Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 58, Issue 7
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Columns
Commentations
Series - State of the art of fiber technologies
Review
  • Recognition of High Sensitivity of Vibrational Spectroscopy in Study of Higher-Order Structure of Polymers
    Kohji Tashiro
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2002 Volume 58 Issue 7 Pages 253-261
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.253
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Vibrational spectroscopy had been for a long time believed to be sensitive to only the local structure of polymers. But this technique has been found to be powerful in the study of higher-order structure of polymers. Concrete examples were presented in this review, including the morphology-dependent infrared spectra of polyoxymethylene and their application to the study of crystallization process, the intimate relationship between stress-induced Raman spectral change and stress distribution in bulk polyoxymethylene samples and poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole fibers, and the chain folding mode in crystalline lamellae of polyethylene.
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Transactions
  • Structural Defects Generated upon Two-Stage Solid-State Coextrusion Drawing of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Reactor Powder
    Jun Enta, Daisuke Sawai, Tetsuo Kanamoto, Masayoshi Ito
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2002 Volume 58 Issue 7 Pages 262-267
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.262
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A film of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene reactor powder, prepared by compaction below the melting point, was drawn by two-stage coextrusion at 110-130°C to a total extrusion draw ratio (EDRt) of 24. EDRt is a product of the EDRs of the two stages. Two kinds of flaws were observed; kink bands running at an angle of 30-60° to the fiber axis and periodic variations in the sample thickness along the fiber axis. The effects of extrusion variables on the formation of these flaws were studied by polarized light microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction recorded with normal beam (diameter; φ = 0.5mm) and micro-beam (φ = 10 or 100μm). The number of flaws of both types increased with decreasing coextrusion temperature and/or decreasing die EDR used for the second-stage coextrusion. It was found that the kink bands were generated by the spring back associated with the die swell. In contrast, the thickness variation along the draw axis was found to form within an extrusion die during the second-stage draw. The effect of each of the two kinds of flaws on the stress/strain behavior is also discussed.
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  • Permanganic Etching of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fibers
    Taiyo Yoshioka, Masaki Tsuji, Yutaka Kawahara, Shinzo Kohjiya, Takeshi ...
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2002 Volume 58 Issue 7 Pages 268-272
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.268
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The permanganic etching method was applied to various poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers having different crystallinity. It turned out for each filament of the PET fibers that the reduction of fiber diameter and the treatment time of etching have a rectilinear relationship between them, as in the case of aqueous alkaline hydrolysis of PET ones. We could express well this rectilinear relationship with a mathematical equation derived from a simple model for etching. A correlation between the apparent rate constant and the amorphous content for as-spun fibers suggested the fact that amorphous portions of PET fiber were preferentially removed by permanganic etching. This fact was confirmed from the evaluation of relative crystallinity of the etched surface region by the microlaser Raman measurement for a given fiber.
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Notes
  • Novel Observation Technique for Swollen Structure of Cellulosic Fibers in Water
    Katsuji Kasahara, Nobuo Donkai, Hiroaki Sasaki, Tohru Takagishi
    Article type: scientific monograph
    Subject area: Infomation Science
    2002 Volume 58 Issue 7 Pages 273-276
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.58.273
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    By using commercial cellulosic fibers of Tencel®, Tencel A-100® and Polynosic, we tried to offer a novel technique giving not only a structural contrast in optical microscopic observations for the fiber in water but also the reflective swollen surface structure in electron microscopic observations for the dried fibers after swelling. Formation of colloidal particles on the swollen fiber surface was very effective for the purpose and exhibited similar characteristic structure in optical and electron microscopic observations.
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