繊維学会誌
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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60 巻, 11 号
Special Issue on "Dyeing -The Vivid and Colourful World-" and "High-strength Fibers"
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時評
特集<染色-その鮮やかな世界->
連載<伝統織物探訪>
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  • 微生物産生生分解性脂肪族ポリエステルの高強度繊維　-ポリヒドロキシアルカン酸繊維の延伸・熱処理条件について-
    田中 稔久, 青柳 佳宏, 土肥 義治, 岩田 忠久
    2004 年 60 巻 11 号 p. 309-315
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2005/12/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.309
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Strong fibers of ultra-high-molecular-weight poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (UHMW-P(3HB)) produced by a recombinant Escherichia coli strain and poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-8%-(R)-3-hydroxyvalerate] (P(3HB-co-8%-3HV)) by wild-type bacteria were prepared from amorphous states by cold-drawing and two-step-drawing. The annealing procedure was performed during two-step-drawing (simultaneous method), or after two-step-drawing (successive method). The tensile strength of UHMW-P(3HB) fiber prepared by the successive method was higher than that prepared by the simultaneous method. Bacterial P(3HB-co-8%-3HV) fibers with high tensile strength were processed by cold-drawing and two-step-drawing with successive annealing procedures. Furthermore, P(3HB-co-8%-3HV) fibers were prepared by one-step-drawing after the formation of small nuclei by isothermal crystallization near the Tg. It was revealed that multi-step-drawing and one-step-drawing after isothermal crystallization were very useful to obtain high strength fibers of both P(3HB) homo and copolymers.
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  • 超高分子量ポリエチレンの溶融延伸：分子量効果
    東海林 美雪, 澤井 大輔, 金元 哲夫, 大浜 俊生
    2004 年 60 巻 11 号 p. 316-321
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2005/12/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.316
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Melt-crystallized films of three kinds of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes (UHMW-PE's) having Mv‘s of 1.0-6.0 × 106 were tensile-drawn in the temperature range of Td = 140-160°C, slightly above their static melting temperatures (133-135°C). The effects of Mv on the melt-draw behavior and the tensile properties of the resultant drawn products were studied. The deformation of the entanglement networks in molten UHMW-PE, which occurred during the melt-drawing, induced the chain extension, orientation and crystallization depending on the drawing variables. For a given Mv, the ductility increased with increasing the Td, reaching a maximum at a specific Td, which increased with the sample Mv. At yet higher Td's, the ductility decreased rapidly with the Td. The optimum Td, as defined by the Td where the highest tensile properties were achieved, increased with Mv from 140°C for the lowest Mv to 155°C for the highest Mv. Although the tensile properties for a given Mv increased with the draw ratio (DR) at a given Td, those at a given DR decreased with increasing the Td. As a result of the specific effect for each of these drawing variables on the ductility and tensile properties, the highest tensile modulus of 88 GPa and strength of 1.3 GPa were obtained for the UHMW-PE with the highest Mv. These values are among the highest ever reported for the melt-drawing of UHMW-PE.
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  • 高速紡糸ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維のシンクロトロンＸ線散乱法による精密構造解析
    舩井 栄志, 櫻井 伸一, 原 滋郎, 山本 勝宏, 岡本 茂, 小島 潤一, 鞠谷 雄士
    2004 年 60 巻 11 号 p. 322-330
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2005/12/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.322
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Precise structural analyses of high speed melt spinning fibers provide useful information of appropriate nano-structures for imparting ultra-high strength to general fibers. For quantitative and precise analyses by X-ray scattering measurements, strong X-ray source is required. In this paper, we demonstrate significance of the synchrotron X-ray scattering and precise structural analyses of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers prepared by high speed melt spinning, with the take-up velocity ranging 1∼9 km/min. Systematic changes in the 2d-SAXS (two-dimensional small-angle X-ray scattering) patterns were clearly observed as a function of the take-up velocity. For 3 km/min, only streaks on the equator were distinct. For 4∼6 km/min, characteristic X-shaped cross-streaks appeared with the streaks on the equator. Then, at 7∼9 km/min, a pair of broad streaked peaks parallel to the equator appeared instead of the cross-streaks, while the equatorial streaks still coexist. We ascribed the X-shaped cross-streaks to a zig-zag fibril structure, and the equatorial streaks with the broad streaked peaks to a shish-kebab structure. Then, based on the 2d-SAXS results, change in the fiber structures with an increase of the take-up velocity is considered. For 4∼6 km/min, the zig-zag fibril is dominant. However, a trivial amount of shish seems to coexist. The shape of fibril changed from zig-zag to straight with an increase of the take-up velocity, while the shish-kebab fraction was considered to increase. It is noted here that the zig-zag fibril consists of somewhat different from an ordinary fibril, but rather thicker-and-looser agglomerates of crystallites. At 9 km/min, fibril is no more the zig-zag, but a straight shish, with a well-developed kebab structure.
