Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 54, Issue 1
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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  • Volatile Products Formed by Thermal Decomposition of Cotton Cellulose Graft-copolymerized with Vinyl Phosphonate Oligomers and/or N-Methylolacrylamide
    Fumi Masuko, Chizu Mitani, Tsuyoshi Konomi, Munenori Sakamoto
    1998 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
    Published: January 10, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.54.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Cotton cellulose samples graft-copolymerized with vinyl phosphonate oligomers (FYR) and/or N-methylolacrylamide (NMA) were subjected to pyrolysis gas chromatography and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with a Curie point pyrolyzer at 590°C for 4 seconds for pyrolysis and with a packed column of Porapak Q for chromatographic separation. Thirty eight volatile pyrolysis products were identified which included previously unreported butadiene and ethylene glycol as pyrolysis products of cellulose. Characteristic pyrolysis products from all the phosphorus-containing samples include 3-penten-1-yne and those from all the nitrogen-containing samples were hydrogen cyanide, acetonitrile, and acrylonitrile. Other products formed from the cellulose samples treated only with NMA included acrylamide, propionamide, and 3-methylsuccinimide. The succinimide was found only from the samples with nitrogen contents higher than 1.0wt/wt%.
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  • Relationship Between Tinctorial Depth and Fiber Fineness in Dyed Polyester Fabrics
    Yoko Yamaguchi, Yukio Murata, Masuzo Nagayama
    1998 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 10-17
    Published: January 10, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.54.10
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    The influence of fiber fineness and fabric structure on the tinctorial depth of dyed polyester fabrics was investigated. Plain weave and stitch fabrics composed of polyester filament yarns with different single-fiber finenesses were prepared. The single filaments of the yarn used had finenesses of 0.4, 0.7, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 5.0 denier. The fabrics were dyed with disperse dyes (C. I. Disperse Yellow 5, Red 72 and Blue 148) in various tinctorial depths. The relationship between dye uptake on fabrics (Cf) and K/S value in the Kubelka-Munk function was examined at various wavelengths. Plots of Cf vs. (K/S)d-(K/S)o give a straight line at a particular wavelength for each fabric dyed with the same dye, suffixes d and o refer to dyed and undyed fabrics, respectively. In the K/S region of 10 or less, where Kubelka-Munk function could be applied, the change in the tinctorial depth with Cf and fineness of fiber (D) is expressed by the following equation.
    This equation shows that a smaller denier leads to lower values for (K/S)d-(K/S)o, which in turn proves that the denier of a single fiber is a significant factor in making the tinctorial depth appear lighter. It was clarified that each fabric has a unique effective surface area and a light-scattering coefficient determined by the fineness of the single fibers and the weaving structure. It was confirmed that the light-scattering coefficient of an undyed fabric could be used to estimate the effect of the fiber substrate on the tinctorial depth.
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  • Purification and Properties of Two Different Azoreductases from a Yeast Candida curvata AN723
    Toshitaka Kakuta, Fukashi Aoki, Toshiki Okada, Hitoshi Shindo, Kiyoshi ...
    1998 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 18-25
    Published: January 10, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.54.18
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    Two azoreductases from Candida curvata AN723 have been purified and characterized. The yeast cells cultured in a GYP medium were disruped with French press. From the acetone fraction of the cell free extract, two different azoreductases (NADPH-dependent azoreductase 1 and NADH-dependent azoreductasese 2) were separated by DEAE-Toyopearl 650M chromatography followed by Toyopearl HW50F chromatography. Azoreductase 1 was further purified by ion exchange chromatography using TSK gel DEAE 5PW. Azoreductase 2 was further purified by affinity chromatography using AF-Blue Toyopearl 650 and chromatofocusing using Toyopearl HW50F and Rotofor system. Each final preparation was homogenous on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. Azoreductase 1 and 2 were purified 295- and 240-fold, respectively. The molecular mass of azoreductase 1 and 2 were calculated to be about 47, 000 daltons and 56, 000 daltons, respectively. The isoelectric points of azoreductase 1 and 2 were 4.5 and 4.9, respectively. Azoreductase 1 and 2 had the same optimum pH 5.5-6.0, while they were stable between pH 4.0 and 6.5, and between pH 5.0 and 6.0, respectively. The optimum temperature of azoreductase 1 was 50°C, and that of azoreductase 2 was 40°C, while the former was stable below 75°C, and the latter below 50°C. Azoreductase 1 and 2 had low substrate specificity. Spectrum of these two purified enzymes showed no characteristic absorption band of flavine in the visible range of wavelengths.
