Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 56, Issue 6
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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  • Preferential Sorption of the Syndiotactic Polystyrene(SPS)Membranes-The Complex Formability of the SPS-Aromatic Hydrocarbon System-
    Yusuke Yamamoto, Hiroki Fukatsu, Kimiaki Tsutsui, Yoshiharu Tsujita, H ...
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2000 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 266-271
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2001
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.266
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    The complex formability between the syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS) and the aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, and mesitylene) were investigated by means of FT-IR, DSC, and TG methods. It was able to observe the increase of the TTGG conformation contents in SPS-aromatic hydrocarbon solutions during the complex formation by quenching, from ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy. The order of the TTGG conformation content in the SPS-aromatic hydrocarbon systems was agreement with the amount of the complex in these systems estimated from TG measurements. The formation rates and the amounts of the TTGG conformation in the SPS-toluene and p-xylene systems were relatively larger than those in other systems. It was impossible that the difference of the complex formability in SPS-aromatic hydrocarbon systems was interpreted only from the interaction parameter between SPS and the aromatic hydrocarbons. On the other hand, the desorption temperatures of the guest molecules from the complexes in the SPS-aromatic hydrocarbon systems, i.e. the thermal stability of the complex were also different among them. It was concluded that toluene and p-xylene were relatively good for the complex formability with SPS from viewpoint of the formation rate and amounts, and thermal stability.
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  • Modified Polysulfone Membranes. IV. Gas Separation with Aminated Polysulfone Membranes
    Masakazu Yoshikawa, Akio Niimi, Michael D. Guiver, Gilles P. Robertson
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2000 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 272-281
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2001
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.272
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    Novel gas permeation membranes were prepared from polysulfones and amine-modified polysulfones. The introduction of the primary amine moiety into polysulfone membranes led to an increase in permselectivity toward CO2 in CO2/N2 separation and a significant increase in that toward O2 in O2/N2 separation.
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  • Facilitated Transport of CO2 in Liquid Membrane of CsHCO3 Aqueous Solution
    Akon Higuchi, Jiro Komiyama, Toshiro Iijima
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2000 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 282-289
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2001
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.282
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    The facilitated transport of CO2 gas through liquid membranes of aqueous 0-6.27mol/L CsHCO3 solution was studied. The permeability ratio Pco2/Po2 was found to increase at high CsHCO3 concentration in the liquid membrane. The pressure dependence of the permeability coefficients was also measured. The concentration profiles of CO2, HCO3-, CO32- and H+ were calculated by assuming that the concentration of CO2 and HCO3- can be represented as polynomial functions of the position coordinate x in the membrane, and the Fick’s second law holds. The experimental results of the permeability coefficients of CO2 were explained satisfactory by assuming the linear concentration profiles of CO2 and HCO3- in the membrane.
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  • Ionic mobility in water-swollen poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes
    Mitsuru Higa, Mitsuru Koga, Akihiko Tanioka
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2000 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 290-297
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2001
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.290
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    Poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes having various kinds of water content were prepared. In a dialysis system consisting of one of the membranes and solutions of KCl, CaCl2 and K2SO4 electrolytes, the membrane potential, the permeability coefficient and the partition coefficient were measured. The potential data indicate that in the membranes, the mobility of large ions decreases with decreasing water content more steeply than that of small ions. The ratio of the ionic mobility in the membranes to that in aqueous solution is in proportion to the square of membrane tortuosity as the prediction of Mackie and Meares’ theory; however, the proportion coefficient is not unity for the ions. Hence, a modified equation of the theory was proposed in order to estimate the ionic mobility in the membranes.
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  • Anomalous Water Transport across Cation-Exchange Membranes under an Osmotic Pressure Difference in Mixed Aqueous Solutions of Hydrochloric Acid and Alkali Metallic Halide
    Ryotaro Kiyono, Yasuyuki Asai, Yukari Yamada, Atsushi Kishihara, Masay ...
