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Volume 52, Issue 6
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Nobuo Ogata, Shigenori Kumagai, Teruaki Yanagawa, Takashi Ogihara, Tos ...1996 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 277-283
Published: June 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBiodegradable aliphatic polyester Bionolle (BN) and cellulose triacetate were cast-blended at 50°C by using chloroform solvent. Homogeneous blend films were obtained at various blend ratios. The structure of the blends was investigated using wide angle X-ray scattering method and differential scarming calorimetry. It was found that the weight percentage of BN in the blend (φ BN) affected the structure of the blends. BN molecules were not crystallized in the blends with φ BN_??_40%. On the other hand, BN molecules were crystallized in the blend with φ BN>40%. Transparent films were obtained in the case of CTA-rich blends. The tensile mechanical properties of the blends were markedly influenced by the difference of the structure of blends.View full abstractDownload PDF (1057K) -
Hanae Yamazaki, Haruki Imaoka1996 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 284-292
Published: June 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of wind blowing was investigated as an essential factor that should be taken into account when the motion and deformation of textile fabrics in the air are predicted by numerical simulation. A few alternative analytical models to express how the resistance of the air exerted on rectangular strips of cloth depends on the relative velocity of fluid were examined and compared with experimental observations. The obtained results suggested that the second order model, in which the air resistance depends on a linear combination of the. velocity and the square of it, gave a better approximation than the conventional model only with the first order term.View full abstractDownload PDF (577K) -
Mitsuo Shimode, Hiroshi Urakawa, Shigenobu Yamanaka, Hiroshi Hoshino, ...1996 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 293-300
Published: June 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aggregation of two dyes (1) copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid (CuPc) and (2) C. I. Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) was observed in aqueous solution by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Two CuPc molecules or six RB19 molecules were found to form the aggregate of a disk shape or an ellipsoidal shape in aqueous solution without salt, respectively. By adding salt, they aggregate further into an inclined cylinder composed of five CuPc molecules or an ellipsoid composed of 18 RB19 molecules. The detail of molecular arrangements in the aggregates was considered by comparing the scattering profiles calculated from the molecular models with the observed SAXS profiles.View full abstractDownload PDF (505K) -
Mitsuo Shimode, Mitsuru Mimura, Hiroshi Urakawa, Shigenobu Yamanaka, K ...1996 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 301-309
Published: June 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe small-angle X-ray scattering from dyestuff in aqueous solution reveals a peak around 0.1 Å-1 caused by the electrostatic interaction between the aggregated particles. By assuming that the scattering profile is composed of the product of the particle scattering from an isolated particle and the interference, the interaction between aggregated particles was evaluated in terms of the hybrid of a Gaussian-type and stretched exponential function, The two dyestuffs chosen to demonstrate the present method, were the reactive dye C.I. Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) and the acid dye copper phthalocyanine tetra-sulfonic acid tetra-sodium salt (CuPc); these dyes have the dimensions of a flat molecule and a symmetrical disk, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (575K) -
Chihiro Yamane, Masatosi Saito, Kunihiko Okajima1996 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 310-317
Published: June 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cellulose aqueous alkali solution dope with sufficient solubility and stability for spinning was successfully prepared. The solubility of exploded pulp was remarkably increased by using two steps dissolution method; preparing the cellulose slurry in aqueous 2-5wt% NaOH solution, followed by an addition of aqueous NaOH solution to let the NaOH content against the solvent to be 7-9wt%. A kinetic analysis on dissolution process indicated that diffusion of the caustic soda into the cellulose fibril defines the rate of dissolution at early stage. The progressive accumulation of the cellulose gel formed near the surface prevents the caustic soda from further diffusion, resulting in termination of the dissolution. Therefore, fine pulverization of cellulose and strong agitation during the dissolution, which promotes removal of the swollen gel from the surface, are found to be very effective for the increase in the solubility of cellulose. Application of the wet pulverization and the two steps dissolution methods made it possible to prepare the dope with dissolved cellulose content up to 99.9% for the pulp with degree of polymerization of ca. 300. When the concentration of NaOH is 7.6wt%, the dope does not occur gelation and was stable at least for one month, contrary to the case of viscose dope which turns to gel in about one week.View full abstractDownload PDF (1153K) -