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  • Water Repellent Dyeing of Nylon with Acid Dyes Containing Fluoroalkyls
    Tokuzo Kawase, Kazuyo Nakano, Motoi Minagawa, Hideo Sawada, Norio Yosh ...
    1998 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 26-31
    Published: January 10, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.54.26
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    The effect of dyeing of nylon with novel acid dyes having fluoroalkyl groups (Rf) on water repellency was investigated. At the same dye exhaustion, the contact angle of water increased in the order of Rf=CF3<C3F7<<C8F17≈C6F13. In the latter two cases, the nylon surface was apparently changed to water repellent. Based on the ESCA measurements, the peak area ratio of F1s to N1s was taken as a new measure of fluorine concentration at the surface. Those F1s/N1s peak ratios were highly correlated to the contact angles of water. The difference that was observed depending on Rf could be interpreted in terms of the diffusion of dyes into the bulk.
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  • Mechanical Analysis of Garabo and Related Experiments
    Gengsheng Huang, Masaru Nakazawa, Takashi Kawamura
    1998 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 32-39
    Published: January 10, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.54.32
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    In Gara-bo spinning, relations among spinning conditions and structural parameters of yarn are very complicated and have not been formulated. when the spinning is in a steady state, some formulae were derived about a relation among the yarn thickness D, the twist rate λ, the established yarn tension T and the fiber density ρp. Namely.
    where, Ctλ, Ctd and Cdλ are coefficients without relation to T and ρp.
    Moreover, based upon the essential principle of Gara-bo, a device was developed for the precise measurement by using electronic technology. Through some experiments done with the device, it is ascertained that Ctλ, Ctd and Cdλ can be almost considered as a constant and the theoretical formulae can be used with sufficient suitability.Therefore, when the yarn thickness deviated from the hoped value in spinning process, the compensation quantity of the established tension, which modifies the deviation, can be decided by the formulae.
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  • Handle Characteristics of “Tatami” Surface Matting Made of Polyacrylonitrile Fiber
    Mitsuo Matsudaira, Hirotaka Shiota
    1998 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 40-45
    Published: January 10, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.54.40
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    Handle characteristics of “Tatami” surface matting made of polyacrylonitrile (=PAN) fiber were investigated by panels of women students using paired comparison and ranking methods. Basic thermal properties such as thermal insulation value, thermal conductivity, q-max and mechanical properties such as compressional and surface properties for the “Tatami” surface were measured precisely comparing with natural rush and polypropylene(=PP) “Tatami” surface. “Tatami” surface matting made of PAN showed higher thermal insulation value than those made of rush and PP. Apparent thermal conductivity and q-max of PAN showed smaller values than rush and PP. PAN showed softness in compression, however, recovered not enough. Good handle for “Tatami” surface was achieved by smooth and dry feeling. Handle characteristics of PAN “Tatami” surface is good as natural rush and may be used for winter season. “Tatami” surface is a good application of PAN fiber produced by successive polymerization and direct spinning method.
