Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 55, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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  • Structural Analysis of Polysaccharides in Chinese Lacquer by NMR Spectroscopy
    Rong Lu, Kazuyuki Hattori, Zuyong Xia, Takashi Yoshida, Jianhong Yang, ...
    1999 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 47-56
    Published: February 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.47
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Structural characterization of the Chinese lacquer polysaccharide of Rhus vernicifera was performed by means of high resolution NMR spectroscopy involving two dimensional NMR measurements such as field gradient DQF-COSY, TOCSY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments. Most of complicated proton and carbon absorptions were assigned. It was identified that the lacquer polysaccharide had a 1, 3-linked D-galactopyranosidic main chain with complex side chains consisting of D-galactose, 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid, D-glucuronic acid, L-arabinose, and L-rhamnose. The coupling constants (J1, 2) of anomeric protons in the DQF-COSY spectrum suggested that the galactopyranose residue in the main chain, and 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid and D-glucuronic acid in the terminal of the side-chains (J1, 2=7.2, 9.0 Hz and 8.1 Hz) had a β-linkage, and the terminal D-galactopyranose, L-arabinose and L-rhamnose (J1, 2 ≤ 3.6 Hz) in the side-chains had an α-linkage. The proportions of the component sugar units were calculated by the intensity of the anomeric carbon signals and were in good agreement with those by the methylation analysis reported previously. These results indicate that the NMR characterization can be widely used to investigate the relationship between the structure of lacquer polysaccharides and specific biological activities.
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  • Surface Characterization of Rosin Sizing Agent on Paper
    Surface Coverage Ratio of Rosin Sizing Agents on Pulp Fiber
    Yasushi Ozaki, Atsushi Sawatari
    1999 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 57-64
    Published: February 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.57
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    Distribution of rosin size in handsheets, which were prepared from hardwood bleached kraft pulp added with either soap-type rosin size or emulsion-type rosin size, was studied using the following two methods: (A) back-scattering mode of scanning electron microscopy for handsheets pre-treated with OS04 in the gas phase, and (B) ESCA angle-dependent technique. Rosin size components were observed as contrasted area from back-scattered electron images. No clear difference in areas due to rosin size components was observed between the handsheets dried at 20°C and those heated at 170°C for 20sec., when the handsheets from L•BKP added with soap-type rosin were used as samples. In the case of handsheets prepared from L•BKP with emulsion-type rosin size, the areas due to size components decreased by heat treatment, suggesting that partial melting and spreading of the size components occurred on pulp fiber surfaces. On the other hand, when the ESCA angle-dependent technique was used, areas due to rosin size components clearly increased by the heat treatment at 170°C for 20sec. for the handsheets prepared with emulsion rosin size at any addition levels examined. The maximum coverage ratio of emulsion-type rosin size was calculated as about 48% on paper surface. The difference in coverage ratios obtained between the two methods may be ascribed to that in the detectable depth.
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  • In-Plane Distribution of Paper Absorbency Measured by Liquid Absorption Profilometer
    Toshiharu Enomae, Hiroshi Kataoka, Fumihiko Onabe
    1999 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 65-72
    Published: February 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.65
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    A novel apparatus for quantitative evaluation of a liquid, particularly, water absorption profile of paper was developed. The underlying principle for this method is similar to that of Bristow's method. This system is characterized by an applicator head with a small opening scanning a paper surface and by the detection system using an optical sensor pursuing the meniscus of water filled in a glass capillary connected with the applicator head. The level of sheet formation evidently affected the variation of water absorption rate profile, but the effect was observed only when the contact time was sufficiently long. The coefficient of variation for the worse formation was 36 % higher than that for the better formation at a contact time of 3 s, while it was almost the same at a contact time of 0.2s. However, no distinct correlation such as accordance of peaks was found between the transmitted light profile and the absorption rate profile. The density variation inducing pore size distribution near the surface layer may affect the absorption rate variation. Additionally, the influence of sizing degree was discussed. This novel system might be applied to clarify effects of water absorbency of basepaper on coating and adequate ink absorption in inkjet printing.
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  • Cross-linking of Chitosan Membrane with Polyethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ether for Immobilization of Uricase
    Shin-ichiro Suye, Atsushi Mizusawa
    1999 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 73-77
    Published: February 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.73
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    This paper describes the immobilization of uricase by entrapment. The entrapping membrane was prepared by the cross-linking of chitosan with polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (diepoxy compound). The properties of the immobilized enzyme were investigated and compared with those of the native uricase. The enzyme activity of the immobilized uricase were found to be more dependent on temperature and pH than that of the native enzyme. The uricase immobilized membrane was sufficiently stable for 30 days allowing for the determination of uric acid concentration. The uric acid sensor was constructed using a hydrogen peroxide electrode.
