Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 58, Issue 5
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Series - State of the art of fiber technologies
Series - Museum
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  • A New Method and Its Efficiency to Evaluate the Wrinkle-Resistance of Wool
    Akio Kuzuhara, Teruo Hori
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2002 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 157-162
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.157
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A novel method to evaluate the wrinkle-resistance of woolen fabrics is proposed together with several experimental tests to check its efficiency, which enables us to follow the relaxation behavior of fabrics from wrinkled states, with higher reliability as well as by with greater ease than the conventional methods such as the Multiple-Pleats Test, IWS Method, JIS-L-1059's A to D, etc. Experiments proved the method is strong in two respects: Good reproducibility can be achieved because measurement is always performed in the state at which the regain of the cloth specimen is saturated in the sample-conditioning atmosphere; and high precision or resolvability is guaranteed since the bias caused by the difference in humidity can be removed if the common conditions be set in all tests. This technique was applied to the analysis of the relaxation in the wrinkles that are brought on woolen slacks by actual wearing conditions. The results obtained, being compared with the laboratory ones, proved the practical validity of the new method and gave useful information.
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  • Synthesis and Soil Repellent, Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Blocked Isocyanate Co-oligomers Having Cation Segments
    Xinhong Peng, Masako Sato, Tokuzo Kawase, Kouji Ikeno, Hideo Sawada, N ...
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2002 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 163-169
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.163
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    New type blocked isocyanate co-oligomers having cation segments were synthesized. Soil repellent, antibacterial and antifungal modifications of glass and cellulose by these co-oligomers were studied. Through measuring the contact angles and XPS spectra, it was shown that the glass and cellulose surfaces modified with co-oligomers containing ammonium and phosphonium segments change to water- and oil-repellent. The surface modified by the co-oligomers containing phosphonium segments was also found to exhibit a high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
    Moreover, the co-oligomers containing phosphonium segments were found to retards the multiplication of Aureobasidium pullulans and Cladosporium cladosporioides even when the concentration of co-oligomer solution was 0.01wt%. They also showed antifungal activity against Fomitopsis palustris and Trametes versicolor.
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  • Mechanism of Water- and Oil-Repellency Behavior of Paper Prepared by Internal Addition of Fluorine-Containing Reagent
    Satoru Fukuda, Akira Isogai, Fumihiko Onabe, Masahiko Ishikawa, Tetsuy ...
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2002 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 170-175
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.170
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    Handsheets were prepared from pulp slurries by internal addition of a water-soluble fluorochemical (fluoroalkylphosphate diethanolamine salt) with or without polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin resin (PAE), and water- and oil-repellency behavior of the handsheets was studied in terms of handsheet-making conditions. The micro-flask combustion method and X-ray fluorescence analysis were used to determine fluorochemical contents in the handsheets. The fluorochemicals were retained in the handsheets by electrostatic interactions through PAE, in which case high degrees of water- and oil-repellency were given to the handsheets. Nearly no fluorochemicals were retained in the handsheets without PAE. In most cases, water-repellency of the handsheets was sensitively influenced by the handsheet-making conditions, whereas oil-repellency was roughly governed by the fluorochemical contents in the handsheets. The key factors for improvement of water- and oil-repellency may lie not only in retaining the fluorochemicals but also in controlling distribution or agglomeration of the fluorochemicals in the handsheets.
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  • A Mechanical Model Analysis of Crepe Puckering
    Takashi Komori, Motoyoshi Itoh
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2002 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 176-181
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.176
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    The formation of pucker in a crepe fabric is analyzed as a post-buckling phenomenon which is induced by self-untwisting torque in the constituent yarns over-twisted. The potential energy of the fabric after buckling is composed of three terms, two correspond to the bend and torsion of yarns and the third to the shear deformation of the fabric, where the detwisting torque of yarn is treated equivalently as the pre-loaded or residual torsion. The equilibrium shape of the fabric is determined by the conditions minimizing the potential. The analysis can estimate the critical level which the residual torsion should exceed for the post-buckling state to exist. The parameters which characterize the equilibrium pucker are expressed as functions of the residual torsion relative to the critical value. The results are also compared with experimental information available.
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Rapid Communications
  • Catastrophic Neck-Flow Transition during Laser-Heated Drawing of Poly (ethylene terephthalate) Fiber
    Yutaka Ohkoshi, Jun Watanabe, Wataru Okumura, Yasuo Gotoh, Masanobu Na ...
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2002 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 182-184
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.182
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    Poly (ethylene terephthalate) fiber was continuously flow-drawn to a draw ratio of more than 20 with heating by laser irradiation. High-speed video imaging and drawing tension measurement observed a clear transition between the neck-drawing state and the flow-drawing state. A neck shape vanished at a draw ratio of about 3.2 and was accompanied by a steep drop in drawing tension. Drawing stress during flow drawing is about 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the stress during neck drawing. The fiber broke at a draw ratio of about 25, immediately following instantaneous appearance of necking-like deformation. A critical drawing stress, about 6 MPa for post-drawn fiber, marks the transition between the neck drawing and the flow drawing.
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Notes
  • Effect of Hot Mercerization on Liquid Ammonia Treated Cottons
    Tomiji Wakida, Muncheul Lee, Sun-Ji Park, Masumi Saito
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2002 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 185-187
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.185
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    Liquid ammonia treated cotton fiber and fabric were mercerized with 20% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution for 5 min at 20°C to 100°C. X-ray diffraction patterns of the cottons were measured with a Rigaku Denki III DMAX. The NH3-treated cotton fiber showed almost Cellulose III crystallite pattern. After mercerization, the crystallite phase transformed to Cellulose IIIII and a little Cellulose IIII. On the other hand, though NH3-treated cotton fabric was changed partially to Cellulose IIIII, untreated Cellulose I crystallite was remained not a little. The obtained Cellulose IIII crystallite of the fabric was completely returned to Cellulose IIII by mercerization regardless of the temperature, Cellulose IIIII crystallite was not observed despite of a decreasing of the mercerizing temperature. Therefore, it seems that mercerization of the fiber and fabric is considerably different. Apparent dyeing rate of the NH3-treated cotton fiber and fabric with C.I. Direct Blue 1 was increased by the hot mercerizing. The rate of the fiber was increased with a decrease of the mercerizing temperature, whereas that of the fabric was no difference among the temperature.
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  • Bioconversion of Terephthalate by Resting Cells of Alkaliphilic Dietzia sp. Strain GS-1
    Daisuke Sugimori, Takanori Sekiguchi
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2002 Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 188-190
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: October 15, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.188
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    Disodium terephthalate (DT) was degraded by the resting cells of alkaliphilic Dietzia sp. strain GS-1. The degradation occurred at pH 7.0-10.0. The optimal pH for the degradation was around 8.0. Oxygen uptake experiments with the resting cells showed that oxygen was utilized for degrading DT by strain GS-1. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis revealed three degradation products in the resting cells reaction at pH 10. The products absorbed light at around 265 nm and were likely aromatic compound having hydroxyl and/or carboxyl group. The resting cells reaction was strongly inhibited by α, α'-dipyridyl, suggesting DT-degrading enzyme is likely metalloenzyme. The cell-free extracts degraded DT at the velocity of 0.885 μM min-1 mg-protein-1.
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