Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 57, Issue 1
Displaying 1-44 of 44 articles from this issue
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  • Effect of Alkylketene Dimer Treatments on Water Repellency of Various Organic and Inorganic Materials
    Akira Isogai
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2001 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.57.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    An AKD emulsion size was treated to various organic and inorganic materials suspended in water, and the levels of water repellency were evaluated by observing water droplets put on the AKD-treated materials. Barium oxide, bleached kraft pulp, celite, glass wool, calcium carbonate, microcrystalline cellulose powder, talc and titanium dioxide turned to have clear water repellency by the AKD treatment more efficiently than alum-emulsion rosin size treatments. The water repellency of these AKD-treated materials was maintained after extraction with chloroform at 70 for 1 day, but completely disappeared by extraction with 1% aqueous Tween 80 at 20°C for 1 day. On the other hand, active carbon, bentonite, silica gel and white carbon had no water repellency even by the same AKD treatment. The appearance of water repellency depended on neither chemical structures nor particle sizes of the materials, but there was an inverse correlation between their specific surface areas and the levels of water repellency. Namely, water repellency appeared on the material at 0.4% AKD addition level, when its specific surface area was lower than about 15m2/g.
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  • Mechanism of Stain Blockers for Nylon Substrate
    Kazuyuki Satoh, Masamichi Morita, Fumihiko Yamaguchi
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2001 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages 7-12
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.57.7
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The stain-resistance of nylon 6 substrate treated with aqueous polymethacrylic acid solutions (PMAA soln.) was investigated. The stain-resistance increased only when nylon 6 film was treated with acidic PMAA soln. at high temperature (naturally at more than Tg of nylon 6). A dynamic contact angle of water measurement revealed that hydrophilic groups including amino end groups of nylon 6 tend to diffuse on the outer surface of nylon 6 by hot water (temperature>Tg). In addition the stain-resistance was found to have linear correlation with deposited PMAA on nylon 6. All these data denoted that an interaction between PMAA and cationized amino end groups might give a good stain-resistance to nylon 6. We confirmed that the treatment by PMAA soln. with pH 2 produced the nylon 6 having cleaning-durable high stain-resistance. From these data a tentative and possible stain-resistant mechanism was proposed.
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  • Antibacterial Activity of Poly-acrylonitrile Fibers that Contain Different Basic Groups as their Copolymer Components.
    Yuko Sawa, Masanobu Hoten
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2001 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages 13-20
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.57.13
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    To evaluate antibacterial activities, 4 types of acrylic fibers, each with a different basic group as its copolymer component (ie.2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine (PyF), 2-(dimethylamino)etylmetacrylate(TAF)/TAF-n, and N-2-hydroxy3-methacryloxypropyl-N, N, N- trimethylammonium chloride (QAF) were prepared. TAF-n was prepared from TAF and various alkyl chrorides (alkyl groups: buthyl, octhyl, dodecy, hexadecyl, and octadecyl). Basicity of these fibers was investigated with respect to surface dyeability and the ζ-potential. Antibacterial activities were assessed against 3 speciesof gram-positive, and 3 species of gram-negative bacteria The dyeabilities of PyF and TAF decreased remarkably at high pHs of 7.2 or 8.0. The dyeability of TAF-n was stable at pHs of 3.5 and 7.2, but was also unstable at 8.0. Interestingly, the dyeability of QAF was unaffected. &zeta-potential decreased from positive to negative with increasing PH in all samples. This data demonstrates that basicity influenced the antibacterial activity derived from, and the stability of, the basic groups. The order of basicity strength determined to be QAF>TAF-n>TAF>PyF. Differences in antibacterial activity of the fibers are discussed with respect to their basicity. PyF did not display antibacterial activity, and TAF showed only slight activity. TAF-n antibacterial activity was enhanced proportionately with an increase in the carbon number of alkyl chain above 8, whereby TAF-16 and TAF-18 exhibited the best antibacterial activity in TAF-n. QAF had the highest activity of the tested fibers. In these experiments, antibacterial activity was not gram-specific, but the data suggests that it is species-specific.
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Technical Papers
  • Reactive Dyeing of Cotton in Water-Organic Solvent Mixture
    Yong-Jin Lim, Tae-Kyung Kim, Kwang-Ho Cho
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2001 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages 21-24
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.57.21
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Cotton fabric was dyed with a reactive dye in water/dichloromethane two-phase immiscible solvent media. In order to minimize dye loss due to its hydrolysis, the reactive dyeing was carried out in dichloromethane containing a small amount of water. With only 2 mL of water in 23 mL of dichioromethane, 1 g of cotton fabric could be dyed perfectly. The uptake ratio increased greatly compared with that of normal reactive dyeing in a water medium. It would seem that the hydrophobic solvent, dichloromethane, can assist the even dyeing as it disperses a small amount of dye-dissolved water phase and conveys this water phase to the fabric entirely and uniformly.
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Notes
  • Enzymatic Activity of Synthetic Polymer - Lipase Complex in Organic Media
    Isao Ikeda, Yumiko Urushisaki
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2001 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages 25-28
    Published: 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: February 20, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.57.25
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    The enhancement effect of the activity of lipase for the synthesis of ester in organic solvents by complexing with synthetic water-soluble polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) was studied. Although natural polymers such as proteins and polysaccharides did not show any enhancement effect, PEG, including its monoalkyl ether derivatives, and PVP showed great enhancement effects. The activity of PVP-lipase complex in isooctane was mainly investigated for the synthesis of 1-phenylethyl acrylate.
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