Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 59, Issue 9
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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The Society of Fiber S & T, Japan Prize for Excellence in Fiber Research
The Society of Fiber S & T, Japan Prize for New Fiber Technology
Commentation
Transactions
  • Morphology and Discharge Parameter Dependence of Property and Structure of RF Sputter-Deposited Fluorocarbon Coatings on PET Fibers
    Hongjin Qi, Zhaoli Ma, Xiquan Sun, Jianjun Lu, Lin Ma, Yinjie Sun
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 9 Pages 343-347
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.343
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Radio frequency (RF) sputtering has been employed to fabricate a series of polymeric fluorocarbon coatings on PET fibers for a novel waterproof breathable fabric(WBF). SEM images reveal that the coating morphology on PET fibers is different form that on PET film under same discharge parameters. Numerous wire-like micro⁄nano-sized particles have formed on the PET fiber surface, whereas 3-dimensional network consisting of numerous lying silkworm-like micro⁄nano-sized particles has been created on the PET film substrate. The water contact angle of the WBFs was found to decrease remarkably with power but to rise with pressure due to the changes in the coating composition. The deposition time mainly affects coating thickness other than composition. The moisture permeability of these coated fabrics is near that of the uncoated fabrics since only the fiber surface has been individually covered with the coated grains while the fabric still remain original numerous pores. It was found that an increased target-substrate distance (TSD) leads to a decrease in deposition rate, while decreased TSD can make the coating more uneven. The contact angle of the coated specimens obtained at higher energy is always smaller than that obtained at lower energy for a given washing time, attributed to formation of more fluorine-lack groups in the former.
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  • Flexural Properties of Unidirectional Hybrid Composites of Three Layers, Carbon Fibers⁄Epoxy, AluminaFibers⁄Epoxy and Low Elastic Layers
    Masatoshi Yamanaka, Yoshiharu Kimura
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 9 Pages 348-352
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.348
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    An elastic layer was introduced into unidirectional composites laminarily reinforced with carbon (CF) and alumina (AF) fibers to analyze its effect on the flexural properties. When the hybrid ratio of CF-reinforced layer was below 60 %, both of the hybrid composites (INL) having an elastic (polyester fiber reinforced) layer between the CF- and AF-reinforced layers and the corresponding hybrid composites (NOL) without the elastic layer started to fracture from the AF-reinforced layer (tension side). When the hybrid ratio of CF-reinforced layer was higher than 60 %, small cracks were formed in the CF-reinforced layer both in the NOL and INL that was allowed to yield under a low bending load. The presence of the elastic layer can relieve the negative effect of hybrid lamination, sometimes preventing the fracture that is often observed in NOL. Furthermore, the deflection at the initial fracture and the stress at initial fracture increased significantly in INL compared with those of NOL, because of the decreased stress arising between the CF- and AF- reinforced layers in the formers.
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  • Roles of Aluminum Sulfate in Rosin Sizing
    Takuya Kitaoka, Akira Isogai
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 9 Pages 353-357
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.353
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    Roles of aluminum components originating from aluminum sulfate (alum) in rosin sizing were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis and pyrolysis gas chromatography. Handsheets were prepared with 1% alum and 1% anionic rosin emulsion, where the stirring time of pulp suspensions at pH 6.7 or pH 4.5 between the alum and size additions varied from 3 to 3000 min. Sizing effects of the handsheets prepared at pH 6.7 decreased rapidly as the stirring time proceeded, although the sizing appearance of the handsheets prepared at pH 4.5 was observed even at an addition interval of 50 hrs. Under the neutral papermaking conditions, the Al components once adsorbed on pulp fibers were immediately counteracted by OH- ions, followed by the Al desorption and the drop in rosin retention. On the other hand, the acidic circumstances preserved the Al retention and performance, resulting in higher rosin content and better sizing efficiency. The Al components present on pulp surfaces were then aggregated gradually, and the ability as a retention aid eventually became absent, although the Al content remained almost unchanged. However, the Al components that had lost the above function could make a great contribution to sizing appearance by tub-sizing the Al-containing handsheets with the same rosin emulsion. Therefore, alum in rosin sizing must play two individual roles in sizing response: a retention enhancer as which Al cations act at the wet end, and a sizing promoter as which non-ionic Al components perform in the dried paper sheet.
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  • Implementation of Friction Model in Cloth Simulation System
    Izumi Yamamoto, Haruki Imaoka
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 9 Pages 358-364
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.358
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    Frictional properties between a cloth and a rigid object are still not completely implemented in cloth simulation systems. Resistance force from the rigid object to a cloth can be divided into two components, namely normal force and frictional force. Though the normal force is an essential part of resistance force, the frictional force of secondary importance must be considered to achieve more accurate cloth simulation. In order to complete the investigation, some working steps are needed. As the first step of the investigation, we have tried to make a physically based friction model by which the following two phenomena occur in the simulation. The first phenomenon is, as a matter of course, that the simulated shape varies according to the value of frictional coefficient. The second one is hysteresis i.e. the shape depends not only on the final location of a rigid object, but also on the history of changing locations.
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  • Active Tactual Motion of Fingers in Discriminating Cloth -The Difference between Male and Female-
    Sumin Lee, Masayoshi Kamijo, Toyonori Nishimatsu, Tsugutake Sadoyama, ...
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 9 Pages 365-370
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.365
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Human uses the sight and the tactile sensations to evaluate the hand of textile fabrics. Especially the tactile sensation is the important factor to decide the hand of a textile fabric. When human evaluates the hand, the physical and physiological phenomena are occurred by the finger motion(the applied force, the speed of finger movement, the touching time, the contact area and the distance of finger movement). So we studied the relationship between the active tactual motion(the applied force, the speed of finger movement, the touching time, the contact area and the distance of finger movement) and the ability of fabric discrimination by five men and five women. As the result, the correct answer ratio of female group was higher than that of male group. In discriminating the cloth, the male group attached important to the touching time and the female group attached important to the applied force, the speed of finger movement, the touching time and the contact area.
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Notes
  • Hydorolysis Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)Fiber
    Mai Nishihara, Shigemitsu Murase
    2003 Volume 59 Issue 9 Pages 371-374
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.59.371
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In vitro degradation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibers were investigated in the phosphate-buffered solution (pH 6.86) at 50, 70, and 90 °C, respectively. Three kinds of fibers, with different birefringence and crystallinity, were prepared by melt-spinning and drawing processes. During the hydrolysis, the crystallization of lower orientation and lower crystallinity fiber was observed at 50 °C, which is lower than the glass transition temperature of PLA. This may be caused by the degradation in the amorphous region. The degradation rate constant of lower birefringence (0.000) and lower crystallinity (9.7%) fiber was 1.5-3.0 times faster than that of higher (0.030 and 39.6%) one.
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