Sen'i Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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Volume 60, Issue 12
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Column
Commentation
Reports
Series
Warp and weft
Transactions
  • Structural Modification of Polyester Fibers in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid
    Douhiko Terada, Yutaka Kawahara, Takeshi Kikutani, Masaharu Iwamoto
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 12 Pages 357-364
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.357
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Several types of polyester fibers, i.e. high speed spun (HSS) fibers, partially oriented yarns (POY), and fully oriented yarns (FOY), were subjected to the supercritical CO2 fluid treatment (SFT) at 120deg, 20MPa for 1 h and structural modifications were investigated. Large shrinkage and not a small amount of oligomer deposition on the fiber surface were observed for POY and FOY. On the contrary, as for HSS fibers produced at a spinning speed of 6 km/min the shrinkage was suppressed within 2 % as compared with an initial fiber length and the oligomer deposition could hardly be observed. The shrinkproof property for HSS fibers seems to be closely related to the well developed fibrous structure. Such structure can be easily confirmed via the alkaline etching. The oligomer migration can be lowered by accelerating the orientation-induced crystallization rate on the high speed spinning line and disordering the molecular orientation in amorphous regions. In addition ultra-crystallites formed in amorphous regions during SFT will also be effective for the suppression to the oligomer migration. The disordered macromolecules and the ultra-crystallites formed in amorphous regions will develop a network-like structure that suppresses the oligomer migration. Therefore, a novel polyester fiber suitable for the supercritical CO2 fluid dyeing is producible by controlling the fibrous structure and designing the amorphous regions using the high speed spinning process.
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  • Dependence of Electrical Conductivities of Acetylene Black Filled Nylon-12 Fibers on Draw Spinning Conditions
    Hirofumi Yanagizawa, Toshiyuki Kodaira
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 12 Pages 365-371
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.365
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    Draw spinning conditions for acetylene black (AB) filled nylon-12 fibers were studied to get electro-conductive fibers with well-developed conduction routes of AB. A draw ratio and a draw temperature were varied to see their influence on the electro-conductivity of the fibers obtained. AB agglomerates tend to align along fiber axes with an increase of the draw ratio and conduction routes are developed to lower average volume resistivity (AVR), when the draw ratio is low. However, the conduction routes seem to be partially destroyed on a further increase of the draw ratio beyond 1.3. Variation of the scattering range of volume resistivity (VR) depending on the draw ratio is rather complicated, but its lowest value was obtained at the draw ratio of 1.3. As the draw temperature is raised, homogeneity of the conduction routes increases, since matrix polymers soften. However, fibers adhere to a draw role on drawing at a higher temperature than 80deg. Thus drawing with the draw ratio of 1.3 at 80deg forms fibers with the lowest AVR and the narrowest scattering range of VR. The VR of the fibers obtained under the condition remained almost unchanged regardless of the drastic change of relative humidity of the surroundings where they were placed, which indicates that they have stable electrical conductivities.
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  • Shrinkproof and Reinforcing Effects of Duck Feather Hydrolysate on the Treatment of Archaeological Waterlogged Wood
    Rie Endo, Yutaka Kawahara, Teruo Kimura
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 12 Pages 372-376
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.372
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    Shrinkproof and reinforcing effects of duck feather hydrolysate on the treatment of archaeological waterlogged wood were investigated. The bulking effect, i.e. the shrinkproof index was enhanced through the impregnation of cell walls with duck feather hydrolysate and sodium acetate derived from neutralization process in the preparation of pH 7 duck feather hydrolysate solution. The reinforcement of cell walls seems to be brought about through the structural modification of duck feather hydrolysate to Beta sheet form by acetic acid in the treatment bath. The good affinity between lignin, maincomponent of biodegraded waterlogged wood, and duck feather keratin is also effective for the reinforcement of cell walls.
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  • Classification of Tight-Fitting Bodice Patterns of Young Women Using Concentrated Gaussian Curvature
    Tomoe Masuda, Haruki Imaoka
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 12 Pages 377-385
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.377
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    Based on a new concept using only "Concentrated Gaussian Curvature by angle ( =2pai )" for clothing Abstract Kc theta - design, we classified similar curved surface shapes of tight-fitting b patterns (called T-pattern) regardless of odice size. In accordance with the conservation law based on the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, the total value of of the five Kc darts and the three boundary lines of each of the 203 T-patterns has a consistent value of 720 degrees. Using the methods of principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the T-pattern curved surface shapes were classified as three T-pattern types of the sloping, standard, and square shoulders, with two subgroups in each group. The sloping and square shoulder T-pattern types were divided by small or large bust curved surfaces while the standard shoulder slope and bust curved surfaces were further separated by plane or convex back surfaces.
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  • Influence of pressure intensity and width of belt on compressive feeling and sensitivity of abdomen.
    Noriko Nakamura, Harumi Morooka, Hideo Morooka
    2004 Volume 60 Issue 12 Pages 386-391
    Published: 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.386
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The influence of the pressure intensity and the width of the belt on compressive feeling and sensitivity of the abdomen was clarified. Eleven female students were employed as subjects. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Wide belts caused a higher compressive feeling than narrow ones. 2. The compressive feeling depended on clothing pressure at sites far above and below the waist. 3. We defined an apparent differential threshold dR as the difference in pressure intensity that can be felt in units of one score. The dR at each width of belt was clarified. The compressive sensitivity was higher when the belt's width is wider, and this tendency was especially remarkable in a range of width from 3 cm to 10 cm. 4. It was found that subjects with thinner waist dimensions tended to have higher compressive sensitivity.
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