Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 59, Issue 12
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Commentation
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  • Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Sodium Lignosulfonate-based Rigid Polyurethane Foams Prepared with Three Kinds of Polyols
    Yasuhiro Asano, Hyoe Hatakeyama, Tatsuko Hatakeyama
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 465-470
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.465
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared by the following procedures. Sodium lignosulfonate (LS) was dissolved in diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TEG) or polyethylene glycol (average molecular weight, Mn200: PEG200). Rigid polyurethane foams were prepared by reacting the obtained solutions with polyphenyl polymethylene polydiisocyanate (MDI) in the presence of a silicone surfactant, di-n-butyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) and water. Thermal and mechanical properties of these polyurethanes (PU’s) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) and mechanical tests. Glass transition temperatures (Tg’s) of PU’s increased with increasing LS content and decreased with increasing Mn of ethylene glycol. Thermal degradation took place in two stages and temperatures (Td‘s) decreased with increasing LS content. Compressive stress at 10% strain (σ10) and compressive yielding stress (σy) increased with increasing apparent density (ρ) of PU’s.
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  • Fiber Orientation and Flow Properties of Pulp Fiber Suspensions under Shear Flow Conditions
    Bo Chen, Daisuke Tatsumi, Takayoshi Matsumoto
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 471-478
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.471
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The rheological properties of mixed pulp fiber suspensions were measured with a parallel-plates type rheometer. The effects of shear rate and mixture ratios of softwood and hardwood kraft pulp fibers on flocculation of the fibers were evaluated using a high speed CCD camera. The flow curves of the suspensions showed individual three zones derived from different flocculation conditions of the systems. The effect of the long fibers on the flocculation is more remarkable than the short ones. The two-dimensional fast Fourier transform technique was used to analyze the fiber orientation in polar coordinate. The fiber orientation in flow direction is rather irregular, even under high shear rate conditions. The present method is useful for evaluating the flow behavior of the fiber suspensions and the fiber orientation.
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  • Modification of Soybean Protein with Diisocyanates and Some Properties of the Modified Protein
    Seung-Roung Lee, Koji Miyajaki, Kenji Hisada, Isao Tabata, Teruo Hori
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 479-484
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.479
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    Soybean protein, as a vegetable protein, was modified by reacting it with a crosslinking agent, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate. The molecular weights of modified soybean protein were increased as increasing the amount of added crossliking agent, but did not show the contents rate change of amino acid and sorption-desorption behavior of moisture by modification reaction, while the hydrophobicity of the proteins were increased with the progress of the modification reaction. The modified soybean proteins showed the good solubility in some polar organic solvents, especially in dimethylsulfoxide, when soybean protein (3 g) is modified with 7.5 mmol TDI. It is interesting that the modified soybean proteins showed a plastic property and good affinity with polyacrylonitrile.
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  • Measurement of Fiber Flexural-rigidity by Rotating Vertical Cantilever Method
    Masayuki Takatera, Yoshihiko Yazaki, Tomoya Nakano, Hiroyuki Kanai, Sa ...
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 485-491
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.485
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A new method and device were developed for measuring the flexural-rigidity of fibers. One end of a short fiber was vertically fixed in a rotation table with an offset from the rotation axis. When the table rotates fiber bends by centrifugal force. The device is put in a vacuum case to reduce air resistance. Expression of the relation between fiber flexural-rigidity and bending curve was obtained. The equation was solved under various boundary conditions by numerical calculation. The influence of the offset and gravity was also investigated. The flexural-rigidity was estimated from characteristic measurement of bending curve. This method is effective for the measurement of bending rigidity of single fibers.
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  • Influence of the Sewing Conditions on the Amount of Needle Penetration in Two-ply Fabrics (Interlining and Outer Fabric) using Blind-stitch Sewing Machine
    Kuniko Matsunashi, Kozo Shimazaki
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 12 Pages 492-498
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: July 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.492
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The behavior of needle penetration in blind stitch sewing was examined in the case that interlining (upper fabric) is seamed together with outer fabric (bottom fabric). The amount of needle penetration in the upper fabrics, l1 becomes larger with the increase in the fabric thickness (TM1 + TM2) and the rise in ridge forming disc, where TM1 and TM2 are thickness of upper and bottom fabrics respectively. The amount of needle penetration in the bottom fabric, l2 becomes smaller with the increase in the fabric thickness TM1. It was found that the multiple regression equations of l1 and l2 can be obtained using the position of ridge forming disc, TM1, TM2, bending rigidity and crimp ratio of woven fabric along the sewing direction (warp or weft direction). As for the sewing direction, it was observed that the amount of needle penetration becomes larger in the bias direction in comparing with the warp and weft direction. And a master curve which shows directional effect was obtained. It was shown that the amount of needle penetration predicted by the results mentioned above agreed well with the actual values.
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