Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 59, Issue 7
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Feature
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Commentation
Transactions
  • Interchain Interaction in Ultradrawing UHMWPE /Tri-O-Alkylcellulose Blend Film Obtained by Gelation⁄Casting From Solution
    Chie Sawatari, Pratuangtip Panbumrung, Tetsuo Kondo
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 7 Pages 251-259
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.251
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    Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE, Mw = 5,000,000) and tri-O-octadecylcellulose (C18, DP = 220) blend films were prepared in decahydronaphthalene solution. The film-formability, drawability, and deformation mechanism of the films with different compositions are investigated. The as-casted blend film of 75⁄25 (PE⁄C18, wt%) did not exhibit indication of phase separation of each component, and the draw ratio reached 130 times as the maximum, indicating that at the composition the two components seemed to be mixed intimately. By the stretching, the molecular chains of both PE and C18 were oriented along the stretching direction in the blend film. Further, the octadecyl groups on the glucopyranose ring were also oriented in the stretching direction. The above results were proved by polarized infrared measurements. The tensile strength of the drawn sample was also investigated to lead this system to an environmentally-friendly material with a high strength.
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  • Immobilization of Viologen Moieties on Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Grafted Polyethylene Surface
    Masaru Mori, Mari Ishihara, Jojiro Okumura, Koichi Yamaguchi, Katsuhik ...
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 7 Pages 260-265
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.260
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    Immobilization of viologen moieties on low-density polyethylene(PE) film was carried out by a surface graft polymerization technique in this study. Graft polymerization of acrylic acid was performed onto the surface of PE film pre-treated with Ar plasma. Following the plasma treatment and the subsequent exposure to air to introduce peroxides onto PE film surface, graft polymerization was allowed to proceed from the polymer peroxides in deaerated acrylic acid aqueous solution. Carboxyl groups of the PAAc-grafted PE film were reacted with epoxy groups of epibromohydrin, to introduce bromoalkyl groups to the surface of PE film. Viologen moieties were introduced onto the surface of PE film by the Menschtkin reaction between bromoalkyl groups and 4,4’-bipyridine, followed by the reaction with n-propyl bromide. The PE film containing viologen moieties exhibited the photochromism. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-visible studies were conducted for characterizing the surfaces of these films during the various stages of the reaction.
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  • Sizing Response Factors Characterized by XPS⁄PyGC Comparative Analysis
    Hiroki Yamamoto, Takuya Kitaoka, Hiroo Tanaka
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 7 Pages 266-271
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.266
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    Factors influencing sizing response were investigated by the combined analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and pyrolysis gas chromatography (PyGC). Fatty acids (FAs) such as stearic acid (SA) and palmitic acid (PA) were used as models of rosin size, and the handsheets prepared beforehand with aluminum sulfate (alum) were soaked in the FAs⁄chloroform solution. Nearly no sizing effect appeared in the FAs-sized sheets without alum. The sizing degrees of the sized sheets increased with an increase in the internal alum addition level, although the size content determined by PyGC was almost constant regardless of the amount of alum added or a variety of FAs as sizing agents. However, the sizing response of the sheets sized by SA⁄PA mixture was quite higher than that of SA- or PA-sized sheets. High resolution XPS analysis revealed that both of internal alum addition and blending FAs brought about an increase in the atomic ratio of carbon originating from the size components present on the pulp fibers. As based on the XPS analytical principle that the detectable depth of photoelectrons is quite shallow (‹ 10 nm), it was possibly suggested that one of the factors affecting the sizing response was the subtle size aggregation over 10 nm in diameter on the sheet surfaces. A creative analysis of XPS⁄PyGC comparative quantification offered a new aspect in sizing mechanisms that the delicate behavior of size aggregation must govern the sizing response.
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  • Environmental Stress Cracking of Poly l-lactic acid⁄triacetin Blend Film
    Tohru Tatsushima, Nobuo Ogata, Takasi Ogihara, Kouji Nakane
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 7 Pages 272-277
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.272
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    The blend film of poly l-lactic acid (PLLA) added with triacetin (TAC) was prepared by using a solvent cast technique. The blend film exhibits elastomeric property owing to the plasticization effect of TAC. In order to investigate the degradation mechanism of the blend film under load and hydrolysis conditions, we performed the strip bend test and the environmental stress cracking(ESC) test in aqueous NaOH solutions. The following conclusions are deduced from the observed result: (i) the degradation mechanism under load conditions is different from that under no-load conditions, (ii) the fracture behavior of PLLA film can be analyzed by linear fracture mechanics, (iii) annealing decreases ESC resistance of PLLA, and (iv) the addition of TAC to PLLA enhances ESC resistance.
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  • Compression Properties for Square Braided Fabric without Constraint to the Side Face
    Takahisa Ueda, Akio Ohtani, Asami Nakai, Hiroyuki Hamada, Yoshimichi F ...
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 7 Pages 278-283
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.278
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    Abstract: Cyclic compression test was performed on square braided fabric and the hysteresis loop in load and displacement was investigated. The observation of the cross section with optical microscopy was performed and the mechanism of deformation under compressive loading was clarified. Inside structure of braided fabric and compressive properties were extremely changed at first compression and then tended to converge to stable structure; compression ratio, reconstruction ratio and elastic modulus kept almost constant value after 2nd cycle. The change in structure of braided fabric was resulted from increase in crimp ratio of fiber bundle ‘a’ and change in braiding angle.
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Technical Papers
  • Study on the Wool Fiber Performance Improved by Drawing
    Weilin Xu, Shangyong Zhang, Maolin Zhang
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 7 Pages 284-288
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.284
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    In this paper, relation between the changes of wool fiber diameter and length were theoretically analyzed and tested when it was drawn under different conditions. Studied results show that wool fiber diameter can be permanent reduced by drawing, generally, the fiber diameter can be reduced to around 0.80 times of that before drawing. The influence of drawing tension, drawing time and the pretreatment on the fiber elongation and the diameter were also discussed. After drawing, reduction of the fiber diameter in the lengthwise was tested. Results show that reduction of the fiber diameter was not the same in the lengthwise, reduction of the diameter at the position of large diameter is higher than that at the position of small diameter along the fiber, which is perhaps mostly due to the stress on the fiber cross-section not the same in the lengthwise.
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Notes
  • Shearing and Bending Properties of Silk Fabrics Treated with Ammonia Gas
    Tomiji Wakida, Muncheul Lee, Sun-Ji Park, Shinzo Ishida
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 7 Pages 289-292
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.289
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    Liquid ammonia treatment of the textile fabric has been studied before now in order to improve the softness of cotton fabric with regard to shape stability finish. Furthermore, we are studying now on an application of ammonia-gas treatment to textile finishing instead of liquid ammonia treatment. In this study, two kinds of silk fabrics were treated with ammonia-gas under atmospheric (0.098 MPa) and at pressures of 2, 4, and 6 kgf/cm2 which correspond to 0.196, 0.392 and 0.588 MPa respectively. After the treatment, shearing and bending hysteresis curves were measured with a KES evaluation system , and then shearing and bending modulus G, B, and the hysteresis width 2HG, 2HG5 and 2HB were obtained. Each parameter decreased obviously by the treatment, especially at a pressured condition. Therefore, it is clear that the ammonia-gas treatment is effective to improve the soft hand of the silk fabric.
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