Chihiro Yamane, Masatosi Saito, Kunihiko Okajima1996 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 318-324
Published: June 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to produce a new type of cellulosic filament using caustic soda solution as solvent, the dissolved pulp available for the spinning was specified in view of solubility. Steam exploded six kinds of sulfite and two kinds of kraft pulps with viscosity-average degree of polymerization DPv lower than 600 were dissolved into the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution by the two step method reported in previous paper (C. Yamane et al. this journal Vol. page). The solubility of these pulps was investigated measuring volume (mL) of indissoluble component (Rc) in the solution. The sulfite pulp prepared from broadleaf as well as coniferous trees showed far lower Rc, value than that of the kraft pulp. This relatively high solubility of the sulfite pulp was plausibly explained in terms of its high degree of breakdown of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which is estimated by CP/MAS13C-NMR, in the cellulose solid. Rc of the sulfite pulp into aqueous 7.6wt% NaOH solution is fairly well described as a function of DPv and cellulose content C in range of DPv=215-320 and C=3-7wt% as follows: Rc=6.82×10-26×DPv8.9×C5.7 The sulfite pulp with DPv ranging from 200 to 320 is sufficiently useful to the industrial spinning from the point of view of solubility and degree of polymerization.View full abstractDownload PDF (504K) -
Chika Atsuda, Akio Fukumashi, Mitsuhiro Fukuda1996 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 325-330
Published: June 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe moisture sorption properties were studied for the hair bleached with hydrogen peroxide (BL hair) and BL hair treated with dimethyldistearylammoonium chloride as a cationic surfactant (CS hair). The moisture regain of BL hair was almost equal to that of untreated hair except at higher humidities where moisture regain was higher. The moisture regain of CS hair was much lower than that of untreated and BL hairs over the entire range of _??_dity. Based on the FT-IR measurement almost all disulfide bonds were changed to sulfonic acid groups in BL hair suggesting that sulfonic acid groups had little effect on the moisture sorption. It was postulated that in BL hair. the disa_??_fide bond cleavage made molecular networks looser and then the cationic surfactant penetrated the spaces between the molecular chains and interacted with hydrophilic amino acid residues resulting in the preven_??_ of water molecules to access such residues.View full abstractDownload PDF (1020K) -
Kazuyoshi Seguchi, Michi Iwata, Satoko Tanaka1996 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 331-334
Published: June 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDecolorization of two azo dyes (C. I. Acid Orange 7_??_1a_??_ and C. I. Acid Orange 20_??_2a_??_ by sodium _??_ solution was pursued photometrically at 30°C. The initial decolorization products showing absorption maxima at 413nm for la and 374nm for 2a were isolated as tetrabutylammonium ion-complexes soluble in organic _??_. The measurements of the 1H-NMR and the two-dimensional COSY spectra revealed that the products were not krdrazabenzene derivatives which had been suggested so far, but Michael adducts of sodium sulfite to _??_-form of the dyes. The IR data also supported the structures.View full abstractDownload PDF (226K) -
Development of Polylactic Acid by the Direct Condensation PolymerizationMASANOBU AJIOKA1996 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages P232-P236
Published: June 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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YOSHIKUNI YAKABE1996 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages P237-P241
Published: June 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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MATSUTARO YOSHIOKA1996 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages P242-P246
Published: June 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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TAKASHI SHIOTANI1996 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages P247-P252
Published: June 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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WAICHIRO TSUJI1996 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages P253-P257
Published: June 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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NORIO YOSHIDA1996 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages P258-P260
Published: June 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
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KAZUTA MITSUISHI1996 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages P261-P264
Published: June 10, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (798K)
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