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2000 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 298-301
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2001
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.298
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    Water transport under an osmotic pressure difference across a cation-exchange membrane was measured in 0.005molkg-1 HCl+MCl(mc)/membrane/MCl(mc) system, where M in MCl represents alkali metal and mc is the molality of the electrolyte solutions ranging from 0 to 0.1molkg-1. Hydrocarbonsulfonic acid-type cation-exchange membrane Aciplex K-101 was used. The volume flux observed in the system at mc≠0 was always larger than that in the system at mc=0, although the apparent molality differences across the membrane of the systems were same. Bell-shaped dependence of the osmotic volume flux was observed on mc. In general, the order of the magnitude of the volume flux was LiCl>NaCl>KCl. Electroosmotic volume flux across the membrane was also measured at 0.01molkg-1 to estimate the reduced transport number of water τ0. The values of τ0F represent the amount of transported water followed by the flow of one mole of the monovalent cations. The values of τ0F were 1.7, 26.4, 18.0, and 12.8 for H+, Li+, Na+, and K+, respectively. The anomalous osmotic properties observed in the mixed aqueous solutions of HCl and alkali metallic halide would be due to the displacement of water caused by the counter transport of proton and alkali metallic ion across the membrane in addition to the normal osmotic volume flux.
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  • Effects of pH on the Transport of 5-Fluorouracil across a Fibroin Membrane
    Jianyong Chen, Norihiko Minoura, Toshihisa Osaki, Akihiko Tanioka
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2000 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 302-308
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2001
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.302
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    The transport of 5-fluorouracil (an anti-cancer medicine, 5FU) through a protein membrane was investigated. The membrane was prepared from silk fibroin. The permeability coefficients of 5FU were measured at different pH values ranging from 3.0 to 9.0. The protein membrane was composed of both weak acid and weak base groups—a so-called amphoteric membrane. The isoelectric point of this membrane is about pH 4.0. The measured results showed that the permeability coefficient of 5FU abruptly decreased above about pH 7 because 5FU became anionic in an alkaline solution and the membrane become a cation exchanger above pH 4.0. The abrupt decrease in permeation can be theoretically explained in terms of the Donnan equilibrium and the Nernst-Planck equation. Fibroin membranes are suggested to be potentially very useful in drug delivery systems.
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  • Prevention of Fouling to Cation Exchange Membrane in Electrolyzer for On-site Production of Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide
    Nobuo Yamada, Tokiya Yaguchi, Masao Sudoh
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2000 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 309-316
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2001
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.309
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    Hydrogen peroxide is one of the most important chemicals used in deinking of waste paper and bleaching of mechanical pulp. Environmental restrictions on the use of chlorine-based bleaching techniques are forcing the use of hydrogen peroxide in chemical-pulp bleaching. Therefore a demand for the on-site production of hydrogen peroxide is increasing in the pulp and paper industry. The trickle-bed electrolyzer was developed with a cation-exchange membrane, which could prevent the loss of current efficiency (back-migration of the perhydroxy ion through separator), for the electrochemical production of the hydrogen peroxide. And in order to verify the long-term performance of the electrolyzer, the operational condition of the electrolyzer was investigated. Although the cation-exchange membrane was fouled during continuous operation, we found that an addition of an ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) salt into the anolyte improved the current efficiency and prevent fouling of the ion-exchange membrane. Anolyte recycling was carried out for a practical usage of the anolyte. The cation-exchange membrane was fouled with metallic compounds from make-up NaOH solution when anolyte was recycled 47 times. These metallic compounds were effectively eliminated from the make-up solution by filtration treatment after mixing with magnesium sulfate. It was also clarified that 10% anolyte purge was effective to keep the lower metal concentration from the critical level. The possibility of the trickle-bed electrolyzer is discussed for the on-site electrochemical production of the hydrogen peroxide.
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  • Crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) membrane for pervaporative dehydration of acetic acid
    Samuel P. Kusumocahyo, Masao Sudoh
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2000 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 317-320
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2001
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.56.317
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    Crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes were prepared and used for pervaporation of acetic acid-water mixture. Water was preferentially permeated through the membranes. The permeate flux and the separation factor of the membranes were strongly influenced by the crosslinking conditions, such as crosslinking time, type of solvents, or catalysts. In the dehydration of 70wt.% acetic acid, high fluxes of 0.240-0.724kg/m2h with separation factors of 7.1-11.8 were obtained by crosslinking reaction using an aqueous Na2SO4 as a solvent and H2SO4 as a catalyst with a crosslinking time of maximum 6h. Higher separation factors of 13.2-140 with fluxes of 0.05-0.238kg/m2h were achieved using acetone or ethanol as a solvent and HCl as a catalyst with a crosslinking time of 6-48h.
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