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  • 押出装置内におけるpoly(ethylene terephthalate)の分解挙動の解析
    千塚 健史, 鞠谷 雄士
    2004 年 60 巻 11 号 p. 331-337
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2005/12/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.331
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    In the melt spinning process of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), extrusion conditions such as shear-flow history and thermal history influence the characteristics of resultant as-spun fibers. For the detailed analysis on the mechanism of thermal degradation of PET in fiber extrusion, an extrusion system consisting of a twin-screw extruder and a melt line equipped with three gear pumps and a draining channel was constructed to control the shear-flow history and residence time independently. Through the analysis of the effect of residence time, rate constants for the reduction of the degree of polymerization in the extruder and that in the melt line were estimated. The analyzed rate constant for the extruder was about three times higher than that for the melt line. It was also found that a certain degree of degradation occurring during the extrusion is independent of residence time. Estimated activation energies for the molecular weight reduction in the extruder and that in the melt line were similar. It was also confirmed that there was an acceleration of molecular weight reduction with an increase in the rotation frequency of the screw in the extruder. Heat and stress caused by the shear-flow are attributable for this result.
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  • 紡糸線上での炭酸ガスレーザー照射がポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維の力学特性に与える影響
    増田 正人, 船津 義嗣, 風間 邦彦, 鞠谷 雄士
    2004 年 60 巻 11 号 p. 338-345
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2005/12/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.338
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    In the melt spinning of high molecular weight poly(ethylene terephthalate), spinline immediately below the spinning nozzle was heated by irradiating the CO2 laser with the intention of controlling the physical and mechanical properties of resultant fibers. In comparison with the fibers prepared without the laser irradiation, as-spun fibers obtained with laser irradiation showed higher elongation at break and higher tenacity. Higher elongation was attributed to lower tensile stress in the spinline caused by the increase of spinline temperature. Drawn fibers were produced from thus prepared as-spun fibers at various draw ratios. When the drawn fibers with similar elongation at break were compared, fibers prepared with the laser irradiation showed steeper increase in the stress-strain curve in the region of low strain, and showed higher tenacity as a result. On the whole, plot of the relation between tenacity and elongation at break of each fiber shifted toward higher tenacity and higher elongation in case of fibers prepared with the laser irradiation, indicating that the toughness of the fibers were improved. Numerical simulation of the melt spinning process incorporating the effect of laser irradiation suggested that temperature increase by the laser irradiation was at most about 70 degree in the spinning conditions adopted in this study. It was also confirmed that the heating of the spinline immediately below the spinneret led to steeper decrease of spinline diameter in the region near the spinneret, and reduction of strain rate and decrease of tensile stress in the region of lowered spinline temperature. These changes in the thinning behavior of the spinline were speculated to be the origin of the changes in the mechanical properties of laser irradiated fibers.
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  • ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維の欠陥の解析
    塩谷 正俊, 木村 靖, 河添 知美
    2004 年 60 巻 11 号 p. 346-351
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2005/12/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.346
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The distribution of tensile strength and the defect sensitivity of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber for industrial use have been investigated. A fiber with low defect sensitivity refers to the fiber having a tough fiber structure against defects. The distribution of strength was brought about by the variation of the defect sensitivity as well as the variation of the severity of defects. The filament had fluctuation in diameter and the thinner portion of the filament showed lower defect sensitivity. The defect size and the strength of the fiber attained by eliminating defects were estimated based on the strength of notched fibers.
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