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  • Function of Environmental Humidity Control of Polyacrylic Acid Fibers
    Toshihiko Ohta, Michi Iwata, Kenji Suzuki
    1999 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 78-83
    Published: February 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.78
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    The function of environmental humidity control(B-value) of ultra-high moisture absorbing materials was evaluated using polyacrylic acid fibers. The curve of B-value at 7.5g/V as a function of moisture absorption was as follows: B-value was markedly increased from -0.0236 to -0.0100/°C with increase of moisture content from 0 to 10 wt%, linearly increased for the moisture content from 10 to 40wt% and shown -0.0012/°C at 40wt%. The PAA-3 fiber showing ultra-high moisture content of about 40wt% attained the B-value=0/°C at 15.0g/V. Furthermore, B-values of the mixed fibers, composed of PAN or Cotton of 30 wt% and PAA-2 fiber of 70wt%, were observed as a function of their weight (g/V) and discussed with the relation to the B-values of their components.
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  • Relation between Function of Environmental Humidity Control and Moisture Sorption-Desorption Isotherm in Polyacrylic Acid Fibers
    Toshihiko Ohta, Michi Iwata
    1999 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 84-89
    Published: February 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.84
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    The relation between the function of environmental humidity control (B-value) and the moisture sorption-desorption isotherm was mainly studied for the polyacrylic acid fibers having a ultra-high moisture content of 20 to 40wt%. The change of the moisture content of specimen (Δm) in a closed vessel under periodic change of temperature between T1 and T2 (T1<T2) was given as the difference between moisture contents along the moisture sorption isotherm at T1 and desorption isotherm at T2. Based on this fact, the relation curve between B-value and the weight of specimen for the volume of closed vessel(W0/V) calculated from the moisture sorption-desorption isotherm agreed well with the observed one. This means the fiber products having the desired B-value can be designed from the moisture sorption-desorption isotherm of the constituent fibers.
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  • Formation of Irreversible Gels of Cellulose/Aqueous Calcium Thiocyanate Solution and Its Application to Wet Spinning
    Makiko Hattori, Yoshihiko Shimaya, Takehiro Koga, Masatoshi Saito, Kun ...
    1999 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 90-98
    Published: February 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.90
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    We attempted to develop a high wet strength cellulose fiber using cellulose/aqueous calcium thiocyanate solution (aq.Ca(SCN)2) gel, as a precursor. The aq.Ca(SCN)2 showed a high dissolving power against several cellulose resources. The cellulose/aq.Ca(SCN)2 gel generated using various organic and inorganic gelling agents were examined in terms of tenacity, elongation, and the morphology. From the results, it was found that rigid and homogeneous cellulose gels with low crystallinity were formed in a short time when ketones, such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, were used as a gelling agent since aq.Ca(SCN)2 is extracted from the cellulose solution. The wet spinning of the cellulose/aq.Ca(SCN)2 system was carried out using acetone or ethanol as a gelling agent. In both cases, we successfully obtained cellulose filaments with much higher tensile strength in conditioned and wet states than that of commercially available viscose and cuprammonium rayons for cloth uses.
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  • Evaluation of Hand Values of Cotton Weaves Treated by Enzyme Bleaching Agents
    Michiko Kotakemori, Takako Fujimoto, Emiko Komatsu, Erika Yamaguchi, M ...
    1999 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages 99-103
    Published: February 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.99
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Bleaching system applying horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was lately attracted industrial attention for its economizing energy and its significancy to protect the dye transfer. Since fabric mechanical properties should change during processing chemical treatment, it is worth to examine how the physical property changed. And this topic might be most important from the view point of fabric end-use. The fabric physical quality was evaluated objectively on the unfinished/finished cotton fabrics by using mechanical properties such as tensile, bending, shear, compressional and surface properties from the measurement. Unfinished sample and samples finished with two kinds of bleached system were prepared: one with a mixture of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the other with percarbonate. Fabric mechanical properties and hand values derived from physical values were compared among samples and discussed the effect of each systems on the fabric quality. A mixture of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) system reduced the fabrics hairiness and protected the disordering of intra -yarn. These structural change would reflect the high performance of handle values, which was higher than that of the other samples.
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  • Phase Behavior and Formation of Phase Structure under External Force Field in Polymer Blends
    TOSHIAKI OUGIZAWA
    1999 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages P43-P46
    Published: February 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.P43
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  • The Super-structural Polymer Synthesized from Microphase Separation of Block Copolymer
    REIKO SAITO, KOJI ISHIZU
    1999 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages P47-P50
    Published: February 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.P47
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  • Development of Higher-order Structure in Supercooled Semicrystalline Polymer Liquids under Elongational Flow
    TADAO KOTAKA, MASAMI OKAMOTO
    1999 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages P51-P56
    Published: February 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.P51
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  • Surface Phase-separated Structures of Multiphase Polymer Thin Films
    ATSUSHI TAKAHARA, TISATO KAJIYAMA
    1999 Volume 55 Issue 2 Pages P57-P62
    Published: February 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.55.P57
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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