Liquid ammonia treated cotton fiber and fabric were mercerized with 20% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution for 5 min at 20°C to 100°C. X-ray diffraction patterns of the cottons were measured with a Rigaku Denki III DMAX. The NH
3-treated cotton fiber showed almost Cellulose III crystallite pattern. After mercerization, the crystallite phase transformed to Cellulose II
III and a little Cellulose I
III. On the other hand, though NH
3-treated cotton fabric was changed partially to Cellulose III
II, untreated Cellulose I crystallite was remained not a little. The obtained Cellulose III
I crystallite of the fabric was completely returned to Cellulose I
III by mercerization regardless of the temperature, Cellulose II
III crystallite was not observed despite of a decreasing of the mercerizing temperature. Therefore, it seems that mercerization of the fiber and fabric is considerably different. Apparent dyeing rate of the NH
3-treated cotton fiber and fabric with C.I. Direct Blue 1 was increased by the hot mercerizing. The rate of the fiber was increased with a decrease of the mercerizing temperature, whereas that of the fabric was no difference among the temperature.
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