paracrystalline equation was kept nearly constant. The difference in the second order moments of the uniaxial orientation was only slight between the dried and wet specimens, but more complete orientation was detected in the dried specimen. These results suggested that the sorbed water penetrated the interstitial noncrystalline regions between the crystallites and may interfere with the hydrogen bonds of the outermost molecular chains which resulted in the distortion of the molecular packing both in the hydrogen bond direction and in the fiber axis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1100K) -
Takashi Itoh, Yutaka Takahashi, Hajime Tsuchiya, Masato Hashimoto, Tak ...1996 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 591-597
Published: November 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe conformation, molecular association and staggering of the tropocollagen molecules in rat tail tendon (RTT) collagen fibril were analyzed using the small-angle X-ray-diffraction (SAXD) data. The energy calculation for the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions was carried out on the basis of the pseudohex-agonal packing model of tropocollagens. The SAXD analysis suggested that (a) the adjacent tropocollagen molecules stagger by 234 (or 234×n, n: integer) amino acid residue length, (b) three α chains in a tropocollagen are associated such as α1-α1-α2, (c) all of telopeptide chains in α1 chains shrink, while (d) both of telopeptide regions in α2 chain fold back. The results (b), (c) and (d) were supported by the energetic viewpoint. Although the energy calculation could not determine the staggering length definitely, the 234 staggering was regarded to be most plausible, considering the high sensitivity of the SAXD method to the staggering of the chains. The shrinkage of α1 telopeptide chains and folding back of the α2 telopeptide regions were attributed to the electrostatic interaction between the telopeptides and the surrounding tropocollagen molecules.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
Koji Nakane, Atsushi Takahashi, Katsumi Sakashita, Fumio Suzuki1996 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 598-604
Published: November 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe composites of silica and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by sol-gel process. The composites containing more than 50wt% of PVA could be drawn in water at 50°C. The maximum draw ratio of the composites containing 50 and 80wt% of PVA were about 2.5 and 5.5, respectively. The porous silica gels were obtained by calcination of these composites at 600°C for 6 h. The obtained silica gels showed large specific surface area (700 to 950m2/g) and had micropores and mesopores of diameters of less than 10nm. The average pore size and the pore volume could be changed by drawing the composites before calcination.View full abstractDownload PDF (390K) -
Shigeru Inui1996 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 605-611
Published: November 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe constructed a combined system of genetic algorithm and apparel computer aided design for the purpose of searching an apparel design which user of the system prefers. The search process of the system is the man-machine interaction cycles in which the user evaluates examples displayed on the monitor of the computer. In this study, the system was applied to sleeves as an example. All the targets of genetic algorithm had to be encoded, and the patterns of sleeves were utilized for encoding to strings of bit sequence. The codes of sleeves consist of dimensions of sleeves and parameters for calculation. After the process of genetic algorithm, the codes were decoded to patterns of sleeves, and the shapes of the sleeves were calculated and displayed from the patterns by the apparel computer aided system. Then, the user can evaluate the sleeves. The experimental searches were executed, and some shapes which were different from initial examples at the start time of the system were obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (1854K) -
Hiroshi Urakawa, Mitsuhiro Oike, Mitsuo Shimode, Mitsuru Mimura, Kanji ...1996 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 612-617
Published: November 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe electromagnetic scattering method is the best suited to evaluate the mass, size and shape of the solute molecules in solution without applying the external stimuli, provided that the scattered intensity is measured in an absolute scale. Here the degree of aggregation was evaluated for 4 acid dyestuffs (Orange II, Rocceline, Azorubin and New Coccine) by measuring the absolute intensity of small-angle X-ray scattered from their aqueous solutions. The degree of aggregation was found to increase with increasing the salt (KCI) concentration. The radius of gyration determined from small-angle X-ray scattering profile was compared with that calculated from the molecular model of dimeric dyestuffs in order to estimate the intermolecular distance between two adjacent dyestuffs in the aggregates.View full abstractDownload PDF (380K) -
J. Radhakrishnan, Takeshi Kikutani, Norimasa Okui1996 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 618-622
Published: November 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe high-speed spinning of sheath/core type bicomponent fibers consisting of high molecular weight poly(ethylene terephthalate) (HMPET) and low molecular weight poly(ethylene terephthalate) (LMPET) was performed and the thinning behavior of the spinline was investigated. At lower speeds, the on-line measurement of the spinline diameter revealed that the diameter profile of the bicomponent spinning lies in between those of the HMPET and LMPET single component spinnings. At higher speeds, a neck-like doformation was also found to occur in the bicomponent spinnings. The position of the neck-like deformation was closer to the spinneret in comparison with both the single component spinnings. Although the necklike deformation occurred in the bicomponent spinning, the LMPET component in the bicomponent fiber showed low oriented and low crystalline structure.View full abstractDownload PDF (358K) -
Hiroshi Mitomo, Tetsuya Sasaoka, Fumio Yoshii, Keizo Makuuchi, Terumi ...1996 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 623-626
Published: November 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA typical hydrophilic monomer, acrylic acid (AAc), was graft polymerized onto poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and its copolymer poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) |P (HB-HV)| by 60Co-γ-rays preirradiation technique. Degree of grafting (Xg) of PHB was higher than that of the copolymer of 24 mol% HV content (24M sample). The grafting was mainly introduced into the amorphous regions of the whole samples, while the crystalline regions remained almost unchanged. The Xg of the grafted sample estimated by the thermogravimetry was very close to that estimated from weight increase. Biodegradability steeply increased by introduction of small amount of grafted AAc because of the improvement of wettability between the polymer and an enzyme solution, then decreased as Xg increased much more.View full abstractDownload PDF (264K) -
1996 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages 629
Published: 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (293K) -
YASUHIDE YAMADA1996 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages P436-P440
Published: November 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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Genetically Engineered Syntheses of New PolymerYASUMASA FUKUSHIMA, HIROSHI NAKAJIMA1996 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages P441-P445
Published: November 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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KEIZO HAYASHIYA, SEIGO OYA1996 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages P446-P451
Published: November 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1996 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages P452-P455
Published: November 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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DAISAKU MURAYAMA1996 Volume 52 Issue 11 Pages P461-P465
Published: November 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (900K)
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