Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 60, Issue 1
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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  • Structural Changes of Hair Keratin by Reduction, Heat and subsequent Oxidation Treatments
    Satoshi Ogawa, Sumi Tokuda, Kazuki Fujii, Katsumi Kanayama, Kyohei Jok ...
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A commercial method for permanent hair straightening process including three chemical reaction steps: i.e., reduction, heat treatment and subsequent oxidation has been widely used. The effects of reduction treatment on chemical, morphological and fine structural changes of hair were studied. Reduction was performed by using a thioglycolic acid (TGA) only and a bicomponent system composed of TGA and dithiodiglycolic acid (DTDG). Our approach was focussed on the effects of DTDG on hair damage. Amino acid analysis showed that in the presence of DTDG, the reduction of disulfide bonds is suppressed, while the formation of thiol groups from the mixed disulfide which is made by the reaction of cystine thiol and thioglycolic acid is enhanced. The results of high pressure DSC and the histochemical observation of cortical cells suggested that the hair straightening treatments give rise to a destruction of the α-crystallites in part and more or less degradation of either the non-keratinous components or the amorphous matrix. However, FT-IR spectral data suggested that the α-helical materials are present in the straightened hairs at the same level as detected in the untreated hair. The reducing system containing DTDG decreased chemical attack on the amorphous matrix and the structural regularity of the matrix remained to be almost unchanged.
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  • Application of Silk Sericin to Finishing of Synthetic Fabrics
    Seung-Roung Lee, Koji Miyazaki, Kenji Hisada, Teruo Hori
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 9-15
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.9
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    An attempt has been done to apply silk sericin for finishing there on synthetic fabrics such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polypropylene (PP). N-Vinylformamide was grafted onto the PET fabric swollen by benzyl alcohol and unswollen PP fabrics, using the so-called “film seal method” of electron-beam irradiation technique. The grafting degree of PET fabric could be controlled by the swelling degree and by the monomer concentration, and concerning to PP fabric, the degree could be controlled by the monomer concentration. After the pre-treated fabric was hydrolyzed by sulfuric acid, sericin was fixed on them with a crosslinking agent, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). As a result from the sericin fixation, the moisture adsorption and the antistatic properties were significantly improved besides the original smooth touch was not affected.
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  • Hydrolysis of Ramie Fiber by Cellulase Chemically Modified with Water Soluble Polymer under Neutral pH Condition
    Jitsuo Sugai, Kyohei Joko, Toshio Hayashi, Motoo Arai
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 16-20
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.16
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The commercial cellulase was chemically modified with a water soluble polymer with the aim of increasing molecular weight of the enzyme. Maleic acid methylvinylether copolymer was used as a water soluble polymer. Avicelase activity, the optimal pH of the chemically modified cellulase shifted to the alkali side compared with native cellulase. However, the avicelase activity of the modified enzyme at pH 7 showed 80% of the maximum activity in borate buffer. On the contrary, the activity of native enzyme showed only 30% of the maximum one. The results showed that activation of the modified enzyme occurred in the presence of borate ion. Using the effect, the biopolishing of cellulosic fiber might possible. The decline of breaking strength of ramie yarns was improved, when the modified enzyme was used.
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  • Compression Properties of Square Braided Fabric -Recovery properties after flat compression-
    Takahisa Ueda, Akio Ohtani, Kimihiko Akutsu, Asami Nakai, Hiroyuki Ham ...
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 21-26
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.21
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    In this study, recovery properties of square braided fabric after flat compression were focused. The observation of the cross section with optical microscopy was performed and the mechanism of recovery deformation was clarified. Inside structure of braided fabric and recovery properties were extremely changed at first compression and then tended to converge to stable structure. Recovery ratio kept almost constant value after 2nd cycle. Recovery of braided fabric was resulted from change in braiding angle of fiber bundle ‘a’ and ‘b’ and decrease in crimp of fiber bundle.
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  • Compression Properties of Square Braided Fabric -Concave Compression Properties-
    Takahisa Ueda, Akio Ohtani, Kimihiko Akutsu, Asami Nakai, Hiroyuki Ham ...
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.27
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Concave compression properties of square braided fabric were investigated. From the observation of the cross section with optical microscopy, the mechanism of deformation under concave compressive loading was clarified. The deformation involved change in crimp ratio and braiding angle of fiber bundle. Inside structure of braided fabric and deformation properties were extremely changed at first compression and then tended to converge to stable structure; compression ratio decreased and recovery ratio increased. The change in structure of braided fabric was resulted from change in braiding angle and change in crimp of fiber bundle because of bending deformation.
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Technical Papers
  • Mechanical Properties of Polyester / Cotton and Polyester / Rayon Fabrics Treated with Ammonia-Gas
    Tomiji Wakida, Takako Tokuyama, Chizuko Doi, Muncheul Lee, Dong Seok J ...
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 34-37
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2005
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.34
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Liquid ammonia treatment has already been carried out practically to improve the soft hand of the cotton fabric. In a previous paper, we reported that the shearing and bending parameters of polyester/cotton (65/35) fabric treated with liquid ammonia decreased apparently. Ammonia-gas treatment was carried out for various cellulosic fabrics, and it was effective to decrease the shearing and bending properties in relation to the soft hand of the cellulosic fabric, especially for regenerated cellulosic fabrics. In this study, polyester/cotton (65/35) and polyester/rayon (65/35) fabrics were treated with ammonia-gas, and then KES shearing and bending parameters, crease recovery and heart loop softness were measured to evaluate the fabric hand. The shearing and bending moduli G, B, and the hysteresis widths 2HG, 2HG5 and 2HB decreased apparently. Therefore, it seems that the ammonia-gas treatment is effective for an improvement of the soft hand of the polyester/cotton and polyester/rayon blended fabrics as is the same with the liquid ammonia treatment.
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