繊維学会誌
Online ISSN : 1884-2259
Print ISSN : 0037-9875
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60 巻, 7 号
Special Issue on "Syntheses and Industrial Use of Monodispersed Colloidal Particles"
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時評
特集<単分散性コロイド粒子の合成と用途開発>
一般報文
  • カーボンブラック分散ナイロン１２繊維の紡糸条件と導電性に関する研究
    柳澤 博文, 小平 俊之
    2004 年 60 巻 7 号 p. 203-212
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2005/12/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.203
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Spinning conditions for undrawn carbon black (CB) filled nylon 12 (Ny12) fibers were studied to get electro-conductive fibers with well developed conduction routes of CB. The electrical conductivities of such fibers are assumed to be excellent and less dependent on the circumstance where they are used. Spinning was carried out using a spinneret equipped with a cooling chamber or a heating chamber. Acetylene black (AB) was employed as CB. The average volume resistivity (resistivity) for the fibers tended to decrease with increasing winding speed of the fibers irrespective of the chamber used. The orientation of Ny12 along the fiber axis is considered to be responsible for the lowering of the resistivity. This is because the former increased with increase of the winding speed and it is reasonably assumed that the conduction routes by AB are developed along the fiber axis with the orientation of the matrix polymer. Higher degrees of orientation were achieved for the fibers obtained using the cooling chamber than those using the heating chamber, when the winding speed was kept constant. However, the former had higher resistivity than the latter, when they are compared for the fibers with a same degree of orientation. This was attributed to the variation of a degree of crystallinity. Based on these results, the fibers with AB conduction routes developed effectively and accordingly with lower resistivity could be prepared by choosing proper spinning conditions. The resistivity of the fibers thus obtained remained almost unchanged regardless of the drastic change of relative humidity of the circumstance where they were put, which indicates that they have stable electrical conductivities.
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  • Ozone-Gas Treatment of Wool and Silk Fabrics
    Tomiji Wakida, Muncheul Lee, Jeong Hun Jeon, Takako Tokuyama, Hiroshig ...
    2004 年 60 巻 7 号 p. 213-219
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2005/12/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.213
    ジャーナル フリー
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    In previous papers, we reported that various cellulosic, wool and silk fabrics were treated with ammonia-gas with regard to the gas phase processing of the fabrics. In this paper, ozone-gas treatment of the wool and silk fabrics was carried out. The effect of the treatment on surface modification, dyeing property, wetting, and laundering shrinkage were evaluated. Although the physical surface was almost unchanged from the SEM observation, the O1s intensity by the ESCA analysis of both fibers in relation to surface modification increased, especially for wool. As the results, wetting property was improved remarkably despite of no change of the moisture regain and water absorption. Nevertheless, laundering shrinkage decreased apparently. Furthermore, apparent dyeing rate was accelerated considerably for wool, whereas equilibrium dye uptake was almost unchanged by the treatment. Mechanical property of the wool fabric was almost no change by the ozone-gas treatment, while those of the silk fabric became a little crisp.
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  • A New Approach to the Dynamics of Roller Draft Part 1: The Basic Scheme and an Application to a Model System
    Takashi Komori, Motoyoshi Itoh
    2004 年 60 巻 7 号 p. 220-229
    発行日: 2004年
    公開日: 2005/12/15
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2115/fiber.60.220
    ジャーナル フリー
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    A theory of the dynamics of a sliver or roving under roller draft is presented in a general form based on the scheme of the fluid mechanics. The motion of a fiber bundle being drafted is described by three differential equations; one relates the local elongation of the bundle to the velocity distribution along the bundle, and the other two govern the conservation of mass and momentum. The momentum flux is composed of three terms due to mass flow, tension, and inter-fiber slip. The last term, the momentum transfer by interaction among fibers, has no trivial analogue in any of traditional theories proposed earlier, though indirectly it might connect with the force for pulling out fibers of the bundle. A hypothetical system simulated by a viscoelastic fluid flow is introduced as a standard model and its stationary motion is examined for illustrating how the basic scheme works, how the velocity and tension are formed along the bundle, how the drafting force depends on the system parameters, etc.
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