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  • The Effects of Filler Contents and Beating on Porous Structure and Mechanical Strength of High Filler-Containing Papers
    Noriyoshi Kinoshita, Hiroyuki Noda, Yukie Toyotake, Hideo Katsuzawa
    1998 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 46-53
    Published: January 10, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.54.46
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    High filler-containing papers were prepared by incorporating silica fillers into pulp beaten in different degrees. Filler particles used in this experiment were PW-5 and PW-20, average diameter of which were 4.5μm and 15μm, respectively. The fibers were conifer pulp beaten at CSF600, CSF400 and CSF200, The pore size distribution of the sample sheets were measured by a mercury intrusion porosimeter. When no filler was incorporated, paper sheet made from CSF200, CSF400 and CSF600 fiber were rich in 1-5μm, 1-10μm and 1-20μm pores, respectively. In paper sheets made from CSF200 fiber and PW-5 filler, and, CSF600 fiber and PW-20 filler, total pore volume increased with the increase in the filler contents. On the other hand, in paper sheets made from CSF200 fiber and PW-20 filler, and, CSF600 fiber and PW-5 filler, the increase in the total pore volume reached a plateau with the increase in filler content. This difference between the curves was accounted for by the flexibility or the inflexibility of fibers. For the mechanical strength, the sheets with CSF200 fiber were stronger than those with CSF400 or CSF600 fiber. The strength decreased with an increase in the filler contents, especially for those with PW-5 filler.
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  • Biodegradation of Azo-Dye by a Yeast Candida curvata AN723
    Toshitaka Kakuta, Fukashi Aoki, Toshiki Okada, Hitoshi Shindo, Kiyoshi ...
    1998 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 54-57
    Published: January 10, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.54.54
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    For the purpose of processing waste water discharged from dye-synthesizing plants and dying plants, a yeast Candida curvata AN723 that is capable of decomposing azodye (chrysoidine) was evaluated. When cultivation conditions favorable for decoloration by Candida curvata were examined, it was observed that the strain could decompose and decolor chrysoidine at concentrations of 0.02%. By carrying out aeration of the reacting medium decolorization of up to 94% could be acheived by the 3rd day of cultivation. The decomposition products of chrysoidine, aniline and 1, 2, 4-triaminobenzene, were identifified by paper partition chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography from the decolored effluent. It could be clarified that this strain breaks down azo bonds resolting in considerable decoloration of the effluent.
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  • Changes in Water Absorbency in Hydrophilic •Hydrophobic Fabric Specimens Treated with Household Softening Agents
    Atsushi Suzuki, Saiji Higuchi
    1998 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 58-63
    Published: January 10, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.54.58
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    Changes were evaluated in water absorbency after softening treatment in hydrophilic and hydrophobic fabric specimens. Two household softening agents containing conventional type DSDMAC or improved water absorbency type DODMAC as the primary component were used. The Bilec method showed a marked decrease in water absorbency in cotton toweling cloth treated with DSDMAC but a considerable increase in polyester taffeta, treated with DODMAC. The present method using a heat flowmeter to measure absorption limited to water drops showed slight effects of softening on hydrophilic cotton specimens but improvement in water absorbency and rapid drying in hydrophobic polyester specimens that are structurally slightly water absorbent.
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  • Properties and End Uses of para-oriented Aramid Fibers
    TADAHIKO TAKATA
    1998 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages P3-P7
    Published: January 10, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.54.P3
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  • Ultra-High Strength Polyethylene Fiber: Properties and Applications
    YASUO OHTA
    1998 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages P8-P11
    Published: January 10, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.54.P8
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  • Properties and uses of Fully Aromatic Polyester Fiber “Vectran”
    HIROSHI SUGISHIMA
    1998 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages P12-P15
    Published: January 10, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.54.P12
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  • Physical Properties and Application of PBO Fiber “Zylon ®”
    TADAO KUROKI, KAZUYUKI YABUKI
    1998 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages P16-P20
    Published: January 10, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.54.P16
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  • A New Synthetic Fiber, KURALON K-II: Its Characteristics and New Applications
    EIICHI SASAKAWA
    1998 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages P21-P24
    Published: January 10, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.54.P21
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  • Textile Creation
    TAKAKO TOKUYAMA
    1998 Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages P30-P32
    Published: January 10, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.54